Music Appreciation 122 flashcards guide key elements

11/3/2014
Music Appreciation 122 flashcards | Quizlet
Music Appreciation 122
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A pattern of strong beats and weak beats
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accents
Beats are the basic unit for measuring time in

music, and _____ are what enable us to beat
time.
syncopation
Displacing accents in metered music to

emphasize weak beats is called
measure
Each occurrence of the strong beat/weak

beat pattern is called
actual arrangement of long and short

durations in a tune.
If rhythm refers to the time aspect of music,

then a rhythm concerns the
foreground; background
In most Western music, rhythm exists in the

_____, while meter is in the _____.
nonmetrical
Music that suggests no underlying pattern of

strong/weak beats is called
adagio, allegretto, and presto.
Tempo, or the rate of speed of regular beats

of the meter, is usually indicated with Italian
terms like
sound in time.
The art of music, while containing many

elements, can basically be characterized as
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metronome.
The rate of speed of regular beats of the

meter or tempo, can be measured by a
mechanical or electric device called the:
a meter in which the main beats are

subdivided in twos.
The term simple meter refers to
rhythm
The time aspect of music is commonly called
Italian
Dynamics are usually described in what

European language?
short vibrating elements.
High pitches come from
the speed or rate of the sound vibrations.
In acoustics, the term frequency means
dynamics
In musical terms, the level of strength of

sound vibrations is called
long vibrating elements.
Low pitches come from
pitch
The term that refers to the highness or

lowness of sound is
bassoon
Three of the following woodwind instruments

have approximately the same range. Which
woodwind instrument does not have the same
range as the others?
the amount and exact mixture of overtones

produced
What determines tone color?
fortissimo
What dynamic indication is the loudest?
timbre.
What is another term for tone color?
the method of production of sound vibrations
What is the criterion for organizing the

instruments of the orchestra in their present
families?
trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba
Which lists the brass family of instruments

from the highest range to the lowest range?
mezzo forte, forte, fortissimo
Which of the following lists shows a

progression from softer to louder?
triangle
Which of the following percussion instruments

is not capable of playing melodies?
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violin, viola, cello
Which shows the correct order from the

highest range to the lowest range in the violin
family?
motive.
A distinctive fragment of melody that returns

again and again within a long composition is
called a
melody.
A succession of notes that seem to hold

together in an interesting, sometimes
emotional way can be called a(n)
phrases
In songs, _____ usually coincide with the

poetic lines.
two descending whole steps.
The children's tune "Three Blind Mice" starts

with
all the white and black piano keys.
The chromatic scale is represented by
a sequence.
The duplication of a phrase at two or more

different pitch levels is known as
octaves
The full, continuous range of pitches falls into

a series of "duplicating" segments called
diatonic scale.
When one sings the series do re mi fa sol la ti

do, one is also singing the
half steps and whole steps.
While the chromatic scale is made up

exclusively of half steps, the diatonic scale is
made up of both
half step.
While the distance between any two pitches is

called an interval, the smallest interval in
Western music is called a(n)
modulate
A composer may _____, or change the key

of the music, for a powerful effect.
the major mode; the minor mode
A composition with the do (C) center is in

_____, whereas a piece with the la (A) center
is in _____.
monophony.
A single unaccompanied melody is the

simplest texture, called
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texture
Music can be said to have _____, due to the

blend of various melodic lines and other
sounds occurring in it.
homophony.
One person singing the tune while playing

chords on a guitar is demonstrating the texture
called
supply tension to have the music flow.
The function of dissonance in harmony is to
tonality.
The sense of focusing around a single "home"

pitch that seems more important than the rest
of the notes in the scale is called
chords; harmony
When folk singers play _____ on their guitars

to accompany their singing, they are enriching
their melody with _____.
half step.
When sounding intervals, octaves are the

most consonant of intervals, while the most
dissonant interval is the
imitative polyphony.
When the same or fairly similar melodies

sound together, one coming in shortly after
another, the result is
Form
_____ is an important general concept

referring to the arrangement, organization, and
relationship of various elements in music.
musical style.
A combination of particular rhythms,

harmonies, and tone colors contributes to a
composer's
historical period.
A distinction can be made between the style

of a composer and that of his or her
minuet and trio.
All of the following are genres except
repetition; contrast
From simple song to a large symphony, a

piece of music is organized by means of
_____ and _____ of various musical
elements.
extend music over a definite time span.
One of the main functions of musical form is

to
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American popular music.
The connection between musical style and

lifestyle can be most clearly seen in
A B A.
The form diagram that represents a tune

followed by a contrasting tune followed by a
repetition of the first tune is
repetition; contrast
The larger the piece, the more important

_____ and _____ are to both our memory of
the piece and the choice of the musical form.
performing forces.
When determining the genre of a composition,

look at the text, function, or
French horns; modulation
Beethoven, Piano Concerto No. 5

("Emperor)," III
In this portion of this movement, _________
gently announce a _______ before the piano
continues in another new key.
monophony
Beethoven, Symphony No. 9, IV, "Joy

Theme"
Beethoven demonstrates the use of _____ in
this selection.
imitative polyphony; woodwinds
Britten, The Young Person's Guide to the

Orchestra
In this final section of Britten's The Young
Person's Guide to the Orchestra, we hear
_____ being presented by various "families"
of instruments of the orchestra starting with
the _____.
parallel
Gershwin, "Who Cares?"

When listening to this section, one hears the
_____ nature of the phrases.
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syncopated
Joplin, "Maple Leaf Rag"

The piano left hand maintains a steady beat in
duple meter, while the piano right hand is
consistently
slows down; much faster, marchlike
Rachmaninov, from Rhapsody on a Theme by

Paganini
In this section, the tempo initially _____ but
then abruptly shifts to a _____ pace.
minor mode; major mode
Schubert, String Quartet in A Minor, Op. 29,

I
While this opening melody starts in a _____,
Schubert shifts to a _____.
the full orchestra, loud and accented then

rising in pitch.
Schubert, Symphony No. 8 ("Unfinished"), I

After a pause, we hear
imitative polyphony
Stravinsky, Symphony of Psalms, II

Stravinsky demonstrates the use of _____ in
this selection.
a higher-pitched rendition of the melody.
Tchaikovsky, The Nutcracker Suite: "Dance

of the Sugar Plum Fairy"
After the transition from B, Tchaikovsky
brings back A with
poet and composer.
Abbess Hildegard of Bingen, famous for her

book of mystical visions, was also a
nonmetrical
Because plainchant lacks a distinctive beat, it

is referred to as
chanson
"Dame, de qui toute ma joie vient" is an

example of a
reciting tone.
In Gregorian recitation, the pitch on which the

text is sung is called the
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while processing to the graveyard.
In the liturgy for the dead, the plainchant "In

paradisum" is meant to be sung
Notre Dame school
Master Leonin and his follower Protin are

known as part of the _____ of organum.
round
"Sumer Is Icumen In" is an example of a
adding a second melody that moved parallel

to the original chant, note by note.
The first step in the development of organum

was
1,000
The Middle Ages spans a time period of

nearly _____ years of European history.
plainchant.
The official music of the Catholic Church in

the Middle Ages is called
isorhythm.
The structural technique of repeating long

rhythmic patterns over and over at different
pitch levels each time is called
non-imitative polyphony.
The technique that Machaut is known for in

his chansons is
strophic.
Troubadour songs, like hymns and most folk

songs, set all stanzas of the poem to the same
melody, resulting in a form known as
Plainchant is based on the major/minor

system.
Which of the following statements about

plainchant is false?
Minnesingers
Who were the medieval poet-musicians of

Germany?
madrigal.
An important new vocal genre based on a

one-stanza poem and developed in Italy after
around 1530 was called the
homophony
Composers of the Renaissance used _____

as an expressive resource and as a contrast to
the use of imitative polyphony.
plainchant harmonization.
Dufay's "Ave maris stella" is an example of
homophony.
In the simpler plainchant paraphrases, the

early Renaissance composers emphasized the
sensuous effect of the chant through the use of
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sonorous
Renaissance composers using paraphrase

emphasized the _____ aspect of the chant.
madrigal
The _____, a secular vocal piece, was

extremely popular in Elizabethan England
during the late Renaissance.
vocal music.
The best sixteenth-century composers

concentrated primarily on
imitative counterpoint and homophony.
The chief characteristic of the High

Renaissance style was a careful blend of
Mass
The compositional problem that confronted

Renaissance composers was how to write
music that would somehow unify the _____, a
large-scale sacred composition.
Josquin Desprez.
The first master of the High Renaissance style

was
voices alone.
The ideal sound for sacred music during the

High Renaissance was
paired dances.
The pavan and the galliard were usually
paraphrase.
The Renaissance procedure of embellishing

chants with extra notes, creating graceful
rhythms, and smoothing out awkward
passages is known as
Mass.
The sixteenth-century motet is a vocal

composition similar in musical style (but not in
scope or text) to the
declamation and word painting.
Two methods of illustrating or enhancing

words through the music in Renaissance vocal
music are
passacaglia.
A set of variations on a brief series of chords,

or the bass line associated with those chords,
is called a
Orfeo
Called "the last great madrigalist and the first

great opera composer," Monteverdi wrote his
first opera, _____, in 1607.
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organ virtuoso.
During the early Baroque, Frescobaldi was

the foremost
suites; orchestra
French composers specialized in writing

_____ for _____; these were meant for
listening pleasure rather than for dancing.
are predictable and purposeful.
Functional harmony during the Baroque

period makes us feel as if the chords
two different choirs.
Gabrieli achieves Venetian sumptuousness in

his motet "O magnum mysterium" through his
use of
follow the rhythm of highly emotional speech.
In a recitative, the composer tries to have the

singing voice
cello, bassoon, or harpsichord.
In music from the early Baroque period, the

basso continuo can be played by the
from the bottom up.
In the Baroque form of ground bass, the

music is constructed
a musical elaboration of dramatic vocal

virtuosity.
The art of the aria can be described as
court entertainments for royal celebrations.
The earliest operas were
at a girl's school.
The opera Dido and Aeneas was first

performed
meter is clearly and systematically evident.
The significance of bar lines being used for the

first time is that
fugues
Which was not one of the broad sources of

Baroque instrumental music?
Florence
While the madrigal was the most "advanced"

form in the late Renaissance, there was a
group of intellectuals in _____ who criticized
the madrigal and its use of word painting.
Rococo
All of the following terms apply to the period

1600-1750 except
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crisp harpsichord.
Baroque rhythmic energy can be

characterized as being highly regular and
determined. A common feature that
emphasizes the beat in Baroque music is the
use of a
opera.
Because of its story, music, and elaborate

stage spectacle, the genre that best served
Baroque absolutism was
court musicians
Compared to church musicians, _____ kept

in better touch with musical developments
because of their travels.
harpsichord and virtuoso recorder.
Distinctive sound characteristics of the

Baroque period not heard in other periods
include the
scales
During the Baroque period, all possible keys

were available to composers because _____
were tuned (tempered) more precisely.
regularity.
During the Baroque period, the ideal of

rhythm was
affects
It was believed in the Baroque period that

music should mirror a wide variety of
emotions, or
sequence.
One of the most effective devices for forward

motion in Baroque melody was the frequent
use of
Louis XIV.
The monarch of France known as the Sun

King (1638-1715) was
opera house.
The newest institution where a Baroque

composer could make a living was the
continuo
The presence of the _____ in Baroque music

is practically a universal feature.
continuo chords
What provides the basic harmonic framework

for polyphonic music of the Baroque period?
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contrapuntal.
While other textures can be found in Baroque

music, the predominant texture of Baroque
music is
standard forms
Working busily, Baroque composers would

rely on _____, which could be used quickly
to satisfy the needs of the court or church.
episodes.
Contrasting passages of music that separate

the later subject entries in a fugue are called
neglected.
For some time after Bach's death, his music

was
variety
In a multimovement work from the Baroque

period, there will always be _____ in tempo,
mood, key, meter, and form from movement
to movement.
conventional forms and genres
In Baroque instrumental music, composers

relied on __________ to let their listeners
know what to expect and how long a piece
would go on.
summarized
In his later life, J. S. Bach wrote compositions

that _____ his thoughts and ideas about
Baroque-era music.
minuet and trio.
Shorter dances of the Baroque tended to be

grouped in pairs, such as the
exposition.
The first part of the fugue, with its initial

subject entries, is called a(n)
contrasting character of the orchestra and the

soloist.
The focus of ritornello form is on the
systematized, imitative polyphonic form.
The fugue can be described as
suite
The practice of collecting dances from an

opera or ballet together in a _____ was
common during the Baroque period.
stretto.
The technique that produces subject entries

that follow one another faster and are almost
stacked on top of each other is called
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Antonio Vivaldi
The Venetian composer ________ wrote

hundreds of concertos and was a virtuoso
violinist.
the contrast of a large group (orchestra) with

a soloist or small group
What is the basic idea underlying the concerto

and concerto grosso?
variation form
Which form can be described as

uninterrupted repetitions of a clearly defined
melody with interesting changes that retain the
original theme in some way?
It returns many times (usually only in part) in

different keys as the movement proceeds.
Which is true of the ritornello in ritornello

form?
an opera on a religious subject.
An oratorio is basically
opera singers.
As a composer in many vocal and

instrumental genres, Handel was particularly
gifted in composing for
made no effort to create real melodies out of

emotional speech.
In Baroque operatic recitative, the composer
affects
In Baroque vocal music, composers used

certain musical devices consistently to
correspond to certain emotions, or _____, as
theorists called them.
ancient history.
Italian Baroque opera mostly took its plots

from
chorales.
Lutheran hymns are called
a church choir.
One factor that is important for all sacred

music genres during the Baroque period was
the inclusion of
Farinelli
One of the most famous castrati of his day

was _____, who was also a composer and
later an influential figure at the Spanish court.
continuo accompaniment.
Secco recitative has
second, musical sermon.
The church cantata was written to be

performed during Lutheran church services
and were like a
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its ability to project emotion.
The real basis of opera's appeal in the

Baroque era was
coloratura.
The singing style that emphasized virtuosic

technique with fast, brilliant runs, high notes,
and vocal cadenzas was
da capo; from the head
The standard form for the Baroque Italian aria

is A B A, or _____ form, meaning "_____."
a group of anonymous narrators
Unlike other oratorios, Handel's Messiah

relies on _____ to tell the story of the life of
Jesus.
opera singing.
While most careers were not available for

women in eighteenth-century society, women
could achieve fame and fortune in
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Music Appreciation 122 flashcards | Quizlet