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Ratio
Proportion
Odds
Rate
What, who is in the denominator ? ???
Ratio
The quotient of 2 numbers
Numerator not necessarily included in the
denominator
Allows to compare quantities of different nature
Ranges between 0 and infinity
= 5 / 2 = 2.5 / 1
Ratio, Examples
Number of beds per doctor
850 beds/10 doctors
= 85 beds for 1 doctor
Number of students per teacher
Number of foetal deaths per number of live births (foetal death ratio)
Sex ratio: Male / Female
Female / Male
Proportion
The quotient of 2 numbers
Numerator necessarily included
in the denominator
Quantities have to be of same nature
Proportion always ranges between 0 and 1
Percentage = proportion x 100
2 / 4 = 0.5 = 50%
Odds
Probability that an event will happen
Probability that an event will not happen
OR
Probability
1- Probability
Rate
Numerator
- number EVENTS observed for a given time
Denominator
- population in which the events occur (population at risk)
- includes time
Observed in 2005
2
----- = 0.02 / year
100
PREVALENS
Prevalensi : jumlah kasus (baru & lama)
pada populasi tertentu pada periode
tertentu pd wkt ttt
Prevalens rate :
jml kasus (baru&lama) pd periode ttt
jml penduduk yg berisiko pd periode ttt
x 1000
Menurunkan prevalens
Penderita sembuh
meningkat
INSIDEN
Insiden : jml kasus baru pd populasi ttt
pd waktu ttt
Insiden rate :
Jml kasus baru selama periode ttt______
x 1000
Jml penduduk yang berisiko pd periode tsb
Contoh :
Di suatu SD jml murid sebanyak 300 orang,
selama 1 tahun tdp 27 anak menderita diare.
Insiden = 27;
Insiden rate = 27/300 x 1000 = 90 per 1000
Bila diketahui jml murid pd tgl 1 Jan 2013
adalah 300 & pd tgl 31 Des 2013 adalah 320,
maka population at risk = (300+320):2 = 310