Madison McCarty

Dr. MacDonald
English 101
November 19, 2014
Aquarium Research: An Annotated Bibliography

"About AZA." Assoiation of Zoos and Aquariums. AZA, n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2014.
This website is about the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in the US. This give the background and
mission of the AZA organization which regulates zoos and aquarium under strict guidelines
both for the care of the animals and the goals of the aquarium involving conservation and
education.
This site is relevant in describe the type of institution observed for the ethnography research.
Adler, Jerry. "Swimming in Limbo." Smithsonian 45.3 (2014): 72. Ebsco Host. Web.
18 Nov. 2014.
The article discusses the adverse effects of captivity on beluga whales following the public impact of the
documentary film "Blackfish." Emphasis is given to a lawsuit against the U.S. National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration by institutions led by the Georgia Aquarium to import beluga
whales from Russia.
This general read periodical source is valuable because it briefly describes an extremely controversial
topic of marine life in captivity. It is not scholarly but it does provide an opinionated but also
supported view. The author, Jerry Adler, does not have listed qualifications but he has written
multiple periodicals for Smithsonian, Newsweek, and Scientific American.
This article is relevant because it provide specific insight on an example of a situation where aquariums
are not doing their job as far conservation, in this case these aquariums are doing more harm than
good to the wildlife. This type of article is valuable as showing variety in my research.
"Blackfish: Truth about the Movie." SeaWorld. SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment,
n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2014.
This site provides a view from SeaWorld's side, against the film Blackfish which describes SeaWorld as
harmful to its marine mammals.
This site is relevant in supporting the opposite side of a biased documentary which helps round out the
argument presented in the paper.
Boerst, Tasha. E-mail interview. 28 Nov. 2014.

This interview provided insight about what Tasha, a Wittenberg graduate, currently does on a daily
basis for her job at Discovery Kingdom. She discusses her opinions on the film Blackfish,
misconceptions of aquariums, and her future goals in the field.
This interview was extremely valuable in connecting research with actual events experienced by those
who work in the marine field.
Dunlap, Dan. Personal interview. 26 Nov. 2014.
This interview provided insight about what goes on in an aquarium. specifically Newport Aquarium, to
engage and educate patrons. Dan is a the program manager and organizes multiple educational
events that go on at Newport. He also provides opinions on misconceptions of aquariums are
well as personal goals involving his position.
This interview was extremely valuable in connecting research with actual things that go on in this local
aquarium.
Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, ed. "Aquarium." Encyclopedia Britannica
Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2014.
This website discussed the origin of public aquariums and how and where they were first established.
The first public aquarium was in Regent's Park in London which is now known as the London
zoo. But aquariums existed in homes dating back 4,500 years ago. This source is through the
Encyclopedia Britannica and it is valuable to providing background about the aquariums
involved in the research.
Knickerbocker, Brad. "'Free Willy' Snared in a Legal Tangle." Christian Science
Monitor 89.229 (1997): 4. EBSCO Host. Web. 13 Dec. 2014.
This article looks at the legal battle being waged over Keiko the killer whale, who was the marine star of
the movie `Free Willy.' It discusss the Free Willy Keiko Foundation and its plans to release
Keiko, as well as the Oregon Coast Aquarium in Newport, Oregon, where Keiko is being held
prior to his release. There are possible health concerns, questions about whether Keiko could
survive in the wild, and attempts to determine who has custody of Keiko.
This news article written by Knickerbocker is relevant in exemplifying current issues faced by
aquariums and the debate of whether or not to release those mammals in captivity back out into
the wild.
MacDonald, Nancy. "Too Big to Tank." Maclean's 123.35 (2010): 26-27. EBSCO Host.
Web. 13 Dec. 2014.
The article discusses the increasing support for ending the practice of keeping whales in captivity in
Vancouver's aquarium despite government funding for improvements to the facility. Topics
include an overview of the death of a baby beluga whale named Nala, which sparked a local
debate regarding whales in captivity, the aquariums pioneering research, and the
physiological impact on captive marine mammals.

This periodical source, by Macdonald, author in Canadian magazine, Mclean's, is valuable because it
provides a clear argument with evidence as to why the aquarium business involves many
controversial issues. Specifically the money they will spend and the extent they will go to
bring these profit increasing creatures into the aquarium.
This article is relevant because it helps highlight a point in the paper about the negative impact
aquariums can have on the marine life within. This will help emphasize the two different
controversial opinions on the importance of aquariums.
Matthews, Dan. "The Shame of Atlanta Pride." Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide 20.6
(2013): 5. Ebsco Host. Web. 18 Nov. 2014.
The Gay Pride party is held at the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta, Georgia on behalf of the animal rights
organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). The article discusses the
visual discomfort he saw through the wildlife in the aquarium and also specifically mentioned
conversations about how these animals are not being treated well.
This source is a valuable scholarly article from the author, Dan Matthews, who is senior vice president
at PETA. This is a general read designed to bring awareness of the negative impact of humans
and aquariums on wildlife.
This article is relevant because it expresses a sense of irony in the fact that a celebration of freedom is
taking place in an aquarium that holds wild creatures captive. This aquarium specifically has
very poor standards of living conditions for the wildlife within it. This is a strong article
exemplifying how this particular aquariums priority is not the ethical treatment of animals.
Newport Aquarium. Observation. 26 Nov. 2014.
This observation was carried out in the Newport Aquarium in Newport, Kentucky. Patrons and their
interacts with the exhibit were observed, as well as patrons interaction with each other, specific
design if exhibit, common age groups, and other visual observations.
This observation further connect the research and interview to a more visual aspect of what is being
discussed within the paper.
Stiassny, Melanie L. J. "Saving Nemo." Natural History 113.2 (2004): 50-55.
EBSCO Host. Web. 18 Nov. 2014.
This article discusses the potential function of aquariums in the preservation and conservation of aquatic
animals. History of fish keeping, popularity of fishes kept as pets, and advantage of large public
aquariums.
This periodical article is valuable because this general read provides a deep aspect of the history of
aquariums along with its advantages and disadvantages. Over all brings about awareness to a
controversial topic through multiple points.
This article is relevant because it is yet another positive interpretation of aquariums as long as they
follow guidelines. It provides a history of where keeping fish first began while it expresses its
advantages and disadvantages. This is useful in adding depth to my research.

Reinsel, Kathleen. Personal interview. 21 Nov. 2014.

This interview was with Dr. Reinsel, the marine science professor at Wittenberg. She outlined
her journey to research her current position, discussed opinions of aquariums she had
experienced, and described common misconceptions of the marine field.
This interview was valuable in bring to awareness negative reaction patrons can have if no provided the
correct educational information when visiting an aquarium. This idea supports one side of an
opinion discussed in the paper.