AB

CD
CD
CD
CD
CD

00
01
11
10

AB
00
1
0
1
0

AB
01
0
1
1
0

AB
11
1
1
0
1

AB
10
1
1
0
0

Start by looking for any either a:

1. octets
2. quartets
I. strings
II. cubes
i. horizontal folding cubes
ii. vertical folding cubes
iii. edge/diagonal folding cubes
If found, identify ALL members that form that one type of group.

Then look at the ungrouped ones and form the largest possible groups
(ie 4 and if no 4s then 2 and if no 2s then 1) Overlapping is acceptable
if it allows for ungrouped ones to from a large group

 If you still have ungrouped terms then form a group of 2 or 1

After finding all groups identify all EPIs and shade each member that
forms part of the EPI group.

! = ! ! ! ! ! ! !"#!!!"#$!!"# + !! !"!"##$%!!!"#$!!"# + !! ! !"#$ +

!"#!"#$!!"# +

If there are members remaining that have not been covered by an EPI
(ie are not in a EPI grouping/not shaded) identify the largest grouping
that they belong to. These are PIs.
If there is a PI that is covered by two groups of the same size we can
write the equation in two ways.
! = ! ! ! ! ! ! !"#!!!"#$!!"# + !! !"!"##$%!!!"#$!!"# + !! ! !"#$ +
!"#!"#$!!"# + !"!!!"#$"%!!"!!"#$!!!"#$!%&'(()
OR
! = ! ! ! ! ! ! !"#!!!"#$!!"# + !! !"!"##$%!!!"#$!!"# + !! ! !"#$ +
!"#!"#$!!"# + !!"!!"#$"%!!"!!"#$!!"#$%&'(()

Implicant a single 1 or group (pair, quad, octet) of 1s on a K-map

Prime Implicant an implicant which cannot be combined with any other 1
to from a bigger group
Essential Prime Implicant if a prime implicant contains a 1 which is not
covered by any other prime implicant
F(simplified) = EPIs + PIs