CU HI N TP MN HA THC PHM

1. Amino acid/Protein
Cu to chung, tnh cht, cch phn loi amino acid. Tn vit tt ca cc amino acid (3 ch ci &
1 ch ci).
Cho bit thnh phn v tnh cht ca mch nhnh R ca cc amino acid (acid, baz, vng
thm..).
Khi nim acid amin thit yu v khng thit yu. K tn mt s acid amin thit yu i vi con
ngi.
Peptide: s hnh thnh v cu trc ca lin kt peptide. V lin kt peptide gia 2 amino acid.
Xc nh u N v u C ca mt polypeptide. Cch gi tn mt polypeptide.
Cho bit bn bc cu trc ca protein v cc tng tc n nh chng.
Cc loi cu trc bc hai ph bin. M t tng loi cu trc, v tr ca lin kt hydro. Cc loi
amino acid tiu biu ca tng loi cu trc bc hai.
Chc nng, tnh cht chung ca protein. Phn lai protein.
Tnh lng tnh v im ng in ca protein.
Protein b bin tnh bi cc yu t no? Phn bit bin tnh thun nghch v khng thun nghch.
Glucid
Cng thc cu to chung ca glucid. Phn bit cc loi ng: aldose, ketose, triose, pentose,
hexose, pyranose, furanose?
Cu to v tnh cht ca monosaccharid. Vit cng thc cu to ca glucose? Mannose? Ribose?
Galactose? Ribulose? Fructose? Lactose? Sucrose? Maltose? (cng thc mch thng, mch
vng).
Cu to v tnh cht ca mt s polysaccharide (tinh bt, cellulose, glycogen, pectin, agar,
chitosan)
Trnh by nhng khc bit quan trng gia amylose v amylose pectin (kch thc, cu trc,
ha tan). Cu trc bc 2 ca amylose.
CH2OH

Cho mt loi ng c cng thc nh sau:

y l ng aldose hay ketose? Pentose hay hexose?
Dang mch vng ca ng ny l furanose hay
pyranose? Cu hnh quang hc (D hay L; hay ).

O
HO
H
HO

H
OH
H
CH2OH

Lipid
Trnh by cu to, tnh cht, chc nng ca cc nhm cht lipid: acid bo, triacylglycerols,
phospholipids, Sphingolipid.
Cch vit tt cho tn acid bo. Phn bit acid bo bo ha v khng bo ha.
Cu to, tnh cht cng ngh ca lipid (phn ng thy phn, phn ng x phng ha, phn ng
chuyn este ha, phn ng hydrogen ha, s nh tng ha lipid).
Cc ch s c trng ca lipid (ch s Iod, ch s x phng ha.)

Enzyme
Bn cht, tnh cht, trung tm hot ng ca Enzyme. Phn loi enzyme. Cch gi tn enzyme.
Cc yu t nh hng n hot ng ca enzyme.
Trnh by v nu ngha ca phng trnh Michaelis-Menten.
Tnh c hiu ca enzyme. Cht hat ha v c ch enzyme.
Trao i cht
Chu trnh ng phn (glycolysis) Embden Mayehoff:

Cc phn ng trong tin trnh ng phn EM (10 bc/phn ng)

C cht v sn phm ca mi bc.
Cc enzyme tham gia phn ng (c ch xc tc)
Nng lng c sinh ra
iu ha chu trnh ng phn

Oxy ha pyruvate thnh acetyl CoA.

Chu trnh Krebs (TCA)

Cc phn ng
C cht v sn phm ca mi bc
Khi no CO2 c sinh ra
Nng lng c sinh ra
iu ha chu trnh Krebs

-oxy ha cht bo.

Sinh tng hp protein trong m bo ng vt.
Chui h hp m bo: c im, mc ch, enzyme v s chui h hp.