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Processos termodinmicos.
Gases ideais.
Fsica B2 2012/02
Processos termodinmicos
Processos adiabticos:
Q = 0 U = Wad
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible_process_(thermodynamics)
Fsica B2 2012/02
Processos termodinmicos
Processos adiabticos:
Q = 0 U = Wad
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible_process_(thermodynamics)
Fsica B2 2012/02
Processos termodinmicos
Processos adiabticos:
Fsica B2 2012/02
Processos termodinmicos
Processos adiabticos:
Q1 Q2 Qad = 0
f
2
ad.
Q1 W1 = Q2 W2 = Wad = U
1
W1 W2 Wad = U
(independente do caminho)
Q W = U f Ui
Fsica B2 2012/02
Termodinmica
2010/02
Prof. Jair C. C.
Prof.
Freitas
Jair C.
Depto.
C. Freitas
de Fsica
Depto.
/ UFES
de Fsica / UFES
Processos termodinmicos
Processos isocricos: V constante
Sistemas hidrostticos:
W =
VB
VA
PdV = 0
(V A = VB )
W = 0 U = Q
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_cooking
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isochoric_process
Fsica B2 2012/02
Processos termodinmicos
Processos isotrmicos: T constante
Mudanas de fase.
Sistemas em contato com reservatrios trmicos.
http://gallery.hd.org/_c/natural-science/ice-melting-in-water-with-thermometer-at-zero-degrees-Celsius-AJHD.jpg.html
Fsica B2 2012/02
Processos termodinmicos
Processos isotrmicos gases ideais:
W =
VB
VA
PdV =
VB
VA
W = nRT
VB
VA
nRT
dV
V
dV
V
= nRT ln B
V
VA
Isotermas
Processos termodinmicos
Processos isobricos: P constante
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/4589/view
Fsica B2 2012/02
Processos termodinmicos
Processos isobricos: P constante
Sistemas hidrostticos:
W =
VB
W =
VB
VA
VA
PdV
VB
PdV = P dV = P (VB V A )
Fsica B2 2012/02
VA
Processos termodinmicos
Processos isobricos: P constante
Sistemas hidrostticos:
W = PV
Q = U + W = U + PV
Q = (U + PV ) = H
H Entalpia
(funo de estado)
Fsica B2 2012/02
Q = H (calor de reao)
Prof. Jair C. C. Freitas Depto. de Fsica / UFES
Fsica B2 2012/02
Processos termodinmicos
Expanso livre:
Q = W = 0 U = 0
Processo no quase-esttico.
Processo irreversvel.
U (Ti ,Vi ) = U (T f ,V f )
Fsica B2 2012/02
Processos termodinmicos
Expanso livre gases ideais:
Ti = T f
U (Ti ,Vi ) = U (T f ,V f )
U (T ,Vi ) = U (T ,V f ) = U (T )
=0
V T
=0
P T
http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/cronk/chemistry/L00-index.cfm?L00resource=entropy
Fsica B2 2012/02
dQ = nCV dT
Calor especfico
molar a volume
constante
Presso constante:
dQ = nCP dT
Fsica B2 2012/02
Calor especfico
molar a presso
constante
dQ = nCV dT
dW = 0
dU = dQ dW = nCV dT
Presso constante:
dQ = nCP dT
dW = PdV = nRdT
dU = dQ dW = n(CP R )dT
Fsica II Termondinmica e Ondas
Sears | Zemansky | Young | Freedman
Fsica B2 2012/02
dQ = nCV dT
dW = 0
dU = dQ dW = nCV dT
Presso constante:
dQ = nCP dT
dW = PdV = nRdT
dU = dQ dW = n(CP R )dT
Fsica II Termondinmica e Ondas
Sears | Zemansky | Young | Freedman
Fsica B2 2012/02
U = U (T )
nCV dT = n(CP R )dT
CV = CP R
cV = cP nR
CP > CV
= CP / CV > 1
Fsica II Termondinmica e Ondas
Sears | Zemansky | Young | Freedman
Fsica B2 2012/02
Gs ideal:
CP CV = R
= C P / CV > 1
CV (3 / 2) R, C P (5 / 2) R
5/3
CV (5 / 2) R, CP (7 / 2) R
7/5
Fsica B2 2012/02
dQ = 0
dW = PdV
dU = dQ dW = PdV
Gs ideal:
dU = nCV dT
Fsica B2 2012/02
nCV dT = PdV =
nRT
dV
V
dT
R dV
+
=0
T CV V
dT
dV
+ ( 1)
=0
T
V
V > 0 T < 0
Resfriamento adiabtico
Fsica B2 2012/02
nCV dT = PdV =
nRT
dV
V
dT
R dV
+
=0
T CV V
dT
dV
+ ( 1)
=0
T
V
V > 0 T < 0
Resfriamento adiabtico
Fsica B2 2012/02
dT
dV
+ ( 1)
=0
T
V
TV 1 = constante
PV = constante
Fsica B2 2012/02
P (V ) =
f
P0V0
V
W = dW =
i
Vf
Vi
W =
Vf
Vi
PdV
P0V0
dV
1
W=
( PV
i i Pf V f )
1
Fsica II Termondinmica e Ondas
Sears | Zemansky | Young | Freedman
Fsica B2 2012/02
Q=0
W = U
U = nCV T
W = nCV (Ti T f )
Fsica B2 2012/02
http://web.mit.edu/16.unified/www/FALL/thermodynamics/notes/node14.html.
http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/distance/sci122/Programs/p21/p21.html.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/adiab.html.
Fsica B2 2012/02