28 28) 236 THE MAURYAN PERIOD < 280-281) showing his respect for Sivaism : he replaced the old enclosure of the Vijayesvara shrine at Vijabron by a stone wall and enriched the sanc- tuary with two new temples which received the name of Agokesvara; he made a pilgrimage to the holy Mount Haramukuta where he gained the favour of Siva Bhitteéa : the god granted him a son, Jalauka, who was destined to fight the Mlecchas who threatened the frontiers of the kingdom, In the Kasmirian chronicle, jalauka is presented as a popular hero : he repulsed the Mlecchas, undertook vast conquests, introduced new colonies into Kasmir and for the first time organized a complete system of administration. Having been instructed in the Sivaite religion byhe holy Avadhiita, the “destroyer of Buddhist theoreticians”, he became the official protector of the sanctuaries of Siva Vijayesvara and Nandisa However, after opposing Buddhism, he adopted a more fricndly attitude thanks to the intervention of a Buddhist enchantress, in memory of whom he built the Krtyasrama Vihara (Rajar., I, 108-52). If there is any historical truth in this tradition, it seems to be submerged under a spate of anachronisms. f. — ASoka and Nepal®° We have already seen, from the evidence of the Asokavadana, how in his youth the emperor had had to quell an uprising in KhaSa. The historian Taranatha (p. 27) states that the rebellious movement extended to the hill-people of Nepal : the young prince easily mastered them and instituted taxes and tributes. The edicts of Rummindei and Nigali Sagar Prove that Nepal formed part of the imperial states, and that Agoka went there in person to pay homage to the birthplace of the Buddha and the stupa of Kaunakamuni. The Nepalese tradition adds that the pilgrimage made by Asoka went as far as Nepal, that the king founded the town of Patan, two miles to the south-east of Kathmandu, and built five caityas, one in the centre and four on the periphery of the new city. The first still exists today : it is a stipa of an archaic type. On this journey, ASoka was probably accompanied by his daughter Carumati, who was to marry a Nepalese ksatriya named Devapala, The young couple settled in Nepal, where they founded the town of Deopatan: *° We have merely Teproduced here the information supplied by S. Livi, Le Nepal, Paris, 1905-08, Vol. I, pp. 67, 223; Il, pp. 24, 336; II, p. 161 sq.; Cambridge History. Pp. 501-2; N. Sasrri, ge of the Nandas, p. 221. However, the two scientific expeditions led by G. Tucct will shortly add to our knowledge on the subject. In the interim, see G. Tucct, Preliminary Report on two scientific Expeditions in Nepal, Rome, 1956.