Done By:

Rawan Alabbas
Sahl Altalhi,
Sami Alzakari
and Shaima Al majed.

 What is paraphrasing?
Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing.
Paraphrasing tools
Examples.
Video.

 Youre asked to use outside sources for a paper, and your professor

wants to see more summaries and paraphrases than direct

quotations.

 But didnt your original source already write it best? How else

could you possibly rephrase this?

 Practice!

Like any other skill, the more you summarize and paraphrase
effectively, the easier it gets.

 Paraphrasing is a rewriting of text in your own words, used to clarify

meaning, and used to shorten a longer statement but keeps the main
ideas.

QUOTING

PARAPHRASI SUMMARIZI
NG

NG

Identical to the words

found

Constructing a passage Putting main

into your own words
ideas/points into your
own words

Other persons idea

and words

Use your own

sentences structure

Presents only the most

important ideas of a
source

Quotation marks must

be used

Attribute to your
original source

Attribute to your
original source

1. Replace some of the words with synonyms.

2. Make a positive verb into a negative verb.
3. Change active constructions to passive, and vice versa.
4. Change words into other parts of speech: adjectives into verbs, verbs into nouns, etc.
5. Combine sentences with connecting words.
6. Move parts of sentences around.

PASSAGE FROM BOOK

Ancient Egyptians believed that Osiris, a good

and wise king, was the first pharaoh. He spread

knowledge to other parts of the world, while his
wife, Isis, ruled Egypt in his place.
PARAPHRASED PASSAGE
King Osiris was the first pharaoh and spread

knowledge. Queen Isis ruled Egypt when he

was gone.

PASSAGE FROM BOOK

Upon returning home, Osiris was murdered by

his evil brother Set, who cut Osiriss body into

pieces and dumped it in the Nile River. Isis
found the body and put it back together by
winding linen bandages around it.

PARAPHRASED PASSAGE
Osiriss brother Set killed Osiris by cutting his

body into pieces, and Isis put the body back

together.

Colorado State University. (n.d.) Example summaries. Writing @ CSU. Retrieved from
http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/documents/standsum/pop6a.cfm

Dollahite, N.E. & Haun, J. (2005). Sourcework: Academic writing from sources. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co.

Hacker, D. (2009). Rules for writers (6th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martins.

Kissner, E. (2006). Summarizing, paraphrasing and retelling. Newmarket, ON: Heinemann.

Safe practices. (2010). Purdue Online Writing Lab. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/03/

When to use direct quotations. (n.d.) Virgil Undergraduate Writing Center. Retrieved from
http://projects.uwc.utexas.edu/virgil/?q=node/204