IMPERIALISM

p. 345-350

Objectives
Explain the different forms of colonial control
Trace British rule in Nigeria
Summarize African resistance movements

Analyze the impact of colonial rule in Africa

A NEW PERIOD OF IMPERIALISM

Forms of Control
Form

Definition

Example

Colony

A country or territory governed internally by a foreign

power

Somaliland in East Africa was a French Colony

Protectorate

A country or a territory with its own internal

government, but under the control of an outside power

Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River

Delta

Sphere of Influence

An area in which an outside power claims exclusive

investment or trading privileges

Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United

States

Economic Imperialism

An Independent, but less-developed country controlled

by private business interests rather than other
governments

The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in

Hawaii

A NEW PERIOD OF IMPERIALISM

Methods of Management

Indirect Control

Local government officials used

Limited self-rule
Goal: to develop future leaders
Government institutions are based on European styles, but may have local rules

Examples:
British colonies, such as Nigeria, India, & Burma

U.S. Territories/Colonies on Pacific islands

A NEW PERIOD OF IMPERIALISM

Methods of Management (cont.)

Direct Control
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
Goal: assimilation local populations would adapt French culture and become like
the French
Government institutions are based only on European styles
Examples:
French colonies, such as Vietnam

German colonies, such as German East Africa

Which has more freedom, a colony or a protectorate?

Why?
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Which has more freedom, a colony or a protectorate?

Why?

Protectorate has its own government under foreign control

How might assimilation be considered less harsh than

paternalism?
Paternalism
A policy of treating subject
people as if they were
children, providing for their
needs, but not giving them
rights

How might assimilation be considered less harsh than

paternalism?
Paternalism
A policy of treating subject
people as if they were
children, providing for their
needs, but not giving them
rights

Assimilation does not deny peoples rights

to practice their own culture

CASE STUDY: NIGERIA

Gaining Control

Both through diplomatic and military

means
Royal Niger Company
Force was used to put down rebellions

In 1914 Britain claims all of Niger as a

colony

Managing the Colony

250 different ethnic groups

Hausa-Fulani
North Muslim
Yoruba
Southwest traditional religions
Igbo
Southeast traditional religions

Indirect Rule

Which of Nigerias 3 main ethnic groups would have

been most likely to unite?

The Igbo and Yoruba, since they shared both

religious and style of government.

Which of Nigerias 3 main ethnic groups would have

been most likely to unite?

The Igbo and Yoruba, since they shared both religious and style of
government.

Do you think direct rule would have worked better or worse

than indirect rule with the Hausa-Fulani?

Worse local officials probably would have resisted

Do you think direct rule would have worked better or worse

than indirect rule with the Hausa-Fulani?

Worse local officials probably would have resisted

AFRICAN RESISTANCE
Unsuccessful Movements

Active Resistance
Algeria
50 year movement vs French
West Africa
Samori Tour 16 fight with
a modernized army vs French

Passive Resistance
German East Africa (Tanzania)
Refused to plant cotton, rather than
their own food crops

Maji-Maji Rebellion
Believed sprinkling of magic water
would turn German bullets into water
Ancestors would return to life and aid
them
75,000 resistance fighters killed

AFRICAN RESISTANCE
Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance

Menelik II
Emperor of Ethiopia
Played the Italians, French, and British off
each other
Built up a large arsenal of modern weapon
a collection of weapons and military
equipment stored by a country, person,
or group

Battle of Adowa
Italians vs Ethiopians
Ethiopians defeat the Italians and
maintain their independence
Continue to stockpile modern
weapons

Why do you think Africans resisted imperialism despite the superiority of

European military technology?

They were fighting to retain their own

land and way of life

What strategy allowed Ethiopia to resist European dominance?

Pitting the European powers against

each other

THE LEGACY OF COLONIAL RULE

Negative Effects

Positive Effects

Land

Lost control of their land

Warfare

Less local warfare

Death

Many, many died of diseases and in

resistance to Europeans

Aid

Humanitarian aid help improve

sanitation and provide hospitals
and school

Famines

Resulted from the change to cash crops

Lifespan

Improvement in life expectancy

and literacy rates

Culture

Contempt for the traditional culture

Economic
Growth

Railroads, dams, telephone, and

telegraph lines built

Admiration of European life

Undermining of stable society