INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTING
Lecture 1

Instructor: Ghazanfar Latif

CHAPTER 1:
OVERVIEW OF COMPUTERS AND
PROGRAMMING
PROBLEM SOLVING & PROGRAM DESIGN IN C

SIXTH EDITION
BY JERI R. HANLY &
ELLIOT B. KOFFMAN
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COMPUTER HISTORY
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FIGURE 0.1 IBM INTRODUCED THE SYSTEM/360 FAMILY OF

BUSINESS MAINFRAME COMPUTERS IN 1964. (COURTESY OF
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. UNAUTHORIZED USE NOT PERMITTED.)

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HTTP://WWW.APPLE.COM/30-YEARS/
Exactly Thirty years ago (January 24, 1984), Apple introduced the
Macintosh (First Desktop Computer)

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OVERVIEW OF COMPUTERS
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FIGURE 1.1
THE INTEL ATOM PROCESSOR
CHIP CONTAINS THE FULL
CIRCUITRY OF A CENTRAL
PROCESSING UNIT IN AN
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT WHOSE
SMALL SIZE AND LOW POWER
REQUIREMENTS MAKE IT SUITABLE
FOR USE IN MOBILE INTERNET
DEVICES.

(INTEL CORPORATION
PRESSROOM PHOTO ARCHIVES)

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FIGURE 1.2
(A) NOTEBOOK COMPUTER

(HP PAVILION DV5, COURTESY OF

HEWLETT-PACKARD).
(B) PALMTOP COMPUTER
(IPHONE 3G, COURTESY OF APPLE,
INC.)
(C) DESKTOP COMPUTER
(IMAC, COURTESY OF APPLE, INC.)

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FIGURE 1.3
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COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

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FIGURE 1.4
1000 MEMORY CELLS
IN MAIN MEMORY

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FIGURE 1.5
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A BYTE AND A BIT
Bit: Unit of single numerical
representation of the Digit Information
Byte: Sequence of 8 bits

Exercise: One bit can have two values, 0 or 1. A combination of 2 bits can
have four values: 00, 01, 10, 11. List all of the values you can form with a
combination of 4 bits.

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FIGURE 1.6 SECONDARY STORAGE MEDIA

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Local Area Network

A computer network that links devices within a building or group of
adjacent buildings, especially one with a radius of less than 1 km.

FIGURE 1.7
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FIGURE 1.8

A WIDE AREA NETWORK WITH SATELLITE RELAYS OF MICROWAVE SIGNALS

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EXERCISE

List the following in order of smallest to largest: byte, bit, WAN, main memory,

memory cell, LAN, secondary storage.

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OVERVIEW OF PROGRAMMING
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Operating System
The collection of computer programs that control the interaction of the user and
the computer hardware is called the operating system (OS)

FIGURE 1.9 ENTERING A UNIX COMMAND FOR

DIRECTORY DISPLAY
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FIGURE 1.10

ACCESSING SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES THROUGH WINDOWS

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Application Software
Application programs are developed
to assist a computer user in
accomplishing
specific tasks.
Different Programming Languages

FIGURE 1.11 ENTERING,

TRANSLATING,
AND RUNNING
A HIGH-LEVEL
LANGUAGE PROGRAM
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FIGURE 1.12 FLOW OF INFORMATION DURING PROGRAM

EXECUTION

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FIGURE 1.13 MILES-TO-KILOMETERS CONVERSION

PROGRAM

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ASSIGNMENT:
READ CHAPTER 1

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