World Cultures 11

Unit III: Latin America

Name: Joshua Kunicki

Date: 12-15-14

LATIN AMERICAN PEOPLES WIN INDEPENDENCE

Directions: After reading the document below, please answer the following questions completely and
thoroughly in complete sentence format.
Background Question:
1. What three factors motivated the people of Latin America to rebel against their European
controllers?
The enlightenment ideas, unable to hold office, and the social class system.
Haitian Independence
1. Who controlled the colony of Haiti and what two leaders were responsible for their
independence?
French controlled the colony of Haiti. Toussaint LOuverture and Jean-Jacques
Dessalines were the two leaders responsible for their independence.
2. Why were they able to win their independence so quickly and easily?
Toussaint freed all of the slaves and the vast number of slaves overwhelmed the French.
3. How was this movement for independence different from revolutions in the rest of Latin
America? [You will have to answer this question after reading the entire document.]
This was the only independence movement that did not involve the creoles.
Viceroyalty of Peru
1. Identify and explain the specific events on the European continent affected the movement for
independence in Peru.
Napoleon took over Spain and overthrew the King in Spain. The Creoles took this chance to rebel and
become the leaders.
2. The movement from independence was spearheaded by what two creoles. Who were they and
explain how they were able to gain it.
Simn Bolvar and Jos de San Martn were the two leaders. They both led an army against the
spaniards.
3. What name did they give to the independent viceroyalty?
They called it Gran Colombia.
Viceroyalty of New Spain
1. How did the movement for independence differ from that of Peru?

The Ethnic and racial groups moved more freely. Also in New Spain the Indians and the mestizos played
the leading role.
2. The movement began with the leadership of what two leaders? Explain their rebellion and its
successes/failures.
Miguel Hidalgo, who is the priest of a church, rung his bells and called for a rebellion against the
spanish. The next day 80,000 people march as an unruly army and took the spanish by surprise however
the spanish beat their army.
Jos Mara Morelos, another priest, ran the rebellion for the next 4 years, however in the end they
were defeated by a creole officer.
3. Ironically, a creole DID eventually was successful in gaining freedom from Spain. Who was he,
and why did favor independence in 1820 when he did not earlier?
Agustn de Iturbide, the man who beat the second priest, was the leader of this new revolutionary
movement. he helped now because the creoles were afraid of losing their privileges to the spanish.
4. What government/title did this liberator give the newly independent viceroyalty?
What happened to his government?
the United Provinces of Central America
Brazil
1. Why was this colony governed differently than the Spanish colonies just prior to independence?
It was governed by the portuguese not the Spanish
2. How did the movement for independence differ in this Portuguese colony than those of the
Spanish colonies?
It was different because there was no violence and the royal family helped them get their
independence.