Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
NETWORKANALYSIS
OFPROJECT
Jaswar
NavalArchitectureandOffshore
Mechanical Engineering
MechanicalEngineering
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
ProjectManagement
P
j M
CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM)
CRITICALPATHMETHOD(CPM)
NETWORKANALYSISOFPROJECT
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
NetworkAnalysis
ofProjectsandCPM
fP j
d CPM
o TheCriticalPathMethod(CPM)isoneofseveral
(
)
relatedtechniquesfordoingprojectplanning.
o CPMisforprojectsthataremadeupofanumber
of individual "activities
ofindividual"activities.
o CPMcanhelpyoufigureout:
1 howlongyourcomplexprojectwilltaketocomplete
1.
how long your complex project will take to complete
2. whichactivitiesare"critical,"meaningthatthey
havetobedoneontimeorelsethewholeproject
will take longer
willtakelonger
o CPManalysisstartsafterfiguringoutallthe
p j
individualactivitiesinaproject.
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
Time Sol in
TimeSolving
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
8.
9.
E(earliesteventoccurencetime)
(
)
L(Latesteventoccurencetime)
ES(earliestactivitystarttime)
EF(earliestactivityfinishtime)
LS(latestactivitystarttime)
LF(latestactivityfinishtime)
t(activitydurationtime)
TS (T l Sl k i )
TS(TotalSlacktime)
FS(Freeslacktime)
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
Ho to Calc late
HowtoCalculate
1 Projecthasonlyoneinitialevent(start)and
1.
Project has only one initial event (start) and
oneterminalevent(finish).
2 Theinitialeventiszero.
2.
The initial event is zero
3. ThelatestterminaleventisLS=ES.
o Forwardcomputation
Start(initialevent,ES) to (terminalevent,EF)
o Backwardcomputation
FinishtoStarttoidentifythelatestfinish(LF)andLatest
Start (LS)
Start(LS)
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
E tC
EventComponents
t
aa=no.event
no.event
b=earliestevent (E)
andearliestStart (ES)
( )
basedonforward
computation
c=latestevent (L)dan
latestStart(LS)based
onbackward
b k
d
computation
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
Example:1
Step1:Listtheactivities
CPManalysisstarts
y
whenyouhavea
tableshowingeach
activity in your
activityinyour
project.Foreach
activity,youneedto
k
knowwhichother
h h h
activitiesmustbe
donebeforeit
starts,andhowlong
theactivitytakes.
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
St 3 S t th CPM
Step3:SetuptheCPMspreadsheet
dh t
1. Type
Typetheword
the word "Activities"
Activities and
and Names
Namesoftheactivities
of the activities..
2. Type"Nodes:activity'sstartnode wherethetailof
itsarrowis.Belowthat,activity'sendnode wherethe
headofitsarrowis.Typethewords"Start"and"End.
3. Type"Times".Typethetimeeachactivitytakes.Then,
selecttherangeofcellscontainingthenodenumbers
l
h
f ll
i i
h
d
b
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
St 4 Fi d th P th
Step4:FindthePaths
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
10
St 5 P t th
Step5:Pastethepathintospreadsheet
th i t
dh t
Calculatethe
paths'times
Identifythe
criticalpath
ii l
h
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
11
St 6 Fi d th C iti l P th
Step6:FindtheCriticalPath
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
12
Fi d th C iti l P th ?
FindtheCriticalPath?
Activities
i
1
2
2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
5
6
www.utm.my
Time (Day)
t
2
5
3
6
4
3
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
13
E li t St t d Fi i h
EarliestStartandFinish
1. FirstRule:E(1)=0
2. SecondRule
EF(12)=ES(12)+t
=0+2=2
EF(23)=ES(23)+t
=2+5=7
EF(24)=ES(24)+t
=2+3=5
2 3 5
EF(35)=ES(35)+t
=7+6=13
EF(45)=ES(45)+t
EF(4 5) = ES(4 5) + t
=5+4=9
EF(56)=ES(56)+t
=13
13 +3
+ 3 =16
16
Activities
Earliest Time
Time (Day)
t
Start
(ES)
Finish
(EF)
13
13
16
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
14
Sl k Ti
SlackTime
LS(56)=LF(56)
( )
( ) t
=16 3=13
LS(45)=LF(45) t
=13 4=9
LS(35)=LF(35) t
=13
13 6=7
6 7
LS(24)=LF(24) t
= 7 3=4
=7
3=4
LS(23)=LF(23) t
=7 5=2
Activities
i
(1)
1
2
2
3
4
5
(2)
2
3
4
5
5
6
www.utm.my
Time
(Day)
(t)
(3)
2
5
3
6
4
3
Earliest
Start
Finish
(ES)
(EF)
(4)
(5)
0
2
2
7
2
5
7
13
5
9
13
16
Latest
Start
Finish
(LS)
(LF)
(6)
(7)
0
2
2
7
6
9
7
13
9
13
13
16
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
15
Sl k Ti
SlackTime
Activities
Earliest
Latest
Start
(ES)
Finish
(EF)
Start
(LS)
Finish
(LF)
TOTAL
SLACK
(TS)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
13
13
13
13
16
13
16
Time (Day)
(t)
(1)
(2)
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
16
Class Work
ClassWork
Activities
Description
Time
(week)
Predecessor
Design Notebook
21
Make Prototype
Evaluation Prototype
T t Prototype
Test
P t t
C,D
C,D
E, F
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
17
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
18
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
19
Slack Time
SlackTime
TS=LS
TS
LS ESor
ES or LF
LF EF
Activity,A=(0 0)atau(21 21)=0
Activity,
Activity B=(21
B = (21 21)atau(26
21) atau (26 26)=0
26) = 0
Activity, C=(21 21)atau(28 28)=0
Activity,
A ti it D=(26
D (26 26)atau(28
26) t (28 28)=0
28) 0
Activity, E=(28 28)atau(36 33)=3
Activity, F=(28 28)atau(36 36)=0
Activity, G=(36 36)atau(38 38)=0
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
20
Crashpoint
Normalpoint
Normal
cost
Time
CrashTime
www.utm.my
NormalTime
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
21
Predecessor
Normal
Crash
Normal
Crash
10.000
11.000
6.000
9.000
4.000
6.000
14 000
14.000
18 000
18.000
B,C
9.000
9.000
7.000
8.000
E, F
13.000
25.000
D, E
11.000
18.000
H, G
20.000
19.000
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
22
Q estions
Questions
1 Determinerequiredtimeandcostforthis
1.
Determine required time and cost for this
project
2 Determinefreeandtotalslackstime
2.
Determine free and total slacks time
3. Ifwewanttodecrease3weeks,determine
whichactivitiestobeshortanddetermine
hi h i i i
b h
dd
i
totalcost.
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
23
Ans er No 1
AnswerNo.1
CriticalPaths:A,B,D,H,I
Criticalnodes:1 2 3 5 8 9
Requiredtotaltime22weeks
Requiredtotalamount:10.000+6.000+4.000+14.000+9.000+7.000+13.000+
11 000 + 20 000 =$94.000
11.000+20.000
$ 94 000
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
24
TotalSlackforC:9
Total
Slack for C : 9 7=2
7=2
FreeslackforC:7 4 2=1
Activities
Total Slack
Free Slack
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
25
Slope
500
3000
2000
2000
1000
6000
2333
9000
Acanbedecreased2weeks(4
b d
d2
k (
2)
20weeks,amount:$94.000+(22 20)500=
$95.000
$95
000
ThesmallestslopeafterA isDabout1week (5
4).
4)
19weekswithamount:$95.000+(20 19)2.000
$97 000
=$97.000
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
26
Home ork 1
Homework.1
Activities
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
Predecessor
A
A
B,C
,
B
D
D
E,F,G
E,F
H
H,I
J,K
L
M
N
Required time
(
(weeks)
)
9
7
3
6
8
5
9
7
8
5
2
4
6
3
8
a. Requiredtimetocompletetheproject
b CriticalPath
b.
Critical Path (CPM
c. Slacktimeforeachactivities
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
27
Home ork 2
Homework.2
Activities
Determinenormaltimeandcost
Determine normal time and cost
Determinecrashtimeandcost
www.utm.my
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Crash
3
6
4
7
2
4
3
6
Amount
($)
Normal
Crash
210
280
400
560
500
600
540
600
500
1100
150
240
150
150
600
750
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
28
Home ork 3
Homework.3
Amount
($)
Crash
Normal
Crash
12
1000
1500
23
2000
4000
24
2500
3500
35
1500
2500
45
6000
12000
56
2000
5000
Iftheprojecttobecompletedwithin12weeks,
please estimate required minimum cost ?
pleaseestimaterequiredminimumcost?
www.utm.my
Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
29