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AbrahaminIslam
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Ibrahim(Arabic:,translit.:Ibrhm,
pronounced[ibrahim]),knownasAbrahamintheOld
Testament,isrecognizedinIslamasaprophetand
apostle[1][2]ofGod(Arabic:
Allh)andpatriarchof
manypeoples.InMuslimbelief,Abrahamfulfilledall
thecommandmentsandtrialswhichGodtriedhimwith
overhislifetime.Asaresultofhisunwaveringfaithin
God,AbrahamwaspromisedbyGodtobealeadertoall
thenationsoftheworld.[3]Abrahamembodiesthetype
oftheperfectMuslimandtheQuranmentionsAbraham
asamodelformankind.[4]Inthissense,Abrahamhas
beendescribedasrepresenting"primordialmanin
universalsurrendertotheDivineRealitybeforeits
fragmentationintoreligionsseparatedfromeachotherby
differencesinform".[5]TheIslamicholydayEidalAdha
iscelebratedinmemoryofthebraveryofAbraham,and
Muslimsperformthepilgrimagetopayhomageatthe
KaabawhichAbrahamhadsetupandreformed.[6]

Abraham(Ibrahim)
alayhissalm()

ThenameAbrahamwritteninIslamiccalligraphy
followedbyPeacebeuponhim.
Nativename

Ibrhm

Born

c.2510BH
Ur,Iraq

Died
c.2329BH(agedapproximately
MuslimsbelievethattheprophetAbrahambecamethe
175)
leaderoftherighteousinhistimeanditwasthroughhim
Hebron,WestBank
thatthepeopleofbothArabiaandIsraelcame.Abraham,
inthebeliefofIslam,wasinstrumentalincleansingthe
Causeof
OldAge
worldofidolatryatthetime.Paganismwasclearedout
death
byAbrahaminbothArabiaandCanaan.Hespiritually
Resting
IbrahimiMosque
purifiedbothplacesaswellasphysicallysanctifyingthe
place
housesofworship.AbrahamandIsmail(Ishmael)further Religion
Islam
establishedtheritesofpilgrimage,[7]orHajj,whichare
Spouse(s)
Hajar,Sarah
stillfollowedbyMuslimstoday.Muslimsmaintainthat
Children
Ismail(Ishmael),Ishaq(Issac)
AbrahamfurtheraskedGodtoblessboththelinesofhis
progeny,ofIsmail(Ishmael)andIshaq(Isaac),andto
keepallofhisdescendantsintheprotectionofGod.TheyalsobelievethatMuhammadisadescendantof
AbrahamthroughIshmael.

Contents
1Family
2Personalityandwisdom
3LifeaccordingtotheQu'ranandIslamictradition
3.1Youth
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3.2Searchingforthetruth
3.3Conflictwiththeidolworshippers
3.4Thegreatfire
3.5ConfrontationwithNimrod
3.6Miracles
4Title
4.1Khalilullah
5AbrahamandtheKaaba
6ScrollsofAbraham
7Burialplace
8NarrativeintheQuran
8.1ReferencestoAbrahamintheQuran
8.2VersesintheQuran
9Seealso
10Notes
11References
11.1Furtherreading
11.1.1General
11.1.2AbrahamandtheKaaba
11.1.3Abraham'slife
12Externallinks

Family

AbrahamintheMosqueofAbraham
inHebron

SomeMuslimsmaintainthatAbraham'sfatherwasAzar(Arabic:,translit.:zar),[8][9]whichcouldbe
derivedfromtheSyriacAthar,[10]whoisknownintheHebrewBibleasTerah.OtherMuslimsmaintain
thatAzarwashispaternaluncle.[11]CommentatorsandscholarsbelievedthatAbrahamhimselfhadmany
children,butIsmail(Ishmael)andIshaq(Isaac)weretheonlytwowhobecameprophets.Abraham'stwo
wivesarebelievedtohavebeenSarahandHjar(Hagar),thelatterofwhomwasoriginallySarah's
handmaiden.[12]Abraham'snephewissaidtohavebeenthemessengerLut(Lot),whowasoneoftheother
peoplewhomigratedwithAbrahamoutoftheircommunity.Abrahamhimselfissaidtohavebeenof
Semiticlineage,beingadescendantofNuh(Noah)throughhissonShem.[13]

Personalityandwisdom
Abraham'spersonalityandcharacterisoneofthemostindepthinthewholeQuran,andAbrahamis
specificallymentionedasbeingakindandcompassionateman.[14]Abraham'sfatherisunderstoodbyall
Muslimstohavebeenawicked,ignorantandidolatrousmanwhoignoredallofhisson'sadvice.The
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relationshipbetweenAbrahamandhisfather,whointheQuranisnamedAzar,iscentraltoAbraham's
storyasMuslimsunderstandittoestablishalargepartofAbraham'spersonality.TheQuranmentionsthat
Abraham'sfatherthreatenedtostonehissontodeathifhedidnotceaseinpreachingtothepeople.[15]
Despitethis,theQuranstatesthatAbrahaminhislateryearsprayedtoGodtoforgivethesinsofallhis
descendantsandhisparents.MuslimshavefrequentlycitedAbraham'scharacterasanexampleofhowkind
onemustbetowardspeople,andespeciallyone'sownparents.AsimilarexampleofAbraham's
compassionatenatureisdemonstratedwhenAbrahambegantoprayforthepeopleofSodomandGomorrah
afterhearingofGod'splanthroughtheangelGabrielforthem.AlthoughtheangelGabrieltoldAbraham
thatGod'splanwasthefinalword,andthereforeAbraham'sprayerswouldbeofnoeffect,theQuran
nonethelessreinforcesAbraham'skindnaturethroughthisparticularevent.[16]

LifeaccordingtotheQu'ranandIslamictradition
Youth
IbrahimwasborninahouseofidolatersintheancientcityofUr,intheMesopotamianplainsofBabylonia
(presentdayIraq).ThelanguagethatwasspokenatthetimewasAkkadian(Akkadianisnowanextinct
language.)HisfatherAzarwasawellknownidolsculptorthathispeopleworshipped.Asayoungchild,
Ibrahimusedtowatchhisfathersculptingtheseidolsfromstonesorwood.Whenhisfatherwasdonewith
them,Ibrahimwouldaskhisfatheronwhytheythoseidolscan'tmoveorrespondtoanyrequestandthen
wouldmockthoseidolstherforehisfatheralwaysgroundhimfordnotfollowingtheritualsofhisancestors
andmockingtheiridols.abrahamoppositiontoidols(http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?
option=com_content&task=view&id=2637&Itemid=76)
Despitehisoppositiontoidolatry,hisfatherAzarwouldstillsendIbrahimtosellhisidolsinthe
marketplace.Oncethere,Ibrahamwouldcallouttothepassersby,"Whollbuymyidols?Theywonthelp
youandtheycanthurtyou!Whollbuymyidols?"ThenIbrahimwouldmocktheidols.Hewouldtake
themtotheriver,pushtheirfacesintothewaterandcommandthem,"Drink!Drink!"Onceagain,Ibrahim
askedhisfather,"Howcanyouworshipwhatdoesntseeorhearordoyouanygood?"Azarreplied,"Dare
youdenythegodsofourpeople?Getoutofmysight!"Ibrahimreplied,"MayGodforgiveyou.Nomore
willIlivewithyouandyouridols."Afterthis,Ibrahimlefthisfather'shomeforgood.
Duringoneofthemanyfestivalsthatwouldtakeplaceinthecity,thepeoplewouldgatherintheirtemple
andplacedofferingsoffoodbeforetheiridols.Ibrahimwouldaskthepeople,"Whatareyouworshipping?
Dotheseidolshearwhenyoucallthem?Cantheyhelpyouorhurtyou?"Thepeoplewouldreply,"Itisthe
wayofourforefathers."Ibrahimdeclared"Iamsickofyourgods!TrulyIamtheirenemy."[17]After
severalyears,Ibrahimbecameayoungman.Hestillcouldnotbelievethathispeoplewereworshippingthe
statues.Helaughedwheneverhesawthementeringthetemple,loweringtheirheads,silentlyofferingthe
statuesthebestoftheirfood,cryingandaskingforgivenessfromthem.Hestartedfeelingangrytowardshis
people,whocouldnotrealizethattheseareonlystonesthatcouldneitherbenefitnorharmthem.[18]

Searchingforthetruth
Onenight,Ibrahimwentuptothemountain,leanedagainstarockandlookeduptothesky.Hesawa
shiningstarandsaidtohimself,"CouldthisbemyLord?"Butwhenitsethesaid:"Idon'tlikethosethat
set."ThestarhaddisappearedsoitcouldnotbeGod.Godisalwayspresent.Thenhesawthemoonrising
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insplendorandsaid,"CouldthisbemyLord?"butthemoonalsoset.Atdaybreak,hesawthesunrising
andsaid,"CouldthisbemyLord?Thisisthebiggestandbrightest!"Butwhenthesunalsosethesaid,"O
mypeople!IamfreefromallthatyoujoinaspartnerswithAllah!IhaveturnedmyfacetowardsAllah
whocreatedtheheavensandtheearthandnevershallIassociatepartnerswithAllah.OurLordisthe
creatoroftheheavensandtheearthandeverythinginbetween.Hehasthepowertomakethestarsriseand
set."Afterthisdeclaration,IbrahimthenheardAllahcallinghim,"OIbrahim!"Ibrahimtrembledandsaid,
"HereIamOmyLord!"Allahreplied,"SubmittoMe!BeaMuslim!"Ibrahimfellontheground,
prostratingandcrying.Ibrahimsaid:"IsubmittotheLordoftheuniverse!"Ibrahimkeptprostratinguntil
nightfall.Hethengotupandwentbacktohishome,inpeaceandfullofconvictionthatAllahhasguided
himtothetruth.[19]
AnewlifestartedforIbrahim.Hismissionnowwastocallhispeopletomonotheism.Hefirststartedwith
hisfatherwhowastheclosestpersontohimandwhomhelovedsomuch.Hesaidtohiminthesoftestand
kindestvoice:"Ofather!Whydoyouworshipthatwhichdoesn'thear,doesn'tsee,andcannotavailyouin
anything?Ofather,Ihavegotknowledgewhichyouhavenot,sofollowme.Iwillguideyoutoastraight
path."Hisfatherrepliedangrily:"Doyourejectmygods,OIbrahim?Ifyoudon'tstopIwillstoneyouto
death!GetawayfrommebeforeIpunishyou!"Ibrahimreplied:"Peacebeonyou!Iwillaskforgivenessof
myLordforyou."

Conflictwiththeidolworshippers
Helefthisfatherafterhelosthopetoconverthimtomonotheismanddirectedhiseffortstowardsthe
peopleofthetown,buttheyrejectedhiscallandthreatenedhim.Ibrahimthenhatchedaplantodestroy
theiridols.Heknewthatabigcelebrationwascomingsoon,whereeverybodywouldleavetownforabig
feastontheriverbank.Aftermakingsurethatnobodywasleftintown,Ibrahimwenttowardsthetemple
armedwithanaxe.Statuesofallshapesandsizesweresittingthereadornedwithdecorations.Platesof
foodwereofferedtothembutthefoodwasuntouched."Well,whydontyoueat?Thefoodisgettingcold."
Hesaidtothestatues,jokinglythenwithhisaxehedestroyedallthestatuesexceptthelargestone.Heleft
theaxehangingroundtheneckofthebiggestidol.Thepolytheistswereshockedwhentheyreturnedand
enteredthetemple.Theygatheredinsidewatchinginaweoftheirgodsbrokeninpieces.Theywondered
whomighthavedonethis,thentheyallrememberedthattheyoungIbrahimwastalkingeviloftheiridols.
Theybroughthimtothetempleandaskedhim:"Areyoutheonewhohasdonethistoourgods?"Ibrahim
replied,"No,thisstatue,thebiggestofthemhasdoneit.Askthemiftheycanspeak."Thepolytheists
replied,"Youknowwellthattheseidolsdontspeak."Ibrahimthenquestionedthembysaying,"Thenhow
comeyouworshipthingsthatcanneitherspeaknorsee,norevenfendforthemselves?Haveyoupeople
lostyourminds?"Thepolytheistskeptsilentforawhilebecausehehadapoint.Thentheystartedyellingat
Ibrahimandshouting,"Burnhim!Burnhim!Takerevengeforyourgods!"

Thegreatfire
ThedecisiontohaveIbrahimburnedatthestakewasaffirmedbythetemplepriestsandthekingof
Babylon,Nimrod.Thenewsspreadlikefireinthekingdomandpeoplewerecomingfromallplacesto
watchtheexecution.Ahugepitwasdugupandalargequantityofwoodwaspiledup.Thenthebiggest
firepeopleeverwitnessedwaslit.Theflamesweresohighupintheskythateventhebirdscouldnotfly
overitforfearofbeingburntthemselves.Ibrahim'shandsandfeetwerechained,andhewasputina
catapult,readytobethrownin.Duringthistime,AngelJibreelcametohimandsaid:"OIbrahim!Isthere
anythingyouwishfor?"Ibrahimcouldhaveaskedtobesavedfromthefireortobetakenaway,but
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Ibrahimreplied,"No.IonlywishthatAllahbepleasedwithme."ThecatapultwasreleasedandIbrahim
wasthrownintothefire.Allahthengaveanordertothefire,"Ofire!BecoolnessandsafetyforIbrahim."
Amiracleoccurred,thefireobeyedandburnedonlyhischains.Ibrahimcameoutfromitasifhewas
comingoutfromagarden,peaceful,hisfaceilluminatedandnotatraceofsmokeonhisclothes.People
watchedinshockandexclaimed:"Amazing!Ibrahim'sGodhassavedhimfromthefire!"[20]

ConfrontationwithNimrod
TheQurandiscussesacertainconversationbetweenanunrighteousrulerandAbraham.Although
identificationfortheunnamedkinghasbeenrecognizedasbeingleastimportantinthenarrative,many
historicalsourcessuggestthatitwasNimrod,[21]thekingwhohadorderedthebuildingoftheTowerof
Babel.
Accordingtothenarrative,Nimrodbecameextremelyarrogantduetohiswealthandpower,tothepoint
thathemadetheclaimthathepossessedthepowerofcreation.Claimingdivinityforhimself,Nimrod
quarreledwithIbrahimbuttheQurandescribesthatheonlydeepenedinconfusion.AccordingtoRomano
JewishhistorianFlaviusJosephus,NimrodwasamanwhosethiswillagainstthatofGod.Nimrod
proclaimedhimselfasalivinggodandwasworshippedassuchbyhissubjects.Nimrod'sconsort
Semiramiswasalsoworshippedasagoddessathisside.(SeealsoNinus.)BeforeAbrahamwasborn,a
portentinthestarstellsNimrodandhisastrologersoftheimpendingbirthofAbraham,whowouldputan
endtoidolatry.Nimrodthereforeordersthekillingofallnewbornbabies.However,Abraham'smother
escapesintothefieldsandgivesbirthsecretly.
FlaviusJosephusmentionsthatAbrahamconfrontsNimrodandtellshimfacetofacetoceasehisidolatry,
whereuponNimrodordershimburnedatthestake.Nimrodhashissubjectsgatherenoughwoodsoasto
burnAbrahaminthebiggestfiretheworldhadeverseen.YetwhenthefireislitandAbrahamisthrown
intoit,Abrahamwalksoutunscathed.InIslam,itisdebatedwhetherthedecisiontohaveIbrahimburnedat
thestakecamefromNimrodandthetemplepriestsorwhetherthepeoplethemselvesbecamevigilantesand
hatchedtheplantohavehimburnedatthestake.
AccordingtoMuslimcommentators,afterIbrahimsurvivedthegreatfire,notorietyinsocietygrewbigger
afterthisevent.Nimrod,whowastheKingofBabylonfeltthathisthronewasindanger,andthathewas
losingpowerbecauseuponwitnessingIbrahimcomingoutofthefireunharmed,alargepartofsociety
startedbelievinginAllahandIbrahimbeingaprophetofAllah.Upuntilthispoint,Nimrodwaspretending
thathehimselfwasaGod.Nimrodwantedtodebatewithhimandshowhispeoplethathe,thekingis
indeedthegodandthatIbrahimwasaliar.NimrodaskedIbrahim,"WhatcanyourGoddothatIcannot?"
Ibrahimreplied,"MyLordisHewhogiveslifeanddeath."Nimrodthenshouted,"Igivelifeanddeath!I
canbringapersonfromthestreetandhavehimexecuted,andIcangrantmypardontoapersonwhowas
sentencedtodeathandsavehislife."Ibrahimreplied,"Well,mylordAllahmakesthesunrisefromthe
East.CanyoumakeitrisefromtheWest?"Nimrodwasconfounded.Hewasbeatenathisowngame,on
hisownterritoryandinfrontofhisownpeople.ProphetIbrahimlefthimtherespeechlessandwentbackto
hisimportantmission,callingpeopletoworshiptheoneandonlyGod,Allah.[22][23]
Thiseventhasbeennotedasparticularlyimportantbecause,intheMuslimperspective,italmost
foreshadowedthepropheticcareersoffutureprophets,mostsignificantlythecareerofMoses.Abraham's
quarrelwiththekinghasbeeninterpretedbysometobeaprecursortoMoses'spreachingtoPharaoh.Just
astherulerwhoarguedagainstAbrahamclaimeddivinityforhimself,sodidthePharaohoftheExodus,
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whorefusedtohearthecallofMosesandperishedintheRedSea.Inthisparticularincident,scholarshave
furthercommentedonAbraham'swisdominemploying"rational,wiseandtargetoriented"speech,as
opposedtopointlessarguments.[24]
Abraham,intheeyesofmanyMuslims,alsosymbolizedthehighestmoralvaluesessentialtoanyperson.
TheQurandetailstheaccountoftheangelscomingtoAbrahamtotellhimofthebirthofIsaac.Itsaysthat,
assoonasAbrahamsawthemessengers,he"hastenedtoentertainthemwitharoastedcalf."[25]Thisaction
hasbeeninterpretedbyallthescholarsasexemplarymanyscholarshavecommentateduponthisone
action,sayingthatitsymbolizesAbraham'sexceedinglyhighmorallevelandthusisamodelforhowmen
shouldactinasimilarsituation.Thisincidenthasonlyfurtherheightenedthe"compassionate"characterof
AbrahaminMuslimtheology.[26]

Miracles
AbrahamencounteredseveralmiraclesofGodduringhislifetime.TheQuranrecordsafewmainmiracles,
althoughdifferentinterpretationshavebeenattributedtothepassages.Someofthemiraclesrecordedinthe
Quranare:
AbrahamwasshownthekingdomoftheHeavensandtheEarth.[27]
Abrahamandthemiracleofthebirds.[28]
Abrahamwasthrownintoafire,whichbecame"cool"and"peaceful"forhim.[29]
Thefirstpassagehasbeeninterpretedbothliterally,allegoricallyandotherwise.Althoughsome
commentatorsfeelthatthispassagereferredtoaphysicalmiracle,whereAbrahamwasphysicallyshown
theentirekingdomofHeaven(Jannah),[30]othershavefeltthatitreferstothespiritualunderstandingof
AbrahamtheselatterscholarsmaintainthattheChaldeanswereskilledintheobservanceofthestars,but
Abraham,wholivedamongstthem,sawbeyondthephysicalworldandintoahigherspiritualrealm.The
secondpassagehasonemainstreaminterpretationamongsttheQuraniccommentators,thatAbrahamtook
fourbirdsandcutthemup,placingpiecesofeachonnearbyhillswhenhecalledouttothem,eachpiece
joinedandfourbirdsflewbacktoAbraham.[31]Thismiracle,astoldbytheQuranicpassage,wasa
demonstrationbyGodtoshowAbrahamhowGodgavelifetothedead.Asthephysicalcuttingofthebirds
isnotimpliedinthepassage,somecommentatorshaveofferedalternativeinterpretations,butallmaintain
thatthemiraclewasforthesamedemonstrativepurposetoshowAbrahamthepowerGodhastoraisethe
deadtolife.[32]Thethirdpassagehasalsobeeninterpretedbothliterallyandmetaphorically,orinsome
casesboth.Commentatorsstatethatthe'fire'referstomainaspects.Theymaintainedthat,firstly,thefire
referredtothephysicalflame,fromwhichAbrahamwassavedunharmed.Thecommentatorsfurtherstated
that,secondly,thefirereferredtothe'fireofpersecution',fromwhichAbrahamwassaved,ashelefthis
peopleafterthiswithhiswifeSarahandhisnephewLot.[33]

Title
Khalilullah
AbrahamisgiventhetitleKhalilullah(Arabic:,translit.:allull,Meaning:FriendofAllah)in
Islam.[2][34]TheQuransays:
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WhocanbebetterinreligionthanonewhosubmitshiswholeselftoAllah,doesgood,and
followsthewayofAbrahamthetrueinFaith?ForAllahdidtakeAbrahamforafriend.
Quran,sura4(AnNisa)ayat125[35]
ThisparticulartitleofAbrahamissofamousinMuslimcultureandtraditionthat,intheareasinandaround
Mecca,AbrahamisoftenreferredtosolelyasTheFriend.[36]ThistitleofFriendofGodisnotexclusiveto
Islamictheology.Althoughtheotherreligioustraditionsdonotstressuponit,AbrahamiscalledaFriendof
GodinthesecondBookofChroniclesandtheBookofIsaiahintheHebrewBible(OldTestament)[37]as
wellasintheNewTestament.[38]

AbrahamandtheKaaba
OneofAbraham'smostimportantfeaturesinIslamictheologyishis
roleastheconstructoroftheKabba.Althoughtraditionrecounts
thatAdamconstructedtheoriginalKabba,whichwasdemolished
bytheGreatFloodatthetimeofNoah,Abrahamisbelievedtohave
rebuiltitinitsoriginalform.TheQuran,intheMuslimperspective,
merelyconfirmsorreinforcesthelawsofpilgrimage.Theriteswere
institutedbyAbrahamandforallMuslims,astheyperformthe
pilgrimage,theeventisawaytoreturntotheperfectionof
Abraham'sfaith.[39]JustasMedinaisreferredtoasthe"Cityofthe
Prophet[Muhammad]"orsimplythe"CityofMuhammad",Mecca
isfrequentlycitedasthe"CityofAbraham",becauseAbraham's
reformationofthepurifiedmonotheisticfaithtookplacepurelyin
Mecca.[40]

TheKaaba,whichremainsthemost
significantmosqueinIslam,is
believedtohavebeenconstructedby
AbrahamandIshmael.

ScrollsofAbraham
TheQuranreferstocertainScrollsofAbraham,whichhavealternativelybeentranslatedastheBooksof
Abraham.AllMuslimscholarshavegenerallyagreedthatnoscrollsofAbrahamsurvive,andthereforethis
isareferencetoalostbodyofscripture.[41]TheScrollsofAbrahamareunderstoodbyMuslimstoreferto
certainrevelationsAbrahamreceived,whichhewouldhavethentransmittedtowriting.Theexactcontents
oftherevelationarenotdescribedintheQuran.
The87thchapteroftheQuran,suraAlAla,concludessayingthesubjectmatterofthesurahasbeeninthe
earlierscripturesofAbrahamandMoses.Itisslightlyindicativeofwhatwereinthepreviousscriptures,
accordingtoIslam:
Thereforegiveadmonitionincasetheadmonitionprofits(thehearer).
Theadmonitionwillbereceivedbythosewhofear(Allah):
Butitwillbeavoidedbythosemostunfortunateones,
WhowillentertheGreatFire,
Inwhichtheywillthenneitherdienorlive.
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Butthosewillprosperwhopurifythemselves,
AndglorifythenameoftheirGuardianLord,and(lifttheirhearts)inprayer.
Day(behold),yepreferthelifeofthisworld
ButtheHereafterisbetterandmoreenduring.
AndthisisintheBooksoftheearliest(Revelation),
TheBooksofAbrahamandMoses.
Quran,sura87(AlAla),ayah919[42]
Chapter53oftheQuran,suraAnNajm,mentionssomemoresubjectmattersoftheearlierscripturesof
AbrahamandMoses.
Nay,ishenotacquaintedwithwhatisintheBooksofMoses
AndofAbrahamwhofulfilledhisengagements?
Namely,thatnobearerofburdenscanbeartheburdenofanother
Thatmancanhavenothingbutwhathestrivesfor
That(thefruitof)hisstrivingwillsooncomeinsight:
Thenwillheberewardedwitharewardcomplete
ThattothyLordisthefinalGoal
ThatitisHeWhograntethLaughterandTears
ThatitisHeWhograntethDeathandLife
ThatHedidcreateinpairs,maleandfemale,
Fromaseedwhenlodged(initsplace)
ThatHehathpromisedaSecondCreation(RaisingoftheDead)
ThatitisHeWhogivethwealthandsatisfaction
ThatHeistheLordofSirius(theMightyStar)
AndthatitisHeWhodestroyedthe(powerful)ancient'Ad(people),
AndtheThamudnorgavethemaleaseofperpetuallife.
Andbeforethem,thepeopleofNoah,forthattheywere(all)mostunjustandmostinsolent
transgressors,
AndHedestroyedtheOverthrownCities(ofSodomandGomorrah).
Sothat(ruinsunknown)havecoveredthemup.
ThenwhichofthegiftsofthyLord,(Oman,)wiltthoudisputeabout?
ThisisaWarner,ofthe(seriesof)Warnersofold!
The(Judgment)everapproachingdrawsnigh:
No(soul)butAllahcanlayitbare.
Doyethenwonderatthisrecital?
Andwillyelaughandnotweep,
Wastingyourtimeinvanities?
ButfallyedowninprostrationtoAllah,andadore(Him)!
Quran53(AnNajm),ayat3662[43]
YetsomescholarssuggestedittobeareferencetoSeferYetzirah,asJewishtraditiongenerallyascribedits
authorshiptoAbraham.Otherscholars,however,wroteofacertainTestamentofAbraham,whichthey
explainedwasavailableatthetimeofMuhammad.[44]BothoftheseviewsaredisputedbecauseSefer
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YetzirahisapartofesotericJewishmysticism,whichoriginatedmuchlaterinthe13thcentury,such
scrollsortestamentsshouldnothaveexistedinthetimeofMuhammadforbeingreferredto.Andifthose
wouldhaveexisted,accordingtoclearinstructionsintheQuranandhadith,noverificationshouldtake
place.
TheQurancontainsnumerousreferencestoAbraham,hislife,prayersandtraditionsandhasadedicated
chapternamedIbrahim.ThereforeverifyingthescrollsofAbrahamfromothertraditions,especiallyfrom
Judaismhasnobasis.TheadventofIslamwasduetothealterationofallpreviousscriptures.Onarelevant
note,suraAlKahfwasrevealedasananswerfromGodtotheJewswhoinquiredofMuhammadaboutpast
events.HereGoddirectlyinstructedMuhammadinsuraAlKahf,nottoconsulttheJewsforverifyingthe
threestoriesaboutwhichtheyinquired.
Enternot,therefore,intocontroversiesconcerningthem,exceptonamatterthatisclear,nor
consultanyofthemabout(theaffairof)theSleepers.
Quran,sura18(AlKahf),ayat22[45]
ThereasonbeingGoddeclaringHeHimselfisrelatingwhatneedstobeverifiedinanotherverseofsura
AlKahf:
Werelatetotheetheirstoryintruth:theywereyouthswhobelievedintheirLord,andWe
advancedtheminguidance:
Quran,sura18,(AlKahf),ayat13[46]
RegardingconsultationwiththePeopleoftheBook,itisalsonarratedbyAbuHurairahinHadithliterature:
NarratedAbuHuraira:ThepeopleoftheScripture(Jews)usedtorecitetheTorahinHebrew
andtheyusedtoexplainitinArabictotheMuslims.OnthatAllah'sApostlesaid,"Donot
believethepeopleoftheScriptureordisbelievethem,butsay:"WebelieveinAllahandwhat
isrevealedtous."
MuhammadalBukhari,SahihalBukhari[47]
ThereforerelatingtoanyascriptionoftheScrollsofAbrahambythepeopleofthebookisnotrequired.

Burialplace
MuslimsbelievethatAbrahamwasburied,alongwithhiswifeSarah,attheCaveofthePatriarchsin
Hebron.KnowntoMuslimsastheSanctuaryofAbrahamitisalsothoughttobetheburialsiteofIsaac,his
wifeRebeccaandJacobandhiswifeLeah.

NarrativeintheQuran
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ReferencestoAbrahamintheQuran
TherearenumerousreferencestoAbrahamintheQuran,including,twice,totheScrollsofAbraham[48]in
thelatterpassage,itismentionedthatAbraham"fulfilledhisengagements?",[49]areferencetoallthetrials
thatAbrahamhadsucceededin.Inawholeseriesofchapters,theQuranrelateshowAbrahampreachedto
hiscommunityasayouthandhowhespecificallytoldhisfather,namedAzar,[50]toleaveidolworshipand
cometotheworshipofGod.[51]SomepassagesoftheQuran,
meanwhile,dealwiththestoryofhowGodsentangelstoAbraham
withtheannouncementofthepunishmenttobeimposeduponLot's
peopleinSodomandGomorrah.[52]Otherversesmentionthenear
sacrificeofAbraham'sson,[53]whosenameisnotgivenbutis
presumedtobeIshmaelasthefollowingversesmentionthebirthof
Isaac.[54]TheQuranalsorepeatedlyestablishesAbraham'sroleas
patriarchandmentionsnumerousimportantdescendantswhocame
throughhislineage,includingIsaac,[55]Jacob[56]andIshmael.[57]In
InthemosqueattheCaveofthe
thelaterchaptersoftheQuran,Abraham'srolebecomesyetmore
PatriarchsinHebron,thisgrate
prominent.TheQuranmentionsthatAbrahamandIshmaelwerethe
allowsvisitorstolookdownintothe
reformerswhosetuptheKabbainMeccaasacenterofpilgrimage
40footshaftleadingtotheground
formonotheism[58]TheQuranconsistentlyreferstoIslamas"the
levelofthecavewhereAbrahamand
[59]
ReligionofAbraham"(millatIbrahim) andAbrahamisgivena
Sarahareburied.
[60]
titleasHanif(ThePure,"trueinFaith"or"uprightman"). The
QuranalsomentionsAbrahamasonewhomGodtookasafriend(Khalil),[35]henceAbraham'stitlein
Islam,KhalilAllah(FriendofGod).Thetermisconsideredbysometobeaderivationofthepatriarch's
Hebrewtitle,KalEl(),whichmeans"voiceofGod".[61][62]OtherinstancesintheQuranwhichare
describedinaconcisemanneraretherescueofAbrahamfromthefireintowhichhewasthrownbyhis
people'[63][64]hispleadingforhisfather[65]hisquarrelwithanunrighteousandpowerfulking[66]andthe
miracleofthedeadbirds.[28]
AlltheseeventsandmorehavebeendiscussedwithmoredetailsinMuslimtradition,andespeciallyinthe
StoriesoftheProphetsandworksofuniversalIslamictheology.[67]Certainepisodesfromthelifeof
AbrahamhavebeenmoreheavilydetailedinIslamictext,suchastheargumentsbetweenAbrahamandthe
evilking,Nimrod,thenearsacrificeofhisson,andthestoryofHagarandIshmael,whichMuslims
commemoratewhenperformingpilgrimageinMecca.AnimportantIslamicreligiousholiday,EidalAdha,
commemoratesAbraham'swillingnesstosacrificehissonIshmaelasanactofobediencetoGod,before
Godintervenedtoprovidehimwithasheeptosacrificeinstead.[68]Insomecases,somebelievethese
legendsinIslamictextmayhaveinfluencedlaterJewishtradition.[69]

VersesintheQuran
Abraham'sattributes:2:124(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002
qmt.php#002.124),11:75123(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/011
qmt.php#011.075),16:120(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/016
qmt.php#016.120)
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Abraham'sreligion:2:130(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002
qmt.php#002.130),4:125(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/004
qmt.php#004.125),6:8384(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/006
qmt.php#006.083),6:161(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/006
qmt.php#006.161),9:114(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/009
qmt.php#009.114),11:74(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/011
qmt.php#011.074),12:6(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/012
qmt.php#012.006),16:120(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/016
qmt.php#016.120),19:41(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/019
qmt.php#019.041),19:47(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/019
qmt.php#019.047),21:51(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021
qmt.php#021.051),26:8385(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/026
qmt.php#026.083),29:27(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/029
qmt.php#029.027),37:84(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.084),37:88(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.088),37:104(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.104),37:109111(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.109),37:113(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.113),38:4547(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/038
qmt.php#038.045),43:28(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/043
qmt.php#043.028),53:37(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/053
qmt.php#053.037),57:26(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/057
qmt.php#057.026),60:4(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/060
qmt.php#060.004)
GodtriedAbraham:2:124(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002
qmt.php#002.124),37:102(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.102)
Abraham'spreaching:2:130231(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002
qmt.php#002.130),2:135136(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002
qmt.php#002.135),2:140(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002
qmt.php#002.140),3:6768(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/003
qmt.php#003.067),3:84(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/003
qmt.php#003.084),3:95(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/003
qmt.php#003.095),4:125(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/004
qmt.php#004.125),4:163(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/004
qmt.php#004.163),6:74(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/006
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qmt.php#006.074),6:7681(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/006
qmt.php#006.076),6:83(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/006
qmt.php#006.083),6:161(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/006
qmt.php#006.161),14:3537(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/014
qmt.php#014.035),14:40(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/014
qmt.php#014.040),21:52(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021
qmt.php#021.052),21:54(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021
qmt.php#021.054),21:5657(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021
qmt.php#021.056),21:67(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021
qmt.php#021.067),22:26(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/022
qmt.php#022.026),22:78(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/022
qmt.php#022.078),26:6973(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/026
qmt.php#026.069),26:75(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/026
qmt.php#026.075),26:7880(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/026
qmt.php#026.078),26:87(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/026
qmt.php#026.087),29:1617(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/029
qmt.php#029.016),29:25(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/029
qmt.php#029.025),37:83(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.083),37:8587(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.085),37:89(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.089),37:91(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.091),37:92(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.092),37:93(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.093),37:9496(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.094),43:2628(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/043
qmt.php#043.026),60:4(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/060
qmt.php#060.004)
DevelopmentoftheKaaba:2:127(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002
qmt.php#002.127)
Abraham'spilgrimage:2:128(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002
qmt.php#002.128),22:27(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/022
qmt.php#022.027)
AbrahamasGod'sfriend:4:125(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/004
qmt.php#004.125)
PunishmenttoAbraham'speople:9:70(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/009qmt.php#009.070)
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MovingtoSyam:21:71(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021
qmt.php#021.071),29:26(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/029
qmt.php#029.026)
Abraham,Hagar,andIsmael:14:37(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/014
qmt.php#014.037),37:101(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.101)
Dreamingofresurrectingadeadbody:2:260(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/002qmt.php#002.260)
ArguingwithNimrod:2:258(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002
qmt.php#002.258)
Abrahamandhisfather
Abrahampreachedtohisfather:6:74(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/006qmt.php#006.074),19:4245(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/019qmt.php#019.042),21:52(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/021qmt.php#021.052),26:70(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/026qmt.php#026.070),37:85(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/037qmt.php#037.085),43:26(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/043qmt.php#043.026)
Hisfather'sidolatry:6:74(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/006
qmt.php#006.074),26:71(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/026
qmt.php#026.071)
Abrahamaskedforgivenessforhisfather:14:41(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/014qmt.php#014.041),19:47(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/019qmt.php#019.047),60:4(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/060qmt.php#060.004)
Arguingwiththepeople:21:6263(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/021qmt.php#021.062),21:6566(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/021qmt.php#021.065)
Abrahammovedawayfromthepeople:19:4849(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/019qmt.php#019.048),29:26(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/029qmt.php#029.026),37:99(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/037qmt.php#037.099),43:26(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/043qmt.php#043.026),60:4(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/060qmt.php#060.004)
Abraham'swarningsfortheidols:21:5758(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/021qmt.php#021.057),21:60(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
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texts/quran/verses/021qmt.php#021.060),37:93(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/037qmt.php#037.093)
Thrownintothefire:21:68(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021
qmt.php#021.068),29:24(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/029
qmt.php#029.024),37:97(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.097)
Savedfromthefire:21:6970(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021
qmt.php#021.069),29:24(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/029
qmt.php#029.024),37:98(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037
qmt.php#037.098)
GoodnewsaboutIsaacandJacob:6:84(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/006qmt.php#006.084),11:69(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/011qmt.php#011.069),11:7172(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/011qmt.php#011.071),14:39(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/014qmt.php#014.039),15:53(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/015qmt.php#015.053),15:5455(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/015qmt.php#015.054),21:72(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/021qmt.php#021.072),29:27(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/029qmt.php#029.027),37:112(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/037qmt.php#037.112),51:2830(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/051qmt.php#051.028)
Dreamingofhisson'ssacrifice:37:102103(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious
texts/quran/verses/037qmt.php#037.102)

Seealso
BiblicalnarrativesandtheQuran
LegendsandtheQuran

Notes
1. ^Quran87:19(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/087qmt.php#087.019)
2. ^abSiddiqui,Mona."IbrahimtheMuslimviewofAbraham"
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/ibrahim.shtml).Religions(BBC).Retrieved3February
2013.
3. ^Quran2:124(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002qmt.php#002.124)
4. ^Quran16:120(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/016qmt.php#016.120)
5. ^ConciseEncyclopediaofIslam,C.Glasse,p.18

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam

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5. ^ConciseEncyclopediaofIslam,C.Glasse,p.18

6. ^ConciseEncyclopediaofIslam,C.Glasse,Kaaba
7. ^Quran2:128(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002qmt.php#002.128)
8. ^Prophet,Ibrahim."Father"(http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/ibrahim.htm).Islamicity.Retrieved31January
2013.
9. ^Ibrahim,Prophet."Father"(http://www.haqislam.org/prophetibrahim1/).HaqIslam.Retrieved31January
2013.
10. ^Geiger1898JudaismandIslam:APrizeEssay(http://books.google.com/books?
id=4d81AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA101&lpg=PA101&dq=Athar+was+easily+converted+into+the+Arabic+Azar&sourc
e=bl&ots=vCyGCqPS43&sig=raReUezQzjnug9rNNuEX7ZxSg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=A0JgUaTEC
nY0QHB7YHQAw&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Athar%20was%20easily%20converted%20into%20t
he%20Arabic%20Azar&f=false).,p.100
11. ^http://www.alahazrat.net/alquran/Quran/006/006_074_081.html
12. ^Lings,Martin."Muhammad".HouseofGodChap.I(cf.Index:"Abraham"),SuhailAcademyCo.
13. ^"Ibrahim".EncyclopediaofIslam,Onlineversion.
14. ^Quran11:75(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/011qmt.php#011.075)
15. ^Quran19:46(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/019qmt.php#019.046)
16. ^LivesoftheProphets,L.Azzam,SuhailAcademyCo.
17. ^http://www.aaronshep.com/stories/035.html
18. ^http://www.festivalsofindia.in/Deites/OtherReligions/Ibrahim.aspx
19. ^http://www.missionislam.com/comprel/ProphetIbrahim.htm
20. ^http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/ibrahim.htm
21. ^HistoryoftheProphetsandKings,Tabari,Vol.I:ProphetsandPatriarchs
22. ^http://www.islamicity.com/media/ancmts/docum1.htm
23. ^http://www.islamawareness.net/Prophets/ibrahim.html
24. ^Book1:TheProphetAbraham,HarunYahya,TheUnbelieverAdvisedByAbraham,Online.web.
25. ^Quran11:69(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/011qmt.php#011.069)
26. ^Book1:TheProphetAbraham,HarunYahya,AngelsWhoVisitedAbraham,Online.web.
27. ^Quran6:75(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/006qmt.php#006.075)
28. ^abQuran2:260(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002qmt.php#002.260)
29. ^Quran21:6870(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021qmt.php#021.068)
30. ^TheBookofCertainty,M.Lings,S.AcademyPublishing
31. ^StoriesoftheProphets,Kisa'i/Kathir,StoryofAbraham
32. ^Quran:Text,Translation,Commentary,AbdullahYusufAli,note.285
33. ^Quran:Text,Translation,Commentary,AbdullahYusufAli,note.2703
34. ^"Title"(http://www.answeringislam.org/Gilchrist/Vol2/4a.html).AnsweringIslam.Retrieved1February
2013.
35. ^abQuran4:125(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/004qmt.php#004.125)
36. ^Mecca:FromBeforeGenesisUntilNow,M.Lings.ArchetypeBooks
37. ^Isaiah41:8(http://tools.wmflabs.org/bibleversefinder/?book=Isaiah&verse=41:8&src=)and2Chronicles20:7
(http://tools.wmflabs.org/bibleversefinder/?book=2%20Chronicles&verse=20:7&src=)
38. ^James2:23(http://tools.wmflabs.org/bibleversefinder/?book=James&verse=2:23&src=)
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39. ^Mecca:FromBeforeGenesisUntilNow,M.Lings,pg.39,Archetype
40. ^ConciseEncyclopediaofIslam,C.Glasse,Kaaba,SuhailAcademy
41. ^AZofProphetsinIslamandJudaism,B.M.Wheeler,Abraham
42. ^Quran87:919(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/087qmt.php#087.009)
43. ^Quran53:3662(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/053qmt.php#053.036)
44. ^TafsirandCommentaryon87:1819&53:3637,AbdullahYusufAliandMuhammadAsad
45. ^Quran18:22(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/018qmt.php#018.022)
46. ^Quran18:13(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/018qmt.php#018.013)
47. ^SahihalBukhari,6:60:12(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/hadith/bukhari/060
sbt.php#006.060.012)
48. ^Quran87:1819(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/087qmt.php#087.018)and53:36
37(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/053qmt.php#053.036)
49. ^Quran53:37(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/053qmt.php#053.037)
50. ^Quran6:74(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/006qmt.php#006.074)
51. ^Quran37:8389(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037qmt.php#037.083),26:6889
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/026qmt.php#026.068),19:4150
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/019qmt.php#019.041),43:2628
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/043qmt.php#043.026),21:5173
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021qmt.php#021.051),29:1628
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/029qmt.php#029.016)and6:7484
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/006qmt.php#006.074)
52. ^Quran52:2434(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/052qmt.php#052.024),25:5160
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/025qmt.php#025.051),11:6976
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/011qmt.php#011.069)and29:31
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/029qmt.php#029.031)
53. ^Quran37:100111(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037qmt.php#037.100)
54. ^ConciseEncyclopediaofIslam,C.Glasse,Ishmael
55. ^Quran25:53(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/025qmt.php#025.053)
56. ^Quran29:49(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/029qmt.php#029.049),21:72
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021qmt.php#021.072),29:27
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/029qmt.php#029.027),6:84
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/006qmt.php#006.084),11:71
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/011qmt.php#011.071)and38:4547
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/038qmt.php#038.045)
57. ^Quran2:132133(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002qmt.php#002.132)
58. ^Quran2:123141(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002qmt.php#002.123),3:6568
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/003qmt.php#003.065),3:9597
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/003qmt.php#003.095),4:125
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/004qmt.php#004.125),4:2629
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/004qmt.php#004.026)and22:78
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/022qmt.php#022.078)
59. ^Quran2:135(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002qmt.php#002.135)
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59. ^Quran2:135(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002qmt.php#002.135)
60. ^Quran3:67(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/003qmt.php#003.067)
61. ^Weinstein,Simcha(2006).Up,Up,andOyVey!(1sted.).LeviathanPress.ISBN9781881927327
62. ^WorldJewishDigest(Aug,2006postedonline25July2006):"Superman'sOtherSecretIdentity",byJeff
Fleischer
63. ^Quran37:97(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/037qmt.php#037.097)and21:6870
(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021qmt.php#021.068)
64. ^21:5173(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/021qmt.php#021.051)
65. ^Quran28:47(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/028qmt.php#028.047)
66. ^Quran2:58(http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religioustexts/quran/verses/002qmt.php#002.058)
67. ^StoriesoftheProphets,IbnKathir,IbrahimTalesoftheProphets,Kisa'i,Ibrahim
68. ^DiversityCalendar:EidalAdha(http://www3.kumc.edu/diversity/ethnic_relig/eidaladha.html)Universityof
KansasMedicalCenter
69. ^J.Eisenberg,EI,Ibrahim

References
SaadAssel,Mary(2010).25IconsofPeaceintheQur'an:LessonsofHarmony
(http://books.google.com/books?
id=uwE06I3ID_IC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false).
iUniverse.p.244.ISBN9781440169014.
Mehar,IftikharAhmed(2003).AlIslam:InceptiontoConclusion(http://books.google.com/books?
id=O0gypGNaj3kC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false).
ALISLAM.p.240.ISBN9781410732729.
StoriesOfTheProphetsByIbnKathir(http://books.google.com/?
id=ls1fKaZFYtAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false).IslamicBooks.|first1=missing
|last1=inAuthorslist(help)

Lalljee,compiledbyYousufN.(1993).KnowyourIslam(http://books.google.com/?id=w
vyFztUEjAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false)(3rded.).NewYork:TaknikeTarsile
Quran.p.255.ISBN9780940368026.

Furtherreading
General
P.J.Bearman,Th.Bianquis,C.E.Bosworth,E.vanDonzel,W.P.Heinrichs(ed.).Encyclopaediaof
IslamOnline.BrillAcademicPublishers.ISSN15733912(https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1573
3912).
CyrilGlasse,ConciseEncyclopediaofIslam,Pgs.1819(Abraham),SuhailAcademy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam

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AbrahamandtheKaaba
MartinLings,Mecca:FromBeforeGenesisUntilNow,Archetype
LeilaAzzam,LivesoftheProphets,AbrahamandtheKaaba,SuhailAcademy
Abraham'slife
MuhammadibnJariralTabari,HistoryoftheProphetsandKings,Vol.II:ProphetsandPatriarchs
IbnKathir,StoriesoftheProphets,ChapterVI:StoryofAbraham

Externallinks
TheStoryoftheProphetIbrahim&HisWifeHajar(http://muslimways.com/library/islamic
history/storiesoftheprophets/thestoryoftheprophetibrahimhiswifehajar.html)
TheSacrificeOfAbraham:IsaacorIshmael?(http://www.islamic
awareness.org/Quran/Contrad/MusTrad/sacrifice.html)
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