Olivia Hinojosa

Mr.Munoz
English DC 5th
10-29-14
Annotated Bibliography
Carr, Catherine, et al. "Group Music Therapy For Patients With Persistent Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder - An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial With Mixed Methods
Evaluation." Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice 85.2 (2012):
179-202.
Academic Search Complete. Web. 28 Oct. 2014.

This article was made to test the differences that musical therapy may have on patients with post
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In previous experiments, the article stated that cognitive
behavioral therapy does not always help with PTSD patients, and that MT (music therapy) might.
The results supported that statement and patients with PTSD responded to music therapy as help
with their disorder.

This article is helpful because it provides an example of support for the claim that music reduces
stress levels in people. The way the test is run and its results help with the research needed to
prove that music is related to lower stress levels in both PTSD patients and any human being.

Chlan, Linda, L., William, C. Engeland, and Kay Savik. "Does Music Influence Stress In
Mechanically Ventilated Patients?." Intensive & Critical Care Nursing 29.3 (2013): 121127. CINAHL Complete. Web. 28 Oct. 2014.

This article offers one study of ventilated patients in the ICU. For the experiment, they had
ventilated patients choose a song of their choice from a playlist and had them listen to it with

headphones while being connected to a ventilator. They then tested their urinary tracts and
monitored their stress level changes. The results concluded in another agreement with the claim
that music reduces stress level.

This article is helpful because it offers a full experiment and results that comply with the claim
that music reduces stress level. The songs that the patients picked themselves offered more of a
anti-stress mechanism then a song that was picked by another person.

Ferrer, Eileen, et al. Playing Music to Relieve Stress In A College Classroom Environment.
College Student Journal 48.3 (2014): 481. MasterFILE Premier.Web. 28 Oct. 2014.

This article offers insight on the effects of Music Therapy. Music Therapy has been proven to be
important through several previous experiments mentioned in this article. There is a discussion
included about the aftermath of an experiment of Music Therapy. Multiple examples of how
Music Therapy can be used to help people is given and supported by experiments. The main
experiment of this article was done on college students. They gathered some students, asked their
favorite songs, and had them listen to them while working. The students were then asked how
their music effected their feelings towards the stress they were having during class. The results
showed that music did reduce stress level in college students environment.

This article is helpful in agreeing with the claim that music reduces stress level in people. This
article gives results of numerous experiments done prior to the main experiment of the article.
There was not enough information available to express why music reduced the stress levels in
the college students.

Kushnir, Jonathan, et al. "Coping With Preoperative Anxiety In Cesarean Section: Physiological,
Cognitive, And Emotional Effects Of Listening To Favorite Music." Birth:
Issues In
Perinatal Care 39.2 (2012): 121-127. CINAHL Complete. Web. 28 Oct. 2014

This article offers another experiment that relates and supports the claim that music reduces
stress levels. This article explains the experiment of having pregnant women who are about to

have a C-section listen to music. Some women are allowed to listen to the music of their choice
before they go into surgery and some are controlled and are not allowed to listen to any music
before surgery. They asked the women and the ones who had music had less stress going into
their surgery than the ones with no music did.

This article is -helpful because it supports the claim that music reduces stress levels. The article
said that music produced positive emotions and proved a reduction in systolic blood pressure in
the women. The results were more than just a positive reduction in stress level, the women who
listened to music had fewer complications in surgery and had a quicker recovery.

Mohammadi, Ali Zadeh, Tanaze Shahabi, and Fereshteh Moradi Panah. "An Evaluation Of The
Effect
Of Group Music Therapy On Stress, Anxiety And Depression Levels In
Nursing
Home Residents." Canadian Journal Of Music Therapy 17.1 (2011): 55-68. Academic
Search Complete. Web. 28 Oct. 2014.

This article tested the effects music had on the elderly in a nursing home. Half of the nursing
home would engage in music sessions that lasted about 90 minutes every day for ten weeks. The
control group would just engage in regular daily physical activity. After testing they came to the
conclusion that the music, instruments, and singing made the elderly think back into their lives
and their childhoods; bringing back fond memories. With these happy memories they felt less
anxiety, stress, and depression.

This article is helpful because it offers yet another example of music being effective in reducing
stress levels. This article focuses on the elderly and their response to music as well. It brings
back memories and causes the brain to remember their childhoods. Bringing back the memories
the elderly became happy and struggled less with depression, stress, and anxiety.

Thoma, M.V., et al. "Listening To Music And Physiological And Psychological Functioning:
The Mediating Role Of Emotion Regulation And Stress Reactivity." Psychology &

Health 27.2 (2012): 227-241.CINAHL Complete. Web. 28 Oct. 2014.

This article offers insight on the idea that habitual music listening effects the levels of stress. It
goes into depth of numerous other experiments related to the topic of the article. This article
results in the claim that habitual music listening is not obviously linked to physiological and
psychological function.

This article is helpful because it adds to the claim that music does not result in reducing stress
levels. Habitual listening of music has no real changes in the brain and body of human beings.

Tseng, Y, C Chen, and CS Lee. "Effects Of Listening To Music On Postpartum Stress And
Anxiety Levels." Journal Of Clinical Nursing 19.7-8 (2010): 1049-1055. CINAHL
Complete. Web. 28 Oct. 2014.

This article offers a detailed experiment on women in postpartum. They tested two groups, one
that listened to music for an hour a week while receiving postpartum care, and a control group
that only revived postpartum care. They tested the stress levels of these women and they
concluded that the predesigned music selection that these women had to listen to did not have
any effect on their stress levels.

This article is not very helpful. The one thing that is however, is the fact that this article is
opposing the claim that music reduces stress levels in humans.

Yehuda, Nechama. "Music And Stress." Journal Of Adult Development 18.2 (2011): 85-94.
Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 28 Oct. 2014.

This article offers a history and background of music and where its roots are located. The article
explains how it intrigued philosophers to understand the effects of music. It goes back all the
way to Greek mythology and how they believed in musical therapy. The article touches on

music's effect on the brain, the immune system, and the heart. They studied biochemistry and
brain waves that corresponded with listening to music in stressful situations. Finally the article
offers the application of music to stress management.

This article is helpful because it not only shows how music is good for stress levels, but it offers
a paragraph that supports the idea that music can be used as a weapon and can even be the cause
of stress. It is important to have two sides when researching a topic, especially one that effects
the psychology of a human being. This article gives scientific evidence of the neurological and
physiological effects music can have on stress in the body.

much better! 94