Control Your Diet So YOU Can

Control Your Outcome

Nutritional Tips for Patients with Cancer
Going through Chemotherapy.

Gracie Iberle
Lexi Tiller
Molly Winkeler
Noel Konken
Raquel Novak

Learning Objectives
Audience will be able to

Identify general nutritional needs for patients

going through chemotherapy
Recognize specific dietary restraints for
patients receiving chemotherapy
Develop a plan to minimize potential for
disease and maximize nutritional intake

What is Chemotherapy?
Drug treatment using powerful chemicals to kill fastgrowing cells in your body (mayoclinic.org)

Through cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs

Delivered intravenously (or orally-less common)

Dependent on patient: Inpatient or Outpatient

www.medscape.com

WIIFM?
Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in U.S.

Diet affects patients medication

Improving diet can improve patients mood
What can weaken patients immune systems?
Make patient aware that they do have control!

Background
Chemo kills cancer cells but can damage healthy cells!
Benefits of a Healthy Diet
Nutrient reserves to strengthen body
Rebuild broken tissue or prevent tissue breakdown
Defense against disease
Less intense side effects
Increase drug prescriptions

polypharmacy/polychemotherapy
www.cancer.org

Nutritional Needs
Increase calories and protein

Raise energy level

High protein snacks
Strong side effects make maintaining diet difficult
Pain and discomfort
Cold foods for sore mouth and throat
www.cancer.org

Restraints & Precautions

Take caution

when dining out & in public

salad bars/buffets

a la cart

drinking fountains

cooking time and temperatures (danger zone)

proper produce washing and storing

www.cancer.org

Literature Review
A 2014 study in Nutrition and Cancer found:
Prevalence of malnutrition at all disease stages is 45%-69%
Dietary counseling and/or oral nutritional supplements
improve dietary energy and protein intake
Radiotherapy patients - counseling decreased weight loss
and maintained nutritional status
(Kiss, Krishnasamy & Isenring, 2014)

Literature Review (cont.)

2011 Edition of Journal of Human Nutrition and
Dietetics:
Focused on nutrition advice on survival, nutritional
endpoints, and quality of life in chemotherapy patients
Four groups: no intervention, dietary advice, supplement, advice and
supplement

Conclusion:

weight gain increased survival time

quality of life and clinical outcomes didnt improve

(Baldwin, Spiro, McGough, Gillbanks, Thomas, Cunningham, O'Brien & Andreyev, 2011)

Literature Review (cont.)

2012 Study in Oncology Nursing Society found:
Focus: nutritional status, weight change, BMI, and prior
dietetic input

All malnourished
Due to chemotherapy, overlooked often

Obese

Overweight

Nutrition screening should be utilized more

(Davidson, Teleni, Muller, Ferguson, McCarthy, Vick & Isenring, 2012)

Literature Review (cont.)

In Conclusion
Nutrition counseling increases weight gain
Weight gain generally improves survival length and clinical
outcomes

Methods & Results

Patients with cancer are the least nourished

http://ijccm.org

How to Create a Nutrition

Assessment

Prognostic Nutritional Index

Patient-Generated Subjective Global

Assessment (PG-SGA)
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
(BIA)

Methods of Nutrition Care

Oral Nourishment
Eternal Nutrition
Cyclic Drip Feeding
Intermittent Feeding

Parenteral Nutrition
Central Venous Catheters
Peripheral Venous Catheters

Conclusion
Cancer is second leading cause of death
Chemo kills cancer cells and damages healthy cells
leads to malnutrition & weakened immune system
Nutritional Needs and benefits
Increase calories & protein
Help immune system
Rebuild broken tissue

Future Directions
Continuing research on cancer treatments
Make patients more aware of nutrition benefits

Helping patients during recovery

References
Baldwin, C., Spiro, A., McGough, C., Gillbanks, A., Thomas, K., Cunningham, D., O'Brien, M., &
Andreyev, H. Simple nutritional intervention in patients with advanced cancers of the
gastrointestinal tract, non-small cell lung cancers or mesothelioma and weight loss receiving
chemotherapy: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 2011;
24(5), 431. Retrieved from
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/ehost/detail?vid=7&sid=70d0d6b279e8-4bc6-8f887e62eb6bdc56@sessionmgr4005&hid=4207&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==
Davidson, W., Teleni, L., Muller, J., Ferguson, M., McCarthy, A., Vick, J., & Isenring, E.
Malnutrition and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: Implications for practice.
Oncology Nursing Forum. 2012;39(4), E340-E345. Retrieved from
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/ehost/detail?vid=7&sid=70d0d6b279e8-4bc6-8f887e62eb6bdc56@sessionmgr4005&hid=4207&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==

Kiss, N., Krishnasamy, M., & Isenring, E. The effect of nutrition intervention in lung cancer
patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy: A systematic review. Nutrition and
Cancer. 2014; 66(1), 47-56. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2014.847966

References Cont.
Vashi, P., Gupta, D., Lammersfeld, C., Braun, D., Popiel, B., Misra, S., & Brown, K. The
relationship between baseline nutritional status with subsequent parenteral nutrition and clinical
outcomes in cancer patients undergoing hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Nutrition
Journal. 2013; 12(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-118
www.cancer.org/treatment/survivorshipduringandaftertreatment/nutritionforpeoplewithcancer/
nutritionforthepersonwithcancer/index. Accessed April 27, 2014.
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/502815_5. Accessed April 29, 2014.

Questions?