Copyright & A K-C

11 (106) 2011
23

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77-21121 19 2005 .

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Belgorod State University

Scientific bulletin
Mathematics & Physics

, -
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La{1-x}Sr{x}Mn{1-y}Fe{y}O{3}.
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BiZn{2/3}Sb{1/3}O{3}.
.. , .. 96

Copyright & A K-C

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E-mail: virch@bsu.edu.ru
13.07.2011
6084/8
Georgia
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196

, 2011

Copyright & A K-C

11 (106) 2011 Belgorod State University

Issue 23
SCIENTIFIC PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL
Founded in 1995
The Journal is included into the list of the
leading peer-reviewed journals and
publications coming out in the Russian
Federation that are recommended for
publishing key results of the theses for
Doktor and Kandidat degree-seekers.
Founder:
Federal state autonomous educational
establishment of higher
professional education
Belgorod National Research University

Scientific bulletin
Mathematics & Physics

CONTENTS

Publisher:
Belgorod National Research University.
Belgorod National Research University
Press

Influence of ittrium microdoping on electrical properties of copper

obtained by vacuum-induction melting.
N.V. Kamyshanchenko, A.V. Galtsev, M.I. Durykhin,
I.M. Neklyudov, B.V. Borts, S.V. Shevchenko 5

The journal is registered in Federal service

of control over law compliance in the sphere
of mass media and protection of cultural
heritage

Calculation of bound energy in the solution of niobium atoms in

copper on the basis of the electron density functional.
I.V. Nelasov, A.G. Lypnitskii, Vo Duy Dat 23

Certificate of registration of mass media

77-21121 May 19, 2005.

Hopping conductivity of La{1-x}Sr{x}Mn{1-y}Fe{y}O{3}.

R. Laiho, A.V. Lashkul, K.G. Lisunov, E. Lahderanta,
Yu.S. Nekrasova, P.A. Petrenko, V.S. Zakhvalinskii 24

EDITORIAL BOARD OF JOURNAL

Editor-in-chief
L.J. Djatchenko,
Rector of Belgorod National Research
University, doctor of sociological sciences,
Professor
Deputy editor-in-chief
A.P. Peresypkin,
Vice-rector for scientific research
of Belgorod National Research University,
candidate of pedagogical sciences
Assistant Editors
V.M. Moskovkin,
Doctor of geographical sciences, Professor
of world economy department Belgorod
National Research University
E.N. Krolevetskaya,
Candidate of pedagogical sciences,
associate professor of Pedagogics
department of Belgorod National Research
University
EDITORIAL BOARD
OF JOURNAL SERIES
Editor-in-chief

Electrooptics of nematic cell based on silicon treated by plasma.

S.I. Kucheev, Yu.S. Tuchina 44
The Kohn-Shem equation solution of hydrogen molecule on the
basic function method. A.G. Shklovskiy 52
Structural and phase transformations of orthorhombic martensite
in the (+)-titanium alloy VT16 at deformation and thermal
influence.
S.S. Manokhin, M.B. Ivanov, Yu.R. Kolobov 65
Effects of nitrogen pressure on compressive stress, surface
morphology and mechanical properties of nano-size carbon films.
I.V. Sudzhanskaya, A.Ya. Kolpakov, A.I. Poplavsky,
I.Yu. Goncharov 70
About some kinematic effects of flows in fluid mechanics.
N.V. Malay, E.R. Shchukin, Thuhoai 75
Gravitational movement peculiarities of solid non-uniformly
heated aerosol particle of the spheroid form.
N.N. Mironova 82

Yu.P. Virchenko
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor (Belgorod State University)

Nonstationary solutions of dynamical equations of ideal

incompressible liquid. Yu.P. Virchenko 90

Deputies of editor-in-chief

Dielectric and electrical properties of new lead-free ceramic

BiZn{2/3}Sb{1/3}O{3}. S.. Gridnev, N.A. Tolstykh 96

N.V. Malay
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor(Belgorod National Research
University)

Nano deformation of the material CD-rom. A.P. Kuzmenko,

D.I. Timakov 108

Copyright & A K-C

A.M. Meirmanov
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor(Belgorod National Research
University)
Responsible secretary
M.N. Beknazarov
Candidate of physico-mathematical
sciences (Belgorod National Research
University)
Members of editorial board
S.V. Blazhevich
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor (Belgorod National Research
University)
I.E. Vnukov
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor(Belgorod National Research
University)
A.V. Glushak
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor (Belgorod National Research
University)

Formation of nanostructured thin films under the action

of femtosecond laser radiation in vacuum. D.V. Abramov,
S.M. Arakelian, M.N. Gerke, V.G. Prokoshev,
K.S. Khorkov 113
High temperature oxidation of ultrananocrystalline diamond
films. M.S. Komlenok, A.A. Khomich 118
Effect of microwave radiation on the formation of structure and
mechanical properties of modified polymer carbon materials in
solid extension. G.S. Baronin, D.O. Zavrazhin, A.G. Popov,
M.S. Tolstykh 123
Obtaining of excellent mechanical properties of stainless steel45
under severe plastic deformation . R.Z. Valiev, N.G. Zaripov,
M.V. Karavaeva, S.K. Nurieva 129
Microstructure , mechanical properties and creep behavior of
10KH9K3B2MFBR and KH9K3B2MFBR.
P.A. Kozlov, V.N. Skorobogatykh, I.A. Schenkova 134

S.A. Gritsenko
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor (Belgorod National Research
University)

Thermal stability of mechanical synthesized composites Cu-C.

V.I. Lad`yanov, R.M. Nikonova, N.S. Pozdeeva 142

V.V. Krasilnikov
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor (Belgorod National Research
University)

Investigation of structural parameters of nanosized magnetic

fluids. P.A. Ryapolov 146

N.N. Nasonov
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor (Belgorod National Research
University)
O.M. Penkin
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor (Belgorod National Research
University)
G.A. Salishchev
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor (Belgorod National Research
University)
A.P. Soldatov
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor (Belgorod National Research
University)
V.V. Syshchenko
Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences,
Professor (Belgorod National Research
University)

Dummy layout by Yu.P. Virchenko,

N.A. Gaponenko
e-mail: virch@bsu.edu.ru
Passed for printing 13.07.2011
Format 60x84/8
Typeface Georgia
Printers sheets 23,14
Circulation 1000 copies
Order 151

High-speed consolidation of WC and WC-Co nanopowders with an

inhibitor additions by spark plasma sintering method.
Ju.V. Blagoveshchensky, M.S. Boldin, N.V. Isaeva,
D.N. Kotkov, N.V. Melekhin, Ju.I. Mel'nik,
A.V. Moskvicheva, N.V. Sakharov, V.N. Chuvil'deev,
S.V. Shotin
151
Effect of severe plastic deformation on the structure and magnetic
properties of amorphous nickel- and ferrum -based alloys.
A.M. Glezer, M.R. Plotnikova 159
Research of superplasticity behavior of Al-8,2Mg-4,7Si alloy with
chromium addition. A.V. Mihaylovskaya, V.K. Portnoy 166
Porous chitosan matrixes reinforced by bioactive calcium compound
for bone regeneration . N.V. Bakunova, S.M. Barinov,
V.S. Komlev, V.V Smirnov, A.Yu. Fedotov
173
Finite clusters in plane mosaics. Part II. Combinatorial
construction of plane graphs. E.S. Antonova,
Yu.P. Virchenko
179

Information about Authors

Information for Authors

189

196

Subscription reference in Rospechat

agency catalogue 81466,
Dummy layout is replicated
at Belgorod State University Publishing House
Address: 85, Pobedy str., Belgorod, Russia, 308015

Belgorod National Research University, 2011

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

539.4.015.1; 548.24

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Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

, , , .
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Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

Bi

Sb

As

Pb

Sn

Ni

Fe

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Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

1
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Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

,
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, ,
.

Copyright & A K-C

10

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

3.2.
.
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Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 11

.1.
(1), (2).

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. 3.
( 1) ( 2)
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600

Copyright & A K-C

12

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

300-600. , -, , .
700
.

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(1) (2) . 50%.

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600 ( ) (100)[001].
.
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. 4 . 108 -109 3 . (. 4 4 ). ,

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 13

, 20 (. 4
4 ).
0,03% ( 25 ) 0,02% .

. 4. 0,02% :
(20000), (26000), (100000), (32000).

= 4.300K
2K
,


(. 7).

Copyright & A K-C

14

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

- (0,010,02%) ( ) .
7
,

1
2
3
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0,01% Y
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.

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.., .. / 1584406
6.01.89, . 17.
2. .., .. /
22441776 10.12.2004, . 34.

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 15

3. .. /.. .
.: , 1974. 74 .
4. .., .., ..
/ .. . .: , 1974. 320 .
5. .., .., ..
/ .. . .: , 1974. 85 .
6. . / . . .: ,
1972. 908 .
7. ., . / . .
.: , 1960. 654 .
8. .., .. / .. . .: , 1986. 224 .
9. .., .., ..
0,5 // . 1960. 11. C.65-69.
10. .., .. //
. 1956. 4. C.62-67.
11. .., .. // .
1975. 1. C.166-169.
12. .., .., .. .
// .
1981. 2. C.80-82.
13. .., .., .., ..
0 // . ,
. 1986. 3. C.190-194.
14. .., ..
// . 1985. 7;4. C.104-105.
15. .
// .
1984. 48;2. C.209-213.
16. .., .. / .. . .: , 1975. 120 .
17. .., .., .. // . 1976. 2. .75-77.

Copyright & A K-C

16

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

INFLUENCE OF YTTRIUM MICRODOPING

ON ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
OF COPPER OBTAINED BY VACUUM-INDUCTION MELTING
N.V. Kamyshanchenko, A.V. Galtsev, M.I. Durykhin) ,
I.M. Neklyudov, B.V. Borts, S.V. Shevchenko)
)

Belgorod State University,

Studencheskaya St., 14, Belgorod, 308007, Russia, e-mail: kamysh@bsu.edu.ru
)
National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology
Akademicheskaya St., 1, Kharkov, 61108, Ukraine
Abstract. Microdoping copper MMV [1,2] is obtained. It has uniform small-grained structure
and quasi-isotropic physical properties. Discovered physical and mechanical properties permits to
assert that such a material has high electrical conductivity and stable values of electrical characteristics. The material obtained may be used for such items when it is necessary to use copper with
suciently large electrical conductivity and uniform small-grained structure.
Key words: microdoping, yttrium, small-grained structure.

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 17

537.9 539.213


.. , .. ,
,
. , 85, , 308015, e-mail: lipnitskii@bsu.edu.ru
. .
Cu-Nb.
: -, , .

1. . -,
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, , [2,3,4]. - ,
Cu/Nb ,
.
,
Cu-Nb - .
10 %, , .
, Cu/Nb, ,
Cu/Nb [5],

, .

, , ab initio [6,7]. ABINIT [8,9]
[10]. PAW [11] (
) ATOMPAW [12].

Copyright & A K-C

18

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

2. . . k- , .
: k-
12 12 12 750 .
0,006 . . 1
.
1

, [13,14]
,
A

Cu
Nb

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,
,
, - .
32
( 1 . 1).
3 . % .

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 19

. 1. ,
. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
1 .
.

, 5-
(. . 1),
. ,
, . ,
. ,
,
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2
,

1. Cu30 Nb2_R1
2. Cu30 Nb2_R2
3. Cu30 Nb2_R3
4. Cu30 Nb2_R4
5. Cu30 Nb2_R5
6. Cu29 Nb3

a/ 2
a
p
3/2 a

2a

3a

a/ 2 ; a/ 2 ; a

. 1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7-3

Copyright & A K-C

20

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

3. .

Esol(Cu32x Nbx ) = E(Cu32x Nbx )

1
1
E(Cu32 ) (32 x) E(Nb16 ) x ,
32
16

(1)

E(Cu32x Nbx ) , (32-x) x , 0 . ECu32

, 32 ENb16
, 16 .
( )
,
,
,
Eb(Cu32x Nbx ) = x Esol(Cu31 Nb1 ) Esol(Cu32x Nbx )

(2)

,
, ,
V (Cu32x Nbx ) V (Cu32 )
,
(3)
Vsol/atom =
x
V (Cu32x Nbx ) Cu32x Nbx , V (Cu32 ) 32 0 .
Cu-Nb . 3.
3

Cu32
Nb16
Cu31 Nb
Cu30 Nb2_R1
Cu30 Nb2_R2
Cu30 Nb2_R3
Cu30 Nb2_R4
Cu30 Nb2_R5
Cu29 Nb3

0.694
1.300
1.175
1.279
1.746
1.382
1.567

0.694
0.65
0.59
0.64
0.87
0.69
0.52

0.09
0.21
0.11
-0.36
0.01
0.52

9.0
9.4
8.0
7.8
8.9
8.5
8.2

. 3 ,
. ,

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 21

0,5 ,
0,1
. 3a
0,01 . ,
.
, 2a ( Cu30 Nb2_R4 )
.
,
, 12.0
A3 18.6
A3 .
4. .
, .
[15]
-.
2.1.2/9427 09-0200857-

1. ..
// .. ,
.. , .. ., .// . 2004. 1. C.48-53.
2. Zhang X. Nanostructured Cu/Nb multilayers subjected to helium ion-irradiation /
X. Zhang, N. Li, O. Anderoglu, [et al.] // Nuclear instruments and methods in Physics
research section B: Beam interactions with materials and atoms. 2007. 261;1-2.
P.1129-1132.
3. Misra A. The radiation damage tolerance of ultra-high strength nanolayered composites /
A. Misra, M.J. Demkowicz, X. Zang, R.G. Hoagland // Journal of the minerals. Metals
and materials society. 2007. 58;9. P.62-65.
4. Demkowicz M.J. Interface structure and radiation damage resistance in Cu-Nb multilayer nanocomposites / M.J. Demkowicz, R.G. Hoagland, J.P. Hirth // Physical review
letters. 2008. 100. P.136102.

Copyright & A K-C

22

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

5. .. Cu/Nb /.. , .. , .. //
. . 2009. 52;11. .75-80.
6. Hohenberg P. Inhomogeneous Electron Gas / P. Hohenberg, W. Kohn // Phys. Rev.
1964. 136. P.864-871.
7. Kohn W. Self Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Eects /
W. Kohn, L.J. Sham // Phys. Rev. 1965. 140. P.1133.
8. Gonze X. First-principles computation of material properties: the ABINIT software
project / X. Gonze, J.M. Beuken, R. Caracas, et al. // Computational Materials
Science. 2002. 25. P.478-492.
9. Gonze X. A brief introduction to the ABINIT software package / X. Gonze, G.M. Rignanese, M. Verstraete // Kristallogr. 2005. 220. P.558-562.
10. Bottin F. Large scale ab initio calculations based on three levels of parallelization /
F. Bottin, S. Leroux, A. Knyazev, G. Zerah // Computational Materials Science.
2008. 42;2. P.329-336.
11. Holzwarth N.A.W. Complete projector functions for the projector augmented wave
(PAW) method of electronic structure calculations / N.A.W. Holzwarth, G.E. Matthews,
A.R. Tackett, R.B. Dunning // Phys. Rev. B. 1998. 57. P.1827-11830.
12. Tackett A.R. A Projector Augmented Wave (PAW) code for electronic structure
calculations, Part I: atompaw for generating atom-centered functions and Part II:
pwpaw for periodic solids in a plane wave basis / A.R. Tackett, N.A.W. Holzwarth,
G.E. Matthews // Computer physics Communications. 2001. 135. P.329-376.
13. Mishin Y. Structural stability and lattice defects in copper: ab initio, tight-binding,
and embedded-atom calculations / Y. Mishin, M.J. Mehl, D.A. Papaconstantopoulos,
et al. // Phys. Rev. B. 2001. 63. P.1-16.
14. .. p- p Cu/Nb / .. , .. , .. , . // . 2009. 6. .7-11.
15. .. - / .. , .. , .. // . . 2010. 76;10. .36-38.

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 23

CALCULATION OF BOUND ENERGY IN THE SOLUTION

OF NIOBIUM ATOMS IN COPPER ON THE BASIS
OF THE ELECTRON DENSITY FUNCTIONAL
I.V. Nelasov, A.G. Lypnitskii, Vo Duy Dat
Abstract. The computer simulations of solutions consisting of niobium atoms in the copper
matrix at small impurity concentrations is carried out. It is done in frameworks of the theory
based on the electron density functional. Energies and volumes of niobium atoms dissolving at the
formation of Cu-NB solutions are set.
Key words: copper-niobium, bound energy, the electron density functional.

Copyright & A K-C

24

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

539.2, 539.19
La1x Srx Mn1y Fey O3
.. 1,2 , R. Laiho3 , A.V. Lashkul1 , K.. 1,4 ,
E. L
ahderanta1 , .. 2 , .. 4
1 Department

of Mathematics and Physics,

Lappeenranta University of Technology, PO Box 20, FIN-53852 Lappeenranta, Finland
2

,
. , 85, , 308007,

3 Wihuri
4 Institute

Physical Laboratory, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland

of Applied Physics ASM, Academiei Str. 5, MD-2028 Kishinev, Moldova

. La1x Srx Mn1y Fey O3 (LSMFO) x = 0.3 y = 0.03 0.25

5 K 310 8 . y = 0.15, 0.20, 0.25
( # 15, 20, 25, ) . ,
# 20
,
(T ).
: , , ,
, .

1. . La1x Srx Mn1y Fey O3 (LSMFO) , La1x Srx Mny O3 (LSMO) [1]. ,
(), [2]. - , , Mn3+ Mn4+ .
Mn3+ Mn4+
Mn3+ , - ,
,
[5, 6]. ,
, - [5, 6].
-
(Ca, Ba, Sr) (, La),
[3, 4, 7, 8]. ,
T , [4, 9].

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 25

(), Eact ,
La1x Cax MnO3 (LCMO) ,
1200 [9]. ,
() [4, 10]. , ,
, [11, 12].
- ,
- (-) [3, 4]. , TM I , [3, 4].
TM I Tc . ,
, c 0.3 ( ) . ,
LSMO x = 0.3 [1, 3, 4].
, ,
, () g [12]. ,
,
g, . 1
A,
[4, 17, 19].
[10, 21-23]
T > T. [10, 21-23] , T < Tc [1, 4, 10]. -
. .
(T ) LSMFO.
2. . LSMFO x = 0.30 y = 0 0.25
. La2 O3 , MnO2 , Fe2 O3 SrCO3 . La2 O3 , .
1360 C 40 .
2000 /2 , 1500C
22 . ,
, , (
Pm 3m ), , Fe,
( R-3c). . 1.

Copyright & A K-C

26

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

1
(y) (a c) La0.7 Sr0.3 Mn1y Fey O3

a(A)

(A)

0.00
0.03
0.09
0.15
0.20
0.23
0.25
7.745(5) 5.506(4) 5.502(4) 5.508(4) 5.513(2) 5.511(4) 5.513(4)
13.366(6) 13.366(7) 13.365(6) 13.360(4) 13.370(9) 13.376(7)

Quanta
200 3D. ,
LCMFO ;
.

T = 5 310K
B = 0 8 T
. LSMFO y = 0.03,
0.15, 0.20 0.25, # 3, # 15, # 20 # 25, ,
y (. . 1).
(T ) # 3,
, , # 25 . ,
(T ) TC ( ),
# 15, y B.
, ,
(T ) Tmax 100 K Tmin 50 K # 15,
# 20, .
, (T ) # 15

# 20 . T ,
y 0.15 0.20.
# 25 . 1 .

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 27

. 1.
: LSMFO
.
: T B 0 # 15 # 20.

, , ,
T # 25. - LSMFO, . 1,
[2-4]. y 0.15 0.20. ,
T , , , Tc ,
# 20. , (T ) LSMFO
y = 0.15 0.25 , , Tc , , ,
# 15 # 20 .
3. . ,
p
(T ) = 0 (T )e(T0 /T ) ,
(1)

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28

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

0 (T ) = AT m , m , , T0 [11, 12]. p (1),

m, . ,
, Ep , p = 1
m = 1 ( ) m = 3/2 ( ) [11, 25 27].
,
Ep , ; [11, 26]. ,
T0 , (1) Eact kT0 .
Eact
(2)

Eact = E0 + EdL ,

EdL ,
,


e2 1
1
E0 =

,
(3)
4p rp Rs
1
1
1
p =

,
0
0 , , rp Rs , [11, 26].
, ,
, Ed (, Ed = EdL + EdS , EdS ) [11, 12].

, , ( max , + max ),
[11]. ,
, . ,
[12], .
, [10, 20].
, p = 1/4 (1), max . ( = 0) -
p = 1/2 [11, 12]. T0 (1)


T0M

M
=
k g()3

T0SE

SE e2
=
k

(4)

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 29

-, . g()
, , (. ),
( p [10, 21 23]), M = 21 S E = 2.8
[11, 12]. [21]
=

Ep Ed

,
2
2

(5)

, , , Ed Ep . ( [12]). -
(5) (,
, LBMO Ed 10 % Ep [21]) .
- p = 1/2 (1),
, T0SE , (4) [10]. , , LCMFO
[10], LBMO [21] LMO [22, 23]
1/2

T
, V (TV SE ) TV SE
(T ) V TV SE
-. < ,
p
2
p
TSE
T + T + T0SE ,
(6)
T = V2 /4k 2 TV SE ,
(1) T0SE [10, 21 23]. m = 8 p(7 + q) [10]
(1) (.. p),
, q [10, 12]. m = 25/4 m = 9/2 -,
. . q = 0, (r) er/ [10].
(r) er/ /r q = 4
[10]. m [10]. , A
(1) -
p(7+q)

A = C0 11 T0

(7)

C0 [10].
,
p (1). , , m, . m p.
p (T )

Copyright & A K-C

30

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. [12]
d ln

,
Ea =
1
d kT

(1)


 
Ea
1
ln
+ m = ln p + p ln T0 + p ln
,
kT
T

(8)

,


m (8) ln T1 ,
p. T0
. , [10, 12]
p
k TV SE TSE
(9)

33
,
(10)
e 6 ( V )2
, V
g0 TV SE TSE ,
-.
, , (T )
# 25 ( . 2) ,
: (i) HTM, ,
T 220 K 170 K, (ii) SE T TV SE 150 K , Tc 84 K, (iii) (LTM), , Tc .
p(m) . 3 ( ).
, p(m), HTM
LTM, p = 1/4 m = 25/4 ( ), q = 0.
, , p = 1/4 m = 21/4,
, q = 4. , SE p = 1/2
m = 9/2 -
q = 0. # 25
HTM LTM, . HTM LTM
-,

[12].

p
ln T m T ( . 4)
A T0M HTM LTM, A TSE
SE, . 2.
g0 =

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 31

. 2.


a
: ln kTE+m
ln T1 # 25.
-0.1
 .



: ln kTE+a25 ln T1 # 20
4

.
 .

: ln kTE+a 3 ln
2

. .

1
T

# 20

Copyright & A K-C

32

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 3.
: p(m), # 25
. p = 1/2, m = 5/2
p = 1/2, m = 9/2; p = 1/4, m = 21/2 p = 1/4, m = 25/4, .
: p(m), # 20
, (). p = 1/4, m = 21/2 p = 1/4, m = 25/4; p = 1,m = 1 p = 1, m = 3/2
(), .

. 2 . 3, # 20
, HTM, ITM LTM, .
ITM LTM,
. , (T ) HTM
B > 0 (. . 4) , , , HTM

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 33

8 T. ,
. 4, A(B) T0 (B), . 6.

2
A T0

A(HT M ),

cm
K 25/4

T0M (HT M ),
K

# 15

1.92
1034

7.43 108

# 20

2.79
1035

9.43 108

# 25

6.49
1039

2.00 109

A(IT M ),

cm
K 25/4

T0M (IT M ),
K

A(LT M ),

cm
K 25/4

T0M (LT M ),
K

A(SE),

cm
K 9/2

TSE , K

8.16 108

1.29
1019

3.19 107

6.25
1036

1.28 109

1.49
1034

5.59
1019

8.48 104

, , p 1 m 3/2, 10 K
B > 0. . ,
p(m), LTM , . 3,
p = 1 m = 3/2 , . , . 2 ,
m = 3/2 p . Eact A, LTM . 5,
. , ,
# 15, ,
. (T > Tc ) ,
HTM,
(T )


25/4
1/4
ln T
T
(. . 4). , , m p.
A (HTM) T0M (HTM) ,
. 4, . 2. ,
, Tc (HTM ) # 25, # 20 , , # 15. # 25
- TV SE , , Tc (LTM )
.

Copyright & A K-C

34

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 4.


: ln Tm T 1/2 T 1/4 # 25.
.


1

: ln T 25/4
T 4 # 20 HTM
()
 .
 - .

: ln T 25/4 T 1/4 # 15 HTM .

- .

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 35

. 5


ln T 3/2 T 1 # 20 LTN .
- . : Eact A .

# 20 HTM (T > Tc ), ITM (T < Tc ) LTM (T Tc ),

A T0M . , # 20 (T 10 K) , . # 15 Tc
T , T
T < Tc . T # 20.
. 2, T
a
(T ), E
kT
p, . , ,
- # 25
# 20, , , (T ) # 15. # 15
# 20 T . , T
# 25 -.

Copyright & A K-C

36

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

(4) (6),

A(B)
A(0)

(B)
TT0M
. 6
0M (0)
.

. 6.
T0M (B)
A(B)
A(0) ( ) T0M (0) ( )
, # 15 HTM # 20 .

, , , g(),
g(B)
.
(B)
(0)
g(0)
. 7 B 2
B 2 . ,
(B) = (0)(1 + ba B 2 )

T0M (B)
T0M (0)

(11)

, ba
B [33]. , . 7 ,

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 37

HTM # 15 # 20, T > Tc (

B = 0), (B)
B 2 T.
, HTM B 2 T T0M B
,
T0M (B) T0M (0)(1 + bT B 2 ) ,

g(B) g(0)(1 + bg B 2 ) ,

(12)

, bT bg B.
bg B 2 1 3ba B 2 1 .

(13)

bT (bg + 3ba ) .

(14)

, (11) (12) (4),

. 7.
(B)
g(B)
2
TT0M
B 2 ( ), (B)
(0) B ( ) g(0)
0M (0)
B 2 ( ) # 15 HTM # 20
.
, .

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38

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 7 B = 2 T
# 20 : bT 0.0112, ba 0.0129
bg 0.0246 ( T 2 ), (14)
0.0139T 2 , ( 20 %) (14) bT . # 15, bT 0.029,
ba 0.035 bg 0.058 ( T 2 ) (14), 0.047T 2 ,
bT . (14) # 15
. (13), .. 3ba B 2 0.42 B = 2 T
. , , (14)
B 2 T.
, , . 2 , . [4,17]
g()

Ns c(1 c)
,
2W

(15)

c c0 y, c0 0.31, W 2.6 , Ns N0 (1 y) N0 = 1.43 1022 3 LSMO. , Fe3+

Fe3+ -Mn4+ . g(), (15), . 3.
HTM, ITM LTM , (4)
g() , . 3. ,

y.
, LTM # 20. ,
, ,
1/3
s
, rpmax = Rs . (3), Rs = 2 4N
5.4,
3

5.5 5.6 A # 15, # 20 # 25, .

- # 25, . 0.30 (9), TV SE 150 K,
TSE . 2. 3.6 U,
h
i1/3
4N0 (c0 y)
e2
U R R 2
3

, Mn4+ ,
. , V 0.07 (10),
- # 25 (6)
TSE . 2 . 3.

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 39

3
g()


# 15
# 20
# 25

g(), 1020

1 3

(HT M ),
A

(IT M ),
A

(LT M ),
A

(SE),
A

1.0
1.1
1.2

1.1
1.0

3.3
2.0

3.1
2.1
1.2

, # 25 SE T > Tc # 20 # 15. (SE)

# 25 -, Fe (y-). , , SE
# 25 (T ) # 15 # 20 (
T ). , T
, ,



c

(y) = 1
,
(16)
ccr
1 , ccr c0 ycr , ycr
y, y- y- [11, 12].
1/3
, Ncr 0.25 [11], Ncr = N0 (1
ycr ). (16)
(y) 0.25

c0 ycr
[N0 (1 ycr )]1/3 .
y ycr

(17)

(17) y = 0.25 (y) = (SE) # 25, ycr 0.18. , # 15 # 20 y-

, , y-MIT ycr y = 0.15 0.20 . ,
0.25 [N0 (1 ycr )]1/3 1.1
A = 1.0 1.2
A (. 3),
T ,
y-MIT,
-. y-MIT . (LT M) # 20 . (2)
(3)

1

4p Rs
rp = Rs 1 +
(Eact EdL )
.
(18)
e2
p 3.6 Rs = 5.5
A, ,
Eact = 4.4 ,

4p Rs
e2

Eact 0.03, , rp

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40

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

rpmax = Rs ( ) ,
3 %. , , # 20,
Rs 5.5
A
. , rp B
Eact B. ()
LSMFO ( , LTN # 20,
10 K). ,
,
, Eact .
LTN ,
. 3. , p(m) p = 1 m = 3/2 ( ) B, . 4,
p m = 3/2, . , ,
,
LTM , (B)
(0)
. 5, (LT M) 4.4
A 8 T,
Rs 5.5
A,
. , ,
rp , , . ,
LTM # 20
(LTN ) . ,
. , LTM , (LT M) # 20
,
. 3 ( SE , ).
, T LTM
LTN ,
,
, # 20.

4. .
La1x Srx Mn1y Fey O3 x = 0.3 y = 0.03 0.25. (T )
310 5 ,
8 T. LSMFO
y, y = 0.03
y = 0.25 -

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 41

. ,
, -,

LSMFO y . ,
, g()
, g() . ,
, , LSMFO,
,
.
" -
" 02.740.11.0399.

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HOPPING CONDUCTIVITY OF La1x Srx Mn1y Fey O3

R. Laiho1 , A.V. Lashkul2 , K.G. Lisunov2,3 , E. L
ahderanta2 ,
Yu.S. Nekrasova4 , P.A. Petrenko3, V.S. Zakhvalinskii2,4
1 Wihuri

Physical Laboratory, University of Turku,

FIN-20014, Turku, Finland

2 Department

of Mathematics and Physics,

Lappeenranta University of Technology, PO Box 20, FIN-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
3 Institute

of Applied Physics ASM,

Academiei St., 5, MD-2028 Kishinev, Moldova
4 Belgorod

State University,
Studencheskaya St., 14, Belgorod, 308007, Russia.
Abstract. The temperature dependence of the resistivity of ceramic La1x Srx Mn1y Fey O3
(LSMFO) with x = 0.3 and y = 0.03 0.25 is investigated between temperatures T 5 and 310 K
in magnetic elds B up to 8 T. The Mott variable-range hopping (VRH) conductivity is observed
in all samples with y = 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 (or simply # 15, # 20 and # 25, respectively) above the
ferromagnetic Curie temperature Tc . In # 20 the Mott VRH conductivity takes place additionally
in two dierent temperature ranges below Tc divided by an intermediate interval of non-activated
behavior of (T ).
Key words: hopping conductivity, Curies temperature, ceramics, magnetic eld, temperature
dependence.

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44

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

620.1.72:532.783

,
.. , ..
,
. , 14, , 308015, , e-mail: kucheev@bsu.edu.ru
.
// (ITO) c . ,
. ,
, , ,
, , .
: , , , , .

1. . Si/SiO2 / /ITO [1], , SiO2 , ..

. , , Si/ /ITO ,
/ . , ,
,
.
, , .

, .
2. .
p- 4,5 .
.
(75% , 25% , 6 12 ) PLASMA

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 45

CLEANER MODEL 1020 Fischione Instruments. , ( 5

0, 5, 10, 25 ).
,
1282. - 5 .
.
ITO, .
.
. ,
,
. , [2].
( ) . > 104 ,
,
, . 1.

. 1.

,
. , , . . 2
. ,
104
, ,

Copyright & A K-C

46

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

, .

. 2.

, 104 ,
.
. ,
, ,
. . ( )

, . .
,
( ), ( ) ,

.
,
,
[3]
, ,
.

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 47

, ,
.
, ( ,
),
, . 3.

. 3.

( ) . [4]
( ). ,
5
.
, ( ) ( Si Si + lm, . 2)
, , . 2.

, , .
5
8 , , .. . , 10 ,
15 .
-,
.

Copyright & A K-C

48

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

, ,
. . ,
, He-Ne (0,6 ) .
.
() . ( (S)) .
. ((O)) ,

, .. .
(S) (O)
, . , .

. 4.

(S) (O)
. (S)- ,
(O)-. , , () . , ,
, ,
(S) ()-,
.
(S) ,
[5], ()
.
( )

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 49

( )
, . 4. ,
( ) ( )
.

. 5.

. 5 .
. 104 , ,
. ,

(. 5). .
, Ar+
,
( ) ,
/, , . , , ,
. ,
( , )
[6] .

Copyright & A K-C

50

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

.
. ,
+U .
3. . , , Si//ITO.
104 . ,
. , . ,
, .

.

1. .., .. / .. . .: , 1986.
2. .. - / .. . .:
, 1978. 384 c.
3. ., . / . . . .
.:, 1989. 630 .
4. Gritsenko N.I., Kucheev S.I., Litvin P.M. Passivation of silicon surface by ultrathin
dielectric lm in M/Si/nematic/ITO structures // Semicond. Phys., Quant.Elect.and
Optoelect. 2004. 7;2. P.154-156.
5. .., .. - // ,
. , . 2008. 9(49);14. - .193-197.
6. .., ..
Si//ITO // ,. , . 2010.
11(82);19. C.95-100.

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 51

ELECTROOPTICS OF NEMATIC CELL

BASED ON SILICON TREATED BY PLASMA
S.I. Kucheev, Yu.S. Tuchina
Belgorod State University,
Studencheskaya St., 14, Belgorod, 308007, Russia, e-mail: kucheev@bsu.edu.ru
Abstract. The reorientation of nematic liquid crystal and light sensitivity of silicon/nematic/ITO
structure with the plasma treated silicon are investigated. It is shown that the threshold voltages of
reorientation and light sensitivity increase in accordance with the growth of plasma irradiation dose.
For this, it is supposed that the change of threshold voltages of reorientation and light sensitivity is
connected with the formation of nano-dimension oxide lm on silicon surface that induces in turn
the additional ion adsorption on surface and, as the sequence, it leads to the space charge formation
in liquid crystal layer.
Key words: nematic liquid crystal, silicon, light sensitivity, threshold voltage, reorientation.

Copyright & A K-C

52

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

539.2, 539.19
-

..
,
. , 14, , 308007, , e-mail: ShklovskiyAG@mail.ru
. .
, -.
.
: -, , ,
.

1. . [1].
,
- .
- .
, ,
. ,
. ,
, , .
, -
,
.
, .
~ = e2 = me = 1.
[2] - (). ,

[/2 + Vmol (~r )] 1 (~r ) = E1 1 (~r ) ,

Vmol (~r ) =

1
1
+ Vhm (~r ) + Vxcp (~r ) ,
ra rb

(1)

(2)

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 53

Z
Ne 1
n(~r1 )
Vhm (~r ) =
d~r1 ,
Ne
| ~r1 ~r |
Z
Ne 1
n(~r1 ) (F (r1a )F (ra ) + F (r1b )F (rb))
Vxcp(~r ) =
d~r1 .
2
| ~r1 ~r |




~ m /2 ,
ra = ~r R




~ m /2 ,
rb = ~r + R

(3)
(4)

(5)

Rm . F (r),
,

F (x) = x ln(x) exp(x2 ) .
(6)

(4) F (ra ) , F (rb ) b,

F
= 1.085 [(1.085 0.57)/2.2] Rm .
, F (r)
ZR

r 2 F (r)n(r)dr = 0 ,

(7)

- (1).

(~r ):
3/2
(~r ) = p
(exp (ra ) + exp (rb )) .
2 (1 + S())

(8)

S() = (1 + + 2 /3) exp() ,

= Rm ,

(9)

Z
1
1
Emol = 2E1
n(~r1 ) (Vhm (~r1 ) + Vxcp (~r1 )) d~r1 +
,
(10)
2
Rm

E1 (1) (2) .
n(~r )
(1)
n(~r ) = 2 |1 (~r )|2 .
(11)
2 (11) - .

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54

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

(1) . (11) 1 (~r ) (8).

n0 (~r ) =

3
(exp(2ra ) + exp(2rb ) + 2 exp(ra rb )) .
(1 + S())

(12)

(12) (3) Vhm0 (~r ):


1
1
(1 exp(2ra )(1 + ra )) +
Vhm0 (~r ) =
2(1 + S()) ra

(13)


1
2
(1 exp(2rb )(1 + rb)) +
Vh (ra , rb ) .
rb
Rm
, , [3],


9
Vh (ra , rb ) = 1
4




1
1
2
2

3
3


+1
S() ln
+ S()Ei (( + 1)) S()Ei (( 1)) exp() +
1
9
+
2

(14)





1

2
2

S() exp()
++
.
3
6
2

(14) = (ra +rb )/Rm , = (ra rb )/Rm , = Rm

S() (9), Ei(x)
Ei(x) =

exp(t)dt
.
t

Vxcp , ,
F (r). ,
.
. - (4)

1
Vxcp (~r ) = (F (ra )vxcp (ra ) + F (rb )vxcp (rb )) ,
(15)
2

Z
n(~r1 )F (r1a )
vxcp (ra ) =
d~r1 .
(16)
|~r1 ~r |

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 55

, (16) .
(r, z),
2 va (r, z) 2 va (r, z) va (r, z)
+
+
= 4a (r, z),
r 2
z 2
4r 2

va (r, z) = vxcp (ra ) r ,

(17)

a (r, z) = n0 (r, z)F (ra ) r.

(5) ra rb
ra =

r2

+ (z Rm /2) ,

rb =

r 2 + (z + Rm /2)2 .

(18)

, a (r, z) , . (17) , va (r, z), Vxcp (~r ) (15).

, F (ra ) F (rb ) .
, (17)
.
- (1)

1 (~r ) = (~r ) + y(r, z)/ r .

y(r, z) = 0 1 :
Z
E10 = (~r )[/2 + Vmol (~r )](~r )d~r =

(19)

(20)

2
1
= + E00 + Ehc0 ,
2
2




1 (1 + ) exp (2)
E00 =
( 1) (2 )(1 + ) exp()
,
1 + S()

Ehc0 =

n0 (~r ) (Vhm0 (~r ) + Vxcp (~r )) d~r .

(21)

(22)

Vhm0 (~r ) Vxcp (~r ) (13) (15).

(20)

 2

[/2 + Vmol (~r )] (~r ) = + Vhm (~r ) + Vxcp (~r ) (~r ) + Vpm (r, z) ,
2

(23)

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

Vpm (r, z) = p

3/2
2 (1 + S())



1
1

ra
rb

exp (ra ) +

1
1

rb
ra

exp (rb ) .

(23) . (19) (23), (1)


[/2 + Vmol (~r )] y(r, z)
r =



2
E1
Vhm (~r ) Vxcp (~r ) (~r ) Vpm (r, z) ,
= y(r, z) + E1 +
r
2

(24)

(25)

y(r, z) = 0.
(25), E1
E10 (20). ,
r z:
h = rmax /L1 , z = h n , r = h m ,
(26)
m = 1, 2, ..., L1 ,
n = 1, 2, ..., L2 .
L1 r, L2 z, rmax
, 12 .
z < zm = hL2 , z < 0 y(r, z) , z > 0.
(25) :
ym+1,n + ym1,n + ym,n+1 + ym,n1 4ym,n
+
h2



1
2 (Vmol )m,n E10
ym,n = (F F 1)m,n .
+
4 (h m)2





2
(F F 1)m,n = 2 h m E10 +
(Vhm0 )m,n (Vxcp )m,n m,n (Vpm )m,n .
2

Dm,n = 4



1
2
2h (Vmol )m,n E10
4m2

1

(27)

(28)

(29)

ym,n :
h
i
ym,n = Dm,n ym+1,n + ym1,n + ym,n+1 + ym,n1 + h2 (F F 1)m,n ,
(30)

ym,n . ,
(F F 1)m,n ,

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 57

ym,n . . , .
E10 Vhm Vxcp , n0 (~
r ).
(1)
(1)
(~
r
)
=
(~
r
)
+
y
(r,
z)
/
r,
1
(1)
y (r, z) (28)-(30). (11)
,
y (1) (r, z) , .

rZmax

rdr

Zzm
0

2 (r, z) + y (1) (r, z) y (1) (r, z) dz = 0 .

(31)

. , E11

E11 (n) =

E00 Ep0 (n) 2 1

+ (Ehc1 Ehc0 ) .
1 + Ip1 (n)
2
2

(32)

Ip1 (n) =

rZmax

Ep0 (n) =

rZmax

rdr

Zzm

rdr

Zzm

y (n) (r, z) (r, z)dz ,

(33)

y (n) (r, z) ([Vhm (r, z) + Vxcp (r, z)] (r, z) + Vpm (r, z)) (r, z) dz .

(34)
(32-34) n .
. 1 ,
. , 6 ..
0,06.

Copyright & A K-C

58

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 1. y (20) (r, z),

(31).

. 2 ,
, . 1. . 2 ,
. y (20) (r, z). ,
, .
.
.
1
1
E = 2E1 +

Rm 4

Z Z

n (~r1 ) n (~r2 )
(1 F (r1a ) F (r2a ) F (r1b ) F (r2b )) d~r1 d~r2 .
|~r1 ~r2 |

(35)

F (r), - , (6), E1 , (1).

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 59

. 2.
(r, z).

. 3. E(Rm ) H2
Rm [..].

Copyright & A K-C

60

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

,
. - ,
, , . (35)
(15),
-.
,
,
. ,
, . - ,
.
- . - , ,
. , .

Z
1
1
E(Rm ) = 2E1 +

n (~r2 ) VM D (~r2 ) d~r2 ,

(36)
Rm 4
VM D = Vhm0 (~r ) + Vxcp (~r ) .

(37)

Vhm0 (~r ) (13) (14), Vxcp (~r )

(15)-(17).
- ,
,
.
, ,
, -,
, . h = 0, 03 ..

. ,
.
, . 3 , E1 . . 1
E(Rm ).

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 61

E(Rm ) H2

Rm
1,5

= 1.085
[(1.0850.57)/2.2]Rm
0,733864

1,48

0,738545

1,46

0,743227

1,44

0,747910

1,42

0,752591

1,40

0,757273

1,39

0,759613

1,38

0,761954

1,37

0,764295

E(Rm )

1,350
1,374
1,400
1,350
1,375
1,400
1,375
1,385
1,400
1,385
1,395
1,405
1,395
1,405
1,415
1,400
1,410
1,420
1,400
1,410
1,420
1,410
1,420
1,430
1,400
1,420
1,440

-1,166647
-1,166830
-1,166610
-1,167000
-1,167292
-1,167183
-1,167642
-1,167691
-1,167644
-1,167973
-1,168000
-1,167970
-1,168205
-1,168218
-1,168169
-1,168310
-1,168340
-1,168307
-1,168300
-1,168354
-1,168345
-1,168324
-1,168340
-1,168294
-1,168148
-1,168289
-1,168182

Rm H2 , -
(6), (8).
, . 3.

Copyright & A K-C

62

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 4. E(Rm )
Rm = 1, 38961 .. 1,38 1,40 ..

. 4 1,38 1,40 .. E(Rm )

Rm = 1, 38961.. ,
.
. 4 E(Rm )
1,38 1,40 .. Rm = 1, 38961 ..
. . . 4

. ,
E(Rm ), . , [1].
,
,
. 4.
E(Rm ) = 1, 168354 + 0, 135335 (x 1, 3896)2 .

(38)

mM D = mp /2 =918,075 ..

r
k1
0 =
,
(39)
mM D
k1 .
(36) Rm = Rm0 = 1, 3896

d2 E(Rm ) 
k1 =
.
(40)

2
dRm
Rm =Rm0

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 63

(38) , , k1 = 0, 135335
2 0 (39):
0 = 27, 2117

0, 135335 2
= 0, 467228 .
918, 075

(41)

0 , .. 0,234 . 0,27 [3],

.

. -1 .

0
.
(42)
E = E(Rm0 ) + 1 +
2
, (41),
E = 27, 2117 (1, 168354 + 1) +

0
= 4, 35 .
2

(43)

[3] -4,45 , 0,1

(43) . h =0,03 .., ,
. , , , ,
-31,9 . (41) -31,79 ,
0,3%.
.. .

1. .., .. -
// . . . 2008. 9(49);14. C.123-136.
2. .. - // .
- . 2007. 6(37);13. . 150-155.
3. . / . . .: , 1965
588 c.

Copyright & A K-C

64

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

THE KOHN-SHEM EQUATION SOLUTION

OF HYDROGEN MOLECULE ON THE BASIC FUNCTION METHOD
A.G. Shklovskiy
Belgorod State University,
Studencheskaya St., 14, Belgorod, 308007, Russia, e-mail: ShklovskiyAG@mail.ru
Abstract. This article describes Solution of the Kohn-Shem equation which is described the
hydrogen molecule has been found using the basic function method. It provides to solve two- and
three-dimensional problems numerically during the real time. It is investigated the dependence of
the total energy and the hydrogen molecule bound energy on the distance between nuclei.
Key words: Kohn-Shem equation, hydrogen molecule, bound energy, basic function.

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 65

669.295:539.5


(+)- 16

.. , .. , ..
-
,
,
. , 85, , 308015, , e-mail: manohin@bsu.edu.ru
. ( ) () - 16

.
: 16, ,
.

1. . ,
. , ,
. . , [1,2].
,
(+)- 16,
[3]. 16 [4].

573-873 K.

.
2. .
, (+)- Ti-Al-Mo-V. 16
(.%): Al-3.2, Mo-5.4, V-4.4, Fe-0.6, Zr-0.3, O-0,2,
Si-0.1, N-0.05, H-0.0015, Ti.
, 124 33.1100. +. 1073-1123 K.

Copyright & A K-C

66

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

20 50%. Tecnai G2 F20 S-TWIN

200 ()
().
()
EDAX TIA Genesis Microanalysis. ARL XTRA.
CuK . PowderCell v2.4.
3. . , (..) 11385 K.
+- (.. -20-40 ) , - -. ()
- -
0,5 (. 1 ).
(. 1 ).

. 1. 16 :
) 1093 K , ) 50%.
.

, (. 2).

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 67

. 2. 16 :
) 1093 K , ) 50%.

20% - (34-36) (110) (020) , - (100) . (111+021) , (112+022) (200+130) .

, -. 50%
- (. 2).

. 3. 16 ,
50% 823 K:
) 30 2 ; ) [100] ;
) - ) .

Copyright & A K-C

68

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

573-773 K . ,
, (. 3 , 3 ).
, (
-). - -
(. 3 3 ).
4. . 16
, -.
. - , - - 20 ,
.
- 2009-2013 . 02.740.11.0137 329,
2.1.2/9427

.

1. Wong J.Y. Biomaterials / J.Y. Wong, Y. Joyce , J.D. Bronzino, D. Joseph // New
York: CRC Press, 2007. 365 p.
2. ..
/ .. //
. 2009. 11-12. .69-81.
3. Moiseyev N. Titanium Alloys: Russian Aircraft and Aerospace Applications / Moiseyev,
N. Valentin // Taylor and Francis, 2006. 207 p.
4. .. 16 / .. , .. , .. [ .] //
. . 2010. 76;12. C.45-49.

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 69

STRUCTURAL AND PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS OF

ORTHORHOMBIC MARTENSITE
IN THE (+)-TITANIUM ALLOY VT16
AT DEFORMATION AND THERMAL INFLUENCE
S.S. Manokhin, M.B. Ivanov, Yu.R. Kolobov
Research, Education and Innovation Centre
Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnologies,
Belgorod National Research University,
Pobedy St., 85, Belgorod, 308015, Russia, e-mail: manohin@bsu.edu.ru
Abstract. Titanium alloy VT16 after cold rolling at various deformation degree and aging have
been studied by means of transmission electronic microscopy and X-ray diraction. Orthorhombic
martensite ( -phase) under the inuence of cold plastic deformation by rolling undergo phase
transformations with hexagonal close packing lattice -phases formation. It has established that
there is the crushing of orthorhombic martensite plates with grain-subgrain nanostructure
formation with the deformation degree increasing by rolling and they are formed nanostructure
with grain sizes about 20 nm after aging.
Key words: titanium alloy VT16, decomposition of the metastable phases, high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy.

Copyright & A K-C

70

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

537.9
,


.. , .. , .. , ..
,
. , 85, , 308015, , e-mail: sudzhanskaya@bsu.edu.ru
. , 100
-
. , ,
. ,
,
, sp3 .
: , ,
, , , .

1. . , , sp3 - ( 80%) [1].

(), . (> 10 ) [2], 2 .
. ,
, , , [3]. ,
sp2 -
[4], .

, .
1. . , 100

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 71

4,5 - , [5].
0,001 ,
-4-0,15 10
2.0 , 80 0,1 . 1000 300 .
, [6]. NTEGRA AURA
NT-MDT. , , , -8,
, 0,1 H, 0,25 H, 0,5
. 15 .
2. . . 1
(PN).

. 1. ()
(PN).

, 13 7 0,003
0,03 , sp2 - [4]. 7
2 0,03 0,3
. , 0,1 - 0,3
[3].

Copyright & A K-C

72

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

, . . 1.
1
,

1
2 C:N
3 C:N

,
0,003
0,03
0,3

ax. ,
2,55
13,8
20,8

,
0,16
0,56
0,65

, ,
, ,
, .
. 2. . 3
.

. 2. (Si),
,
0,003 , 0,03 , 0,3 .

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 73

. 3. (Si),
,
0,003 , 0,03 , 0,3 .

, .
,
.
[7].
.
1. , 0,003 0,3 13 2,1 .
sp2 - .
2. ,
0,16 0,65 .
3. , , ,
.
- " 2009-2013 . ( 1223, 924)
.

Copyright & A K-C

74

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

1. .., .., .. . , // . 2005. 3. 1-2. .43-53.

2. .., .., .., .., ..
// . 2008. 3. 910. .69-73.
3. .., .., .., ..,
.., .. //
. 2011. 6. 3-4. .43-45.
4. Veerasamy V.S., Yuan J., Amaratunga G.A.J., Milne W.I. Nitrogen doping of highly
tetrahedral amorphous carbon // Physical Rewiew B. 1993. 48;24. P.17954-17959.
5. .., .., ..
// . 1985.
3. .146-149.
6. Stoney G.G. The Tension of Metallic Films Deposited by Electrolysis // Proc. R. Soc.
Lond. A. 1909. 82. P.172-175.
7. .., .., .., .. , , - // . 2010. 5. 1-2. .1-4.
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN PRESSURE ON COMPRESSIVE STRESS,
SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OF NANO-SIZE CARBON FILMS
I.V. Sudzhanskaya, A.Ya. Kolpakov, A.I. Poplavsky, I.Yu. Goncharov
Belgorod State University,
Pobedy St., 85, Belgorod, 308015, Russia, e-mail: sudzhanskaya@bsu.edu.ru
Abstract. Carbon-nitrogen lms of thickness up to 100 nm have been obtained by impulse
vacuum-arc method on the silicon wafers. Dependencies of compressive stress, roughness, mechanical
properties of nano-size carbon coatings on nitrogen pressure have been investigated. It has demonstrated that the increase of nitrogen pressure in vacuum chamber leads to the decrease of internal
compressive stress of coatings, to the increase of roughness and to the decrease of mechanical
properties that is connected with the decrease of the sp3 -hybridization fraction.
Keywords: nano-size carbon-nitrogen lms, compressive stress, microhardness, crack-resistance,
surface morphology.

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 75

: 533.72

1)
.. ) , .. ) , )

,
. , 14, , 308007, , e-mail: e-mail: malay@bsu.edu.ru
, , 127412
. - (, )
. .
: -, , .

. , ,
, .
, , ,
( ) [1-3]. (), (), ().
- - . : ( 500 ) ( 10 );
(> 1010 3 ). , , (-) ,
, , ..
, .
, .
, .

. , , , , .
1

- " " ( 02.740.11.0545)

Copyright & A K-C

76

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

,
..
, , , ,
, ..

, .

Kn =
[1-3]. L
, Kn 0.01, 0.01 Kn 0.3
Kn 1. ,
L .
.

. ,
(TpS Tg )/Tg 1, , (TpS Tg )/Tg 0(1) (TpS
, Tg
). p g ; s ,
, .
(
), .
(, )
, ..
.
, [4-5].
( )
( ).
,
.
, , , , , " " [6]. [6] ,

.
-

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 77

-
.
1. .
-
.

(, ,
..). - . . , .
(TpS Tg /Tg ) 0(1), , .
[7]
g = g (Tg /Tg ) ,

g = g (Tg /Tg ) ,

g = g /tg

0.5 6 , 6 1.0 ,

g = g (Tg ); g = g (Tg ); g = g (Tg ); g , g , g ,

, tg = Tg /Tg , Tg .
, . ,

"- " ( ) , t0 (r), .. g (t(r, ))
g (t0 (r)). t(r, ) = t0 (r) + t(r, ), t(r, ) t0 (r) , t(r, ) , t0 (r) .
Ug ,
Pg Tg
[4-6]

g Ui = 0 ,
xi

Pg
ik
=
,
Pg = ng kTg ,
(1)
xi
xk


Tg

Tg
g cpg Uk
=
g
,
(2)
xk
xk
xk
Ui xi , i = 1, 2, 3; cpg
; ik ; (1)-(2) .
, ,
(1) (2). ,
ik , " " :


 2

2g
Tg
1 2 Tg
Ui Uk 2 Um
ik = g
+
ik
K1
ik 2
xk
xi
3
xm
g Tg xi xk 3
xm

Copyright & A K-C

78

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23



2g
Tg Tg 1
Tg Tg
ik
.
K2
g Tg2 xi xk 3 xm xm

(3)

K1 , K2 .
, , , : T s , K1 = s1 , K2 = s1 ss2 , s1, s2 (
s = 1 , s1 = 3, s2 = 0, s = 1/2, s1 = 2.418, s2 =
0.99).
(Re = (g RU )/g 1) (1) - (3) Re :
V (y, ) = V0 (y, ) + Re V1 (y, ) + Re2 V2 (y, ) + (Vg = Ug /U )
t(y, ) = t0 (y) + Re t1 (y, ) + (y = r/R).

, ..
, , V 0 = 0

V (y, ) = Re V1 (y, ) + Re2 V2 (y, ) + .

, Re .
(1)-(2)
Vr = G(y) cos ,
Pg = 1 + h(y) cos ,

V = g(y) sin ,

(4)

t = t0 (y) + Re t1 (y) cos .

(5)

(4)-(5) (1)-(2), , 3-
G(y)
d3 G
d2 G
dG
2
+
y
(4
+

l)
y 2 (4 + 2 l 3 l2 )
y (2 l)l2 3 G +
1
3
2
dy
dy
dy


2 t1
dt0 dt1 d2 t0
D
0
+
(K2 2K1 )
2 t1 = ,
2
y
dy dy
dy
t0

1/(1+)
1+
2 +2
1
1 = 1 + , 2 = 2
, 3 =
, tg0 = 1 + 0 /y
,
1+
(1 + )2

y4

= o /(y + 0 ) , 0 , D .



(1 + ) y d2
2 d
2
G(y) =
+

,
Rr l d2 y y dy y 2

t1 (y) = (y)/tgo , e =

d
2
+ ,
dy y

(6)

2


d4e
d3 e
4
3
2 d e
2
2 de
+
y
(10
+

l)
+
y
18
+

l
+

l
y
+
y

l
+

l
+
5
6
7
8
9
d2 y
dy
dy 4
dy 3
5

(6)

(7)

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 79

+ y t
10 e =
0

l D
t0

(8)

5 = (1 3), 6 = (41 2 14), 8 = 21 22 4, 9 = 2 21 , 7 = (3 2 1 ) ,

10 = 2

Pr
(K2 2 K1 ) ,
(1 + )2

Pr = g cpg /g .

,
1 (1 + 1) 2

t0
= (1 )()/(1+) = (1 )1 = 1 + 1 +
+
2!
1 (1 + 1)(1 + 2) 3
1 (1 + 1)(1 + 2) (1 + n 1) n
++
,
3!
n!
0 (0 + 1)
/(1+)
+
t
= (1 )0 = 1 + 0 +
0 = (1 )
2!
0 (0 + 1)(2 + 2) 3
0 (1 + 1)(2 + 2) (0 + n 1) n
+
++
.
3!
n!
(8)
+

y5

2


d3 e
d4e
4
3
2 d e
2
2 de
+
y
(10
+

)
+
y
18
+

+
y

+
5
6
7
8
9
4
3
d2 y
dy
dy
dy

1 (1 + 1) 2 1 (1 + 1)(1 + 2) 3
2
+10 y 1 +1 +
+
+ +
2!
3!

1 (1 + 1)(1 + 2) (1 + n 1) n
+
e
n!

0 (0 + 1) 2 0 (0 + 1)(0 + 2) 3
D
= 5 1 + 0 +
+
+
2!
3!
y

0 (0 + 1)(0 + 2) (0 + n 1) n
++
.
n!

(9)

y = 0 (9) [8,9].
[8,9].
(9) ( 1)( + 1)( + 4) = 0,
: 1 = 4 , 2 = 1 , 3 = 0 , 4 = 1. ,
(9), y ,
:
(1)
e

0 X (1) n
= 4
C ,
y n=0 n

(1)

C0 = const ,

= Pr /(1 + ) ,

Copyright & A K-C

80

(2)
e

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

ln y X (1) n
0 X (2) n
=
C + 2 0 4
C ,
y n=0 n
y n=0 n

C0 = const ,

ln y X (1) n
0 X (3) n
= 2
C + 3 0 4
C ,
y n=0 n
y n=0 n

C0 = const .

(2)

(9)
(3)
e

(1)

(2)

(3)

(3)

Cn , n > 1; Cn , n > 4; Cn , n > 3 ( ).

(9) , (7) Vr V Vg Pg ,
. . , ;
, - ..
,
. ,
. - (, ) .
.

1. .., .., .. / / .. . -: . -, 1993. 235 .

2. .., .. /
.. . : , 1985. 205 .
3. .., .. / .. . .: ,
2005. 460 c.
4. ., . / . . .:, 1976. 630 .
5. .., .. / .. . .: ,
1954. 795 .

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 81

6. .., .., .. ,
.
// -. 1976. 119;1. .111-124.
7. . . /
. . .: , 1966. 535 c.
8. .. . II / .. . .: ,1974. 655 .
9. .. / .. . .: - ., 1958. 474 .
ABOUT SOME KINEMATIC EFFECTS
OF FLOWS IN FLUID MECHANICS
N.V. Malay, E.R. Shchukin, Thuhoai
Belgorod State University,
Studencheskaya St., 14, Belgorod, 308007, Russia, e-mail: malay@bsu.edu.ru
Abstract. Problems connected with the velocity linearzed equation obtained from the NaveStokes one are analyzed at Reynoldss numbers being much smaller than one with the account of
the power dependence of transport coecients (viscosity, thermal conductivity) and density of the
gas medium on temperature. Barnetts terms in the strength tensor are taken into account.
Key words: Nave-Stokes equation, transport coecients, Barnetts approximation.

Copyright & A K-C

82

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

: 533.72


2)
..
,
. , 14, , 308007, , e-mail: mironovanadya@mail.ru
. - ( )
. ,
. ,
.
: -, , ,
.

, .. [1, 2]. , , ..
, .
(, ), (, )
. , ,
.
. , ,
, , ..
, () , .
qp (x, y, z). , .
2

" - " 2009 - 2013 ( 29 25 2010 .)

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 83

, .
(, ,
) , ,
.
, ,
. , -
. . , ,

.
( )
. , , ,
, .
U (U || Oz), .
, ,
() ( ) ,
, U = Up (Up
).
Ug , Pg Tg
Tp
[1,2]:
 

Pg

Uk Uj
2 j Um
=
g
+
k
+ Fk , m, k, j = 1, 2, 3,
(1)
xk
xj
xj
xk
3 xm

lim U (, ) = 0 ,

div(g Ug ) = 0 ,

(2)

div (g Tg ) = 0 ,

(3)
(4)

div (p Tp ) = qp
lim U (, ) = 0 ,

lim Tp ( ) = lim Tg ( ) ,

4
g (Tg e ) = p (Tp e ) + 0 1 (Tg4 T
) ( = 0 ) ,

(5)

Copyright & A K-C

84

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

lim U (, ) = U cos , lim U (, ) = U sin , lim Tg ( ) = T , lim Pg ( ) = P ,

lim Tp ( ) 6= ,

(6)
(7)

(x1 , x2 , x3 ) , U U U g , U
, 0 , 1
-, Fk F mg (Ug F mg
, , ,
). = 0 .
(5)
, .
(6). (7)
.
, z .

g , g g
g = g tg ,

g = g tg ,

p = p tp ,

g = g tg ,

g = g (Tg ), g = g (Tg ), p = p (Tp ), g = g (Tg ), tk = Tk /Tg

(k = g, p) . g , p ,
, .. .
,
, , .

[3, 4]:
tg = tg0 + tg1 + ... ,

tp = tp0 + tp1 + ... ,

(8)

= Re = g U a/g , tg = Tg /T .
,
, .. p g ,
g (tg ) g (tg0 ). , tg
tp (8) . (8) (3)-(4)
tg0 tp0 :
1

tg0 () = (1 + arcctg )(1+)

(9)

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 85

tp0 () = B0 + arcctg +

f0 arcctg d arcctg

= sh , 0 = sh 0 , = g /p ,

f0 =

1+
2p T

1
1+

f0 d

c2 (2 + x2 )qp dx,

(10)

x = cos ,

(TS /T )1+ 1
,
arcctg 0
; TS .
B0 , (9) (10), (5).
(9) ,
, ,
. (9) g = g tg0 .
- :
=

U (, ) =



U
A1 G1 (sh ) + c2 G2 (sh ) + DG4 (sh ) cos ,
c ch H

U (, ) =

G6 =


U 
A1 G6 (sh ) + c2 G7 (sh ) + DG8 (sh ) sin ,
2 c H

dG1
0
G1
+
,
2
d
1 + (1 + )t1+
g0
G8 =

G7 =

(11)
(12)

dG2
0
G2
+
,
2
d
1 + (1 + )t1+
g0

dG4
0
G4
.
+
2
d
1 + (1 + )t1+
g0

A1 D, (11), (12),
(5) :
A1 = c2

G2 (0 )G4 (0 ) G2 (0 )G4 (0 )
,
G1 (0 )G4 (0 ) G1 (0 )G4 (0 )

D = c2

G2 (0 )G1 (0 ) G2 (0 )G1 (0 )
. (13)
G1 (0 )G4 (0 ) G1 (0 )G4 (0 )

, ,
:
g U
F = 4
Dnz ,
(14)
c
nz Oz.
(14) (13) D,
F = 4g U

G2 (0 )G1 (0 ) G2 (0 )G1 (0 )
c
nz .
G1 (0 )G4 (0 ) G1 (0 )G4 (0 )

(15)

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86

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

, ,
(R = a). (15)

F = 6ag U K nz ,

(16)

K , , ,
2
G2 (0 )G1 (0 ) G2 (0 )G1 (0 )
p
K =

,
G1 (0 )G4 (0 ) G1 (0 )G4 (0 )
3 1 + 20
G1 , G2 , G4 TS = 0 . TS ,
(5).
qp :

Z
t1+
1
1+
1+
4
2
3
S
(tS 1)
(1 + 0 )h0 0 1 T =
qp dV ,
(17)
arcctg 0
g
4cg T V
q

2
2
1
+

+
1
0

c
,
ln q
h0 = 1 + q 0
2
2
2
2 1 + 0
1 + 0 1
.
, , Up , . , U = Up ,

Up =

2 (p g )
abg nz .
9 g K

(18)

(16) (18) , ,
( )
. (16) (18) . , ,
(16), (18) , [5]:
F = 6ag U K nz ,

(19)

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 87

Up =

2 (p g )
abg nz ,
9 g K

(20)


1
4
K = q
0 + (1 20 ) arcctg 0
.
3 1 + 20

, qp , (17) TS , (16) (18)

.
,
, , , . ,
(16) (18)
.
-
.
,
[6], .. . , qp
[6]. ,
. ,
0 , .
[6]:

ch cos

I0 ,
2
2
2 , 0 0 ,
c(ch

sin
)
qp =
(21)

0,
0
,
2

I0 .
(19) ,
Z
qp dV = a2 I0

(22)

, (20) (17), ,
:
1+
(1 + )a2
t1+
1
S
4
2
3
(tS 1)
(1 + 0 )h0 0 1 T =
I0 .
arcctg 0
g
4cg T

(23)

Copyright & A K-C

88

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

, ,
.
, ( ) . ,
, ( ).
b a (16) (18) . ,
. , .
i c ic.

1. . / . . .:
, 1960.
2. .., .. / .. . - .: , 1986.
3. - . / . -. .:
, 1967.
4. . / . . .: , 1984.
5. . . /
. . -.: , 1966.
6. ., . / . . .: , 1986.

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 89

GRAVITATIONAL MOVEMENT PECULIARITIES

OF SOLID NON-UNIFORMLY HEATED AEROSOL PARTICLE
OF THE SPHEROIDAL FORM
N.N. Mironova
Belgorod state university,
Studencheskaya st., 14, Belgorod, 308007, Russia, e-mail: mironovanadya@mail.ru
Abstract. The problem connected with the inuence of the form-factor (ratio of semi-axles)
existence and the surface heating of solid aerosol particle of spheroidal form on the force and its
velocity in gravity eld is analyzed. It is supposed that the average temperature of particle surface
may be essentially diered from the surrounding temperature. Numerical estimates have shown that
the heating of particle surface gives essential inuence on the resistance force and the velocity of
gravitational falling.
Key words: Stokes equation, gravitational movement, heated particle, spheroid.

Copyright & A K-C

90

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

517.958

3)
..
,
. , 14, , 308007, , e-mail: virch@bsu.edu.ru
. , , , ,
.
: , ,
.

1. . (., , [1]),

v j + (vk k )vk = fj ,

j = 1, 2, 3

(1)

v : D [0, T ] D R3 ,

t [0, T ]. () = ()/t k ()
()/xk , k = 1, 2, 3; x = hx1 , x2 , x3 i - D
f = hf1 , f2 , f3 i D.
. (1) v
k vk = 0 ,

(2)

, , , (1).
, t, (1) (2)
, fj = 0, j = 1, 2, 3, (1)
v j + (vk k )vk = 0 ,

j = 1, 2, 3 .

(3)

() .
3

- " " ( 02.740.11.0545)

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 91

, (2), (3) . , [2]. ,

, (2) (2), (3) ,
(.. ). , [3,4] , R2 (.. ) .
, R2 .
(2), (3)
(2) ,
R3 (, R2 ).
2. . v D R3 ,
33- (k vj ), j, k = 1, 2, 3 x D t [0, T ] (
). . v R2 , 22- v,
(v3 = 0, 3 vj = 0, j = 1, 2).
vj Fj (x, t), j = 1, 2, 3. det (k vj ) 6= 0,
t [0, T ], x D
v,
xj = Gj (v, t) ,
(., , [6]).
,




xk
Gk
Fm
kl =
=
Bkm Aml ,
xl
vm v=F (x,t) xl
( k, l = 1, 2).


Fj
det A det
6= 0 , x D ,
xk

det B det

k, l = 1, 2, 3

Gj
vk

(4)

6= 0 ,

v.
,


xk
Gk
Gm
0=
=
v m +
, k = 1, 2, 3 .
(5)
t
vm v=F (x,t)
t
F (x, t)
v m + (vk k )Fm = 0 ,
,


vk = A1 km v m ,

k = 1, 2, 3 .

Copyright & A K-C

92

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

(4)
1

km

= Bkm =

Gk
vk =
vm

Gk
vm

v m ,

v=F (x,t)

k = 1, 2, 3 .

v=F (x,t)

, (5),


Gk
t

= vk ,

v=F (x,t)

vk , k = 1, 2, 3 t x(v, t),
xk
= vk ,
t

k = 1, 2, 3 ,

xk = vk t + Qk (v) ,

k = 1, 2, 3 ,

Q(v) = Gk (v, 0) vj (x, 0) = Fj (x, 0).

,
. (3)
x = vt + Q(v) ,

(6)

Q(v) v = F (x, 0).

. R2 . , 1, 2.
3. . F (x, t), (6), (2).
xk ,
jk =

xj
= tk vj + k [Qj (F (x, t))] =
xk


Qj
= tAjk +
Amk ,
vm v=F (x,t)

j, k = 1, 2, 3 ,

1 = (t + C)A ,

(7)

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 93

Cjk =

Qj
vm

v=F (x,t)

, det A 6= 0, , (7),
(t + C)1 = A .

(8)

, (7) , ,
F (x, t), :
Sp CA = 3
( 2).
(8),
Sp C(t + C)1 = 3 ,

(9)

, xk , k = 1, 2, 3 t vk , k = 1, 2, 3, t,
, C, v, (9)
t [0, T ].
.
. (2), (3) R2 R3 .
 , (9)
Sp C(t + C)1 = 2 .

(10)

22- C -
1 , , , v.
C (10)
1
= 2,
t + 1
t [0, T ]. .
( 0, (10) 0 = 2.) 1 2 C (
), det C 6= 0. C 1 , ,
(10)
!

X
X
k k k
2 = Sp
(1) t C
=
(1)k tk Sp C k .
k=0

k=0

t [0, T ],
Sp C 1 = Sp C 2 = ... = 0 .

Copyright & A K-C

94

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

- (., , [5]) 22- C 1 ,

C 2 C 1 Sp C 1 + det C 1 = 0 ,
det C 1 = [(Sp C 1 )2 Sp C 2 ] /2, C 2 = 0.
, det C 1 = det C = 0.
. 1 , 2 , 3 C (, 3 ) ,
C (9)
1
2
+
= 3.
t + 1 t + 2
t 0.
, det C 6= 0,
!

X
X
k k k
3 = Sp
(1) t C
=
(1)k tk Sp C k .
k=0

k=0

t [0, T ],
Sp C 1 = Sp C 2 = Sp C 3 = ... = 0 .
- C 1


C 3 C 2 Sp C 1 + C 1 (Sp C 1 )2 Sp C 2 /2 det C 1 = 0 ,




i
1h
3
1
2
1 3
1
2Sp C = 3Sp C Sp C + Sp C
. [5] .
det C =
6
C 3 = 0 , , , det C = 0. 

1. .., .. / .. . .: , 1988.
732 c.
2. . / . . ., 1902.
C.5-61.
3. .. // . . . . 2011. 5(100);22.
C.133-139.

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 95

4. .. // Second International Russian-Kazakh Symposium "Mixed type

equations and related problems of analysis and informatics"Nalchik 23-27 May 2001 /
Proceedings. : - , 2001.
C.54-55.
5. .. / .. . .: , 1966. 576 c.
6. .., .. / .. . .: , 1978. 688 c.

NONSTATIONARY SOLUTIONS OF DYNAMICAL EQUATIONS

OF IDEAL INCOMPRESSIBLE LIQUID
Yu.P. Virchenko
Belgorod State University,
Studencheskaya St., 14, Belgorod, 308007, Russia, e-mail: virch@bsu.edu.ru
Abstract. It is proved that the Euler equation system described the dynamics of velocity eld
of ideal incompressible liquid have no nonstationary solutions when external force is absent. It is
realized due to additional dierential equation to which the eld is subjected, i.e. the so-called
incompressibility condition.
Key words: ideal incompressible liquid, Eulers equation, nonstationary solution.

Copyright & A K-C

96

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

538.975

BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3
.. , ..
,
-, 14, , 394026, , e-mail: s_gridnev@mail.ru
,
-, 14, , 394026, , e-mail: mad_nik@bk.ru
. BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 . 300 800 ,
, . ,
. 1/f;
, .
: , , , , , .

, , , , -
(PZT) [1-3].
,
.
,
,
PZT.
[4]; [5-9];

, [10];
( , ,

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 97

PZT), [11]
.
, 3
Pb2+ Bi3+ [12-14]. , (6s)3 Bi3+
, (6s)2 Pb2+ . iLi0.6 W0.4 O3 [12]. ,
, ,
. ,
, .
BiZn2/3 Sb1/3
O3 .
1.
BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 ,
[15].
Bi2 O3 , ZnO Sb2 O3 , .
, 30 .
90 C 2
.
() 810 K.
40285 .

5 20 .
.
. 1.
1
BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3

,
/2

BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 70

, C
,

810

,
/2
120

,
o

1000

. , 200 .

Copyright & A K-C

98

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. ,
. 6,92 3 .
600 o C 30 .
2.
(Fe ) ,
Rigaku Ultima IV (. 1), ,
= 10,4951
A. I (2)
PCPDF WIN [11]. ,
.

. 1. BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 .

t = (rO + rA ) / 2(rO + rB ), rO , rA rB ,
, [16].
BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 , , , t = 0,86. t < 1 , CaTiO3 , .
t < 1, Pb Bi, PZT BiFeO3 , 6p Pb/Bi 2 .
[17], , ,
t < 1
, ,
. ,

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 99

BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 Bi3+ ,

.
BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3
350 800 K .
. 2 3 .

. 2.
BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 100 .

, 780 .
.
BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 .
. 4. 780 , ,
.
*, , ,
[18 20]. , *
.
,
, .
, , . [18]. ,

Copyright & A K-C

100

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 3.
BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 100 .

. 4. BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 .

1/f [21],
[22].
1/f .
(, ) [21], ..
, 1/f ,

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 101

, , ,
, ,
1/f, . .
( 1/f) BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 .
()
. 3. [21], :
S () =

(1)

p(t)
. = 1.
, 1.
1/ (. 5)

. 5. 1/ 660 .

, . 1. a (1) 1/f

S( ) = /, ln() = ln(2f) (. 6). ,
1,66 1,87 510 670 , . 7.
, () .
.

[23]. , , ,

Copyright & A K-C

102

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

, , 1,6 ( = 2 ).
= 1, 1/f, = 0
.

.6. /
BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 .

. 7. a .

1/f , ,

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 103

, , . , ,
, . 1/f ,
,
< 1/ ,
[23].
, 1/f
. (. 7) , .
(1) 1,66
1,87. [22], < 1 , , , , ,
..
, , 1/f,
, . [24] ,
,
.

. 8. BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 .

, , ,
, . 8. ,

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104

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 9. ln BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 .

Ea , 0,93 BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 (. 9). ,

:
 
Ea
= 0 exp
,
(2)
kT

0 , ; k , 1 ; Ea , ; , ;
Ea [18, 21].

BiZn2/3
Sb1/3 O3 .
. 780 , .
,

. 1/f , , *.
, .
.

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 105

Ea , 0,93 . Ea
.
14.740.12.0855
()

1. Zhang N., Ke W., Schneider T. and Srinivasan G. // J. Phys: Condens. Matter.

2006. 18. P.11013-11019.
2. Zhai J., Cai N., Shi Z., Lin Y., and Nan C-W. // J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2004.
37. P.823-827.
3. Pan D. A., Bai Y., Chu W. Y., and Qiao L. J. // J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 2008.
V.20. 025203(4pp).
4. Wang Y., Wu. J., Xiao D., Zhang B., Wu W., Shi W and Zhu J // J. Phys. D: Appl.
Phys. 2008. 41. P.245401(6pp).
5. Xie R-J. and Akimune Y. // J. Mater. Chem. 2002. 12. P.3156-3161.
6. Yasuda N., Hashimoto S., Ohwa H., Sakurada O., Fujita K., Yamashita Y., Iwata M.,
and Ishibashi Y. // Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 2009. 48. P.09KC06(5pp).
7. .., .., .., .., .., .. // . 2009. 51;3. .547-553.
8. Gao D., Kwok K.W., Lin D., and Chan H.L.W. // J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2009.
42. P.035411(6pp).
9. Juan D.U., Wang J. F., Zheng L. M., Wang C. M., Peng Q.I. // Chin. Phys. Lett.
2009. 26;2. P.027701(4pp).
10. Zhao W., Ya J., Xin Y., Liu Z., and Zhao D. // Recent Patents of Materials Science.
2008. l. P.241-248.
11. Isikawa Y., Akiyama Y., and Hayashi T. // Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 2009. 48.
P.09KD03.

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106

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

12. .., .., .. // . . . . 2010. 74;9.

.1315-1318.
13. Inaguma Y. and Katsumata T. // Ferroelectrics. 2003. 286. P.111-117.
14. Gridnev S.A., Kalgin A.V., and Lisitsky D.A. // Integrated Ferroelectrics. 2009.
109. P.61-69.
15. .. / .. . .: , 1972. 288 .
16. .. . 4 . / .. ,
.. , .. . .: , 1979. .2. .
432 .
17. Kagimura R. (Ba,K,La)ZrO3 as a possible leadfree ferroelectric: Density functional
calculations / R. Kagimura, M. Suewattana, D. Singh. // Phys. Rev. B. 2008. 78.
P.12-13.
18. .. . / .. . .: , 1996. 472 .
19. .., .. , .. , .. // . .
. 1998. 62;8. C.1579.
20. .., .. , .. // . C. . 2001.
65;8. C.1122.
21. .. / .. .
.: , 2009. 366 .
22. Jonscher A.K. Universal Relaxation Law / A.K. Jonscher. London: Chelsea Dielectrics, 1996. 214 p.
23. .., .. , .. // . C. . 2007.
64;4. C.1342-1347.
24. Lunkenheimer P.V., Bobnar A.V., Pronin et al. // Phys. Rev. B. 2002. 66;5.
P.052105.

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DIELECTRIC AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF NEW

LEAD-FREE CERAMIC BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3
S.. Gridnev, N.A. Tolstykh
Voronezh State Technical University,
Moskovskii pr., 14, Voronezh, 394026, Russia, e-mail: Russia, s_gridnev@mail.ru
Voronezh State Technical University,
Moskovskii pr., 14, Voronezh, 394026, Russia, e-mail: mad_nik@bk.ru
Abstract. A new lead-free composition BiZn2/3 Sb1/3 O3 has been prepared using a standard
ceramic technology. In the temperature range from 300 to 800 K the features of temperature
dependences of the real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and as well as electric
resistivity were studied. They are related to the presence of the structural phase transition in this
material. Data of the dierential thermal analysis have shown that the phase transition observed in
the studied material is the rst order phase transition. In samples of the new ceramic material the
dielectric noise of 1/f type was revealed. An increase in noise intensity with temperature increasing
indicates a change in the dynamic heterogeneity of samples.
Keywords: lead-free ceramics, ferroelectrics, dielectric constant, phase transition, dielectric
noise, resistivity.

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108

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

620.171
CD-
.. , ..
- ,
. 50 , 94, , 305040, , e-mail: apk3527@mail.ru
- ,
. 50 , 94, , 305040, , e-mail: timakov.dmitry@gmail.com
. , , . , .
: , - , ,
, .

, , , , , -
, , ,
, . ,
- ()
[1]. , ( 5 )
, , , - .
, , . ( 150
) , ,
[2]. [3] () ( 2500 ) , 3 104 . ( 4 150 ) (
1071 1051 ), 0.2 .

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[4],
- ,
( 0.77) , : ( d2 = 1041
(1011 ),
10.4 kT . , [5],
,
- . - , , .
1.
, ( 5 ) , ,
, - .

(551.2 )
500 (. 1),
(vector pulse) (. 2.) , ,
.

. 1. .

,
AIST-NTSmartSPM (. ). fpC01S, 10 .
Gwyddion 2.19.
( 10 )
0.5. (

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110

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 2. .

) : E = (Fl)/(Sx), E , (), F (), S ,

(2 ), l (), x
().
,
AIST-NT OmegaScope.

. 3. (1) (2) .

:
= N/(dK), , N , , , d
, 7 1011 2 /.
(. 3), , ,
[1-5].

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 111

, , , . ,
,
.
14.740.12.0855
() ,
- 2009-2012
( 288).

1. .. , /. 2008. 50;12.
.2113-2142.
2. .., .., .. / . 2008. 50;5. .816-820.
3. .., .. / . 2011. 53;6. .1169-1174.
4. .., .., .., .., ..,
.., .., .., .., .., ..
-
/ . 2010. 52;5. .1026-1033.
5. .., .., .., .. () / . 2010. 52;8. .1524-1530.

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112

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

NANO DEFORMATION OF THE MATERIAL CD-ROM

A.P. Kuzmenko, D.I. Timakov
South-West State University,
50 Let Oktyabrya, Kursk, 305040, Russia, e-mail: apk3527@mail.ru
South-West State University,
50 Let Oktyabrya, Kursk, 305040, Russia, e-mail: timakov.dmitry@gmail.com
Abstract. The nanostructured changes were caused concentrated elastic eects on the polymer
materials CD-disk obtained by atomic force microscopy it is studied. These methods make possible
for the nanoscale investigations of physical properties of dierent materials it is shown.
Keywords: elastic eects, atomic force microscopy, tensile strength, Youngs modulus, Poissons
ratio.

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 113

538.975:548.25




.. , .. , .. , .. , ..
. .. .. ,
. , 87, , 600000, , e-mail: laser@vlsu.ru
.
104 . Ti:Sapphire Yb:KGW . .
: , , .

-
. - . , .
.
, . ,
.
, .
, , ,
. .
. , ,
. . ,

100 [1]. 0,5100 .
, , ,
.

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114

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

1.
. .
. Ti:Sapphire :
1 , 50 1 . 250 . Ti:Sapphire
, [2].
104 . , 45o .
,
[3].
Yb:KGW . , . Yb:KGW
: 10 , 300 ,
150 50 .
2.
, ,
Yb:KGW . ,
,
. ,
100200 150 (. 1).

. 1. Yb:KGW ,
- .

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Ti:Sapphire . ,
. ,
. (. 2).

. 2. Ti:Sapphire ,
- .

NTEGRA. ,
-. , [4], 447, 611 1 244
145 1 (. 3).

.
. 10 ,
600 . 5 .
.
3.
,
a = 4, 5929
A c = 2, 9591
A. , . [5],
,
Ti3+ Ti4+ . ,
TiTi 3+
Ti4+ . TiO (1,776 1,787
A),
.

Copyright & A K-C

116

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 3.
.

,
, ,
. .

14.740.12.0855
() .

1. .., .., .., .. -

. .1 // . . 2002. 1. . 16-27.
2. Eliezer S., Eliaz N., Grossman E., Fisher D., Gouzman I., Henis Z., Pecker S., Horovitz
Y., Fraenkel M., Maman S., Ezersky V., and Eliezar D.. Nanoparticles and nanotubes
induced by femtosecond lasers // Laser and Particle Beams. 2005. 23. P. 15-19.

Copyright & A K-C

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3. Gerke M.N., Khorkov K.S., Telushko O.B., Bolshakova O.N., Prokoshev V.G., Arakelian S.M. Formation of nanostructures at laser ablation under the action of ultrashort
laser impulses on a surface of solid states // Physics Procedia. 2010. 5;1. P.213219.
4. Romanian database of raman spectroscopy. URL:http://rdrs.uaic.ro
5. .., .., ..
/ .. . .: , 1983. 239 .

FORMATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILMS

UNDER THE ACTION OF FEMTOSECOND LASER RADIATION
IN VACUUM
D.V. Abramov, S.M. Arakelian, M.N. Gerke, V.G. Prokoshev, K.S. Khorkov
Vladimir State University,
Gorky st., 87, Vladimir, 600000, Russia, e-mail: laser@vlsu.ru
Abstract. The given work is devoted to experimental researching of the nanostructured thin
lms arising at laser ablation of titanium in vacuum 104 Torr. Results of the dusting at use
Ti:Sapphire and Yb:KGW laser systems are shown. Research of the nanostructured lms on the
substrate has shown presence of crystal form titaniums oxide - rutile.
Key words: titanium, nanostructures, femtosecond laser ablation.

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118

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

541.124.16, 546.26

-
.. , ..
. .. ,
. ,38, , 119991, , e-mail: komlenok@nsc.gpi.ru
. () , (0-25%)
. ,
. .
: - , , .

. : , , ,
[1, 2].
- () ,
[3], , [4].
.
Ar/CH4 /H2 .
()
5-6 , 100 , [5]. , , , 1-3
[6].
Barnard et al [7]. ,
, ,
.
, , [5, 8].

(). ().
1. .
(2.45 ) Ar/CH4 /H2

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( [9]). 4 (0%, 12%, 20% 25%).

sp2 [10] [11].
( 488 ).
SDT Q600 (TA Instruments)
1300o 10o/ N2 :O2 80:20. ,
,
.

. 1. N2 .

2. . (.1) : (1332 1 ); D (1360 1 )

G (1550 1 ) C-C sp2 ;
1140 1 1480 1 -.
, . 1, , [12]. (0%
N2 ) , D G ,
.
12% D G , .
20%
1140 1 1480 1 , .

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120

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 2 .
, , .
, 12% N2 ,
. , ( ), 20% 25% N2
. 12% N2 , . . 2
. 4:1.
, . 3. 20% 25% N2 ,
500o C, - 650o. 12% N2
,
, .
, ..
. .
650o . 500o ,
. 1 ,
[11].

. 2. .

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 121

. 3. .

.
. ,
650o , 500o . , ( ), 20% 25%
. 12% N2
4:1.

14.740.12.0855
() .

1. Ilichev N.N., Obraztsova E.D., Pashinin P.P., Konov V.I., Garnov S.V. // Quantum
Electronics. 2004. 34(9). P.785-786.
2. Williams O.A. // Semicond. Sci. Technol. 2006. 21. R49.
3. Yang W., Auciello O., Butler J.E., Cai W., Carlisle J.A., Gerbi J.E., Gruen D.M.,
Knickerbocker T., Lasseter T., Russell J.N., Smith L.M., Hamers R.J. // Nat. Mater.
2002. 1. P.253.

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122

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

4. Konicek A.R., Grierson D.S., Gilbert P.U.P.A., Sawyer W.G., Sumant A.V., Carpick R.W. // Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008. 100;23. P.235502/1-4.
5. Vlasov I.I., Lebedev O.I., Ralchenko V.G., Goovaerts E., Bertoni G., Van Tendeloo G.,
Konov V.I. // Adv. Mater. 2007. 19. P.4058-4062.
6. Shenderova O., Brenner D., Ruo R. S. // Nano Lett. 2003. 3. P.805.
7. Barnard A.S., Russo S.P., Snook I.K. // Phys. Rev. B. 2003. 68. P.235407.
8. Ralchenko V., Pimenov S., Konov V., Khomich A., Saveliev A., Popovich A., Vlasov I.I.,
Zavedeev E., Bozhko A., Loubnin E., Khmelnitskii R. // Diamond Relat. Mater.
2007. 16;12. P.2067-2073.
9. Vlasov I.I., Ralchenko V.G., Goovaerts E., Saveliev A.V., Kanzyuba M.V. // Phys.
Status Solidi, A Appl. Res. 2006. 203;12. P.3028-3035.
10. Birrell J., Gerbi J.E., Auciello O., Gibson J.M., Gruen D.M., Carlisle J.A. // J. Appl.
Phys. 2003. 93. P.5606-5612.
11. Vlasov I.I., Goovaerts E., Ralchenko V.G., Konov V.I., Khomich A.V., Kanzyuba M.V. //
Diamond Relat. Mater. 2007. 16. P.2074-2077.
12. Kulisch W., Popov C., Gilliland D., Ceccone G., Rossi F., Reithmaier J.P. // Surf.
Interface Anal. 2010. 42. P.1152-1155.

HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION

OF ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND FILMS
M.S. Komlenok, A.A. Khomich
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute,
Vavilov St. 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia, e-mail: komlenok@nsc.gpi.ru
Abstract. The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of ultrananocrystalline diamond
lms, grown with dierent nitrogen concentration (0-25%) in gas mixture during the deposition are
presented. It is shown that phase composition received with the help of TGA technique correlates
with the results of Raman spectroscopy. Oxidation stability is studied and quantitative relationship
between phases is established.
Keywords: Ultra-nanocrystalline diamond lm, Oxidation, Thermogravimetry.

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66-963:67.02
-
-
-

.. , .. , .. , ..
,
., 106, , 392000, , e-mail: zavrazhin-do@yandex.ru
. -
- . . ,
- - .
: , , , - , -.

. ,
, P , ,
. [1].
[2, 3]
( - )
.
- . [4].
1.

()( 16338-85).
() ( ,
, .) 40-100 () -354 ( 7885-86).

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124

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

0,005 0,015 ,
().
() 0,005 .
=2,07. - 2450 .
700 . DSC-2 Perkin Elmer.
2.
- ,
10-20% (. 1). 30 % ,
(. 2).

. 1.
-. = 2, 07, T = 298.

. 1. , , -. , -

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. 2.
cp - ,
= 2, 07, T = 298.

.
- , .
, ,
. ,
.
(. 3).
. 3 (1),
30 . - (2) +1 ..
70 . - (3) +1 .. 70 . (4).
, . (410-418 ).
. ,
, .

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126

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

1

-.

, ,

,
+1 ..,
+1 ..,
, , 0 .
, , 30 .
+1 .., ,
0 .
+1 .., ,
70 .
+1 .., ,
0 .
+1 .., ,
70 .

, , % ,,

23,122
22,862
22,909
33,09
34,869
36,663

,
,
14,722
14,202
14,11
25,195
27,442
36,663

3385,7
3533,8
3756,7
4935,6
4695,8
2862,6

4,934
4,443
5,432
5,968
6,248
5,12

38,63

38,63

2567,5

5,562

37,87

37,87

2763,1

5,237

37,22

37,22

2761,5

5,67

1. (, ) () ( ) , , .
2. - ,
, :
30 %,
50%, 200%. .

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. 3. (1),
30 . -(2) +1 ..
70 . -(3) +1 .. 70 (4)
.

-
2009 - 2013 ( 14.740.12.0865
) .

1. .. . - / .. . .: -1, 2002. 320 .

2. .. // . 2007. 48.
3. .. // www.nanometer.ru, 2007, 9.
4. . 2361733 , B 29 C 39/00 / ..,
.., .., .., .. . .
- 2007128686/12, . 25.07.2007; . 20.07.2009, . 20.

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128

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

EFFECT OF MICROWAVE RADIATION ON THE FORMATION

OF STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OF MODIFIED POLYMER - CARBON MATERIALS
IN SOLID EXTRUSION
G.S. Baronin, D.O. Zavrazhin, A.G. Popov, M.S. Tolstykh
Tambov State Technical University,
Sovetskaya St., 106, Tambov, 392000, Russia, e-mail: zavrazhin-do@yandex.ru
Abstract. The eect of microwave radiation on the process of solid-state extrusion of polymercarbon nanocomposites. A comparative evaluation of the performance of composite materials.It is
shown that a combination of methods of solid-state technology with additional microwave processing
of polymer-carbon nanocomposites yields products with improved performance.
Keywords: solid- phase extrusion, HDPE, carbon nanostructured materials, polymer-modied
carbon materials, microwave processing.

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 129

669.295:620.172

45

.. , .. , .. , ..
,
. , 12, , 450000, , e-mail: rzvaliev@mail.rb.ru

. ()
.
. -
100 , .
: , , , .

,

.
() 100 () [1].
-
,
[2,3], [4].
,
[5]. ,
. , , , .
, () .

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130

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

1.
45 (Fe - 0,45% C - 0,27% Si - 0,65% Mn).
=800 .
(). 10 0,2 .
350 , N =5 =5
. JEM-2100. MICROMET
5101.
2 .
2.
( =800 ) 45 . HV =
8680 .
5 (-)
, - HV=4000
. . . 5000 .
,
.
: 8750
, 10630 . 20%

-, .
- ,
45 (. 1).
, , . 1 (
0,64 ), , .
. 100 .
. . 2 . 1,
Fe3 C 20 .

. 3.
,
. 5 350 1,5 . 3.

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. 1. 45 =350 N =5 =5 , ,
.

. 2. 45 =350 N =5 =5 , ,
.

=350 : 60%
15% .

, , .

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132

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 3. :
1 - =800 + =350 ; 2 - =800 ;
3 - ( =800 + =350 , 5 .)

, =350
, : . : 15
.
100 . :
=350 ,
.

1. +
45 100 15 .
2. 45 ,
, ( 2649 ) (HV 10000 ) ( 3%),
.

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 133

- 2009-2013 ( 14.740.12.0865
) .

1. .., .. / .. . .: , 2007. 398 .

2. .., .., .. // . .. . 2009. 3. . 45-48.
3. Yu. Ivanisenko, W. lojkwski, R.Z. Valiev, H.-J. Fecht. The mechanism of formation
of nanostructure and dissolution of cementite in a pearlitic steel during high pressure
torsion // Acta Materialia. 2003. 51. P.5555-5570.
4. J. Wang, C. Xu, Y. Wang et al. Microstructure and properties of a low carbon steel
after equal channel angular pressing. Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation /
Ed. M.J. Zehetbauer, R.Z. Valiev. Weinheim: J. Wiley VCH, 2003. P.829-834.
5. N. Tsuji, R. Ueji, Y. Minamino, Y. Satio. A new and simple process to obtain nanostructured bulk low-carbon steel with superior mechanical property // Scripta Materialia. 2002. 46. P.305-310.
OBTAINING OF EXCELLENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OF STAINLESS STEEL 45 UNDER SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION
R.Z. Valiev, N.G. Zaripov, M.V. Karavaeva, S.K. Nurieva
Ufa State Aviation Technical University,
Karla-Marksa St., 12, Ufa, 450000, Russia, e-mail: rzvaliev@mail.rb.ru
Abstract. Results of microstructure and mechanical properties investigations of stainless steel
after severe plastic deformation high pressure torsion (HPT) are presented. Quenching was used as
initial heat treatment of material before HPT. Nanocrystalline ferrite-cementite microstructure with
grain size less then 100 m was formed. Such structure exhibited very high strength with hardness
and enhanced plasticity.
Keywords: stainless steel, nanocrystalline structure, severe plastic deformation, strength.

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134

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

620.18:669.14.018.44:621.172.251.2
,

10932 02932
.. , .. , ..
- ,
. , 4, , 115088, , e-mail: in_material@mail.ru
. , 9% T/P92 3%
.
. 3% 1092
,
. 0.1% 0.014% 236 MX.
10932 02932
.
: , , .

- 9% 12%
620
[1-4]. ( ) .
30 T/P91, T/P92, E911 (, , ) [1], 109,
1092 12101 () [5], 580 620 25 30.
M23 C6 , , ,
MX [6].
, [7, 8].

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 135

,
MX, , M23 C6 [6].
10932
0.1% 02932 , 3% , 1092
T/P 92.
10932 02932.

1.
10932 (0,1%C; 9,36%Cr; 2,93%Co;
1,85%W; 0,45%Mo; 0,2%V; 0,05%Nb; 0,048%N; 0,005%B; - Fe)
02932 (0,014%C; 8,99%Cr; 2,98%Co; 2,1%W; 0,47%Mo; 0,25%V;
0,07%Nb; 0,063%N; 0,01%B; - Fe). . ,
(105010)C 3 (75010).
10 100 600 , 650 , 670 700 196, 176.4,
156.8, 137.2 117.6 /2 ,
650 -.
FEI Quanta 600F,
(EBSD), Jeol JEM-2100
.
EBSD 2 . -
10%- c Struers Tenupol-5.
MX M23 C6 .

.
.

.
Thermo-Calc TCFE6.

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136

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

( , %) 1092,
10932 02932 750

1092
10932
02932

236

1,93
1,95
0,24

0,34
0,34
0,41

0
0,11
0,48

2.

10932 02932 . 1.
() 10
0,1% 16 0,014%,
(20 ) 1092- [8]. EBSD ,
, . , ,
- 5 , , 10932
52%, 0293 68%. 336 10932 385
02932, , 2,61014 2 1,41014 2 , .
10932 , M23 C6 ,
50 100 . MX, 5 40 .
0,1% 0,014% 23 6
, Thermo-calc (. 1). 10932, 02932
1092 [8, 9], . 2.

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. 1. 10932(, )
02932(, ).
2

10932
02932
1092-
[8, 9]

10
16
20

,
,
1014 2
336
2,6
385
1,4
330
6,2

M23 C6 ,

MX,

50-100
50-90
100-250

5-40
5-30
5-60

, 3% 1092 : (. 2).

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138

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

, ThermoCalc (. 1) [10],
, , .
, , , ,
.
10932 0,1% 0,014% M23 C6 MX. , 7
-, T/P92 [9], ,
-, -
.
,
10932 02932 . ,
(. 3).

650 .
3
10932 02932

10932

20

b ,
/2
701-713

0,2 ,
/2
530-550

10932

650

282-310

259-292

02932

20

666-671

564-567

02932

650

327-363

307-355

5, %

, %

Hv

19,820,3
22,023,5
18,019,0
14,015,0

70,073,0
88,089,0
70,070,0
82,0
83,0

251
253
-

. 2 , 10932 02932;
T/P 92[11] 1092- [4].
, 3% 1092- 104 650 43%,
0,014% 56% T/P92.

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 139

. 2. , T/P 92,
10932 02932 650 :

10932 ( ),
N
02932 ( ),
T/P 92[11].

10932 3%
650 : 10 000 115 /2 , 43% T/P92
(56 /2 ). 0.1% 0.014% M23 C6
MX, 9% 02932
10932. 10 000
125 /2 , 56% T/P92.
-
2009 - 2013 ( 14.740.12.0865
) .

Copyright & A K-C

140

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

1. Viswanathan R., Bakker W.T. Materials for Boilers in Ultra Supercritical Power Plants.
2000. P.1-22.
2. Klueh R.L. Elevated-temperature ferritic and martensitic steels and their application
to future nuclear reactors // OAK ridge national laboratory, 2004. P.1-66.
3. Kaybyshev R., Skorobogatykh V., Shchenkova I. New martensitic steels for fossil power
plant: Creep resistance // Phys. Metals Metallogr. 2010. 109(2). P.186-200.
4. .., .., .. // . 2008.
7. P.47-53.
5. .., . // . 2009.
12. P.13-15.
6. Abe F. Precipitate design for creep strengthening of 9% Cr tempered martensitic steel
for ultra-supercritical power plants // Science and Technology of Advanced Materials.
2008. 9(1). P.013002.
7. Panait C.G., et al. Evolution of dislocation density, size of subgrains and MX-type
precipitates in a P91 steel during creep and during thermal ageing at 600 C for more
than 100,000h // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2010. 527(16-17). P.40624069.
8. .., et al. 1092
650 //
. 2010. 3(657). P.26-33.
9. Dudko V., et al. Eect of MX particles and -ferrite on mechanical properties and
creep behavior of P92-type steel, 2011. P.1-4.
10. .. / .. . :
, 1976.
11. ECCC, ECCCDataSheet. 2005: p. 1-150.

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 141

MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

AND CREEP BEHAVIOR OF 10KH9K3B2MFBR KH9K3B2MFBR
P.A. Kozlov, V.N. Skorobogatykh, I.A. Schenkova
Government scientic center of Russian Federation Public Joint-Stock Company
Research-and-Production Alliance,
Sharikipodshipnikovskaya St., 4, Moscow, 115088, Russia, e-mail: in_material@mail.ru
Abstract. In present work was studied microstructure, mechanical properties and creep resistance of T/P92-steels with addition of 3% cobalt.The inuence of cobalt was assessed on structure
and long-term strength limit. Addition of 3% cobalt in T/P92 steel helps to reduce size of M23C6,
to increase their dispersion and long-term strength limit. Decrease the carbon content from 0.1% to
0.014% reduce a volume fraction of M23C6 and increase amount of MX. Almost the same level of
mechanical properties was recorded by hardness measurements and tensile tests for the both steels.
Keywords: high-chromium martensitic steel, carbides, creep.

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142

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

544.032.2: 546.55/.56,26

Cu-C
.. , .. , ..
- ,
. , 132, , 426000, , e-mail: Nastasya2601@mail.ru
. // Cu-g Cu-60/70, .
: , , , , .

. () , ,
[1-3].
[4] , () Cu- (5
25 .%) (, ) .

.

Cu-C,
.
1.
-2 (99,5%) . (Cg) -2 60/70
( 60 , 18%70 , 1% ,
). 25 .%.
-2 28,1 . ,
4013, 30 8 ( 15) 170 . ()
(ar =0,1 ). 16 .
(BRUKER D8 ADVANCE, CuK ) ( // SDT Q600, 10 /, ). MIS [5].

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 143

2.
Cu-25%60/70
. 1.
10 35 2 .
, , ,
- . 0,5
. Cu-25%Cg .

. 1. Cu-25%C60/70 .

. 2. .

(. 2), ( 3,6155
A) 3, 6177
A 1.

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144

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

3,6186
A 2 . , -,
, Cu-Cg Cu-C60/70.

(, -
).

. 3. / Cu-25%C60/70 () Cu-25%g () 1.
( 10 /, 103, 4950 93,82912 ).

Cu-C
. 3. Cu-25%C60/70 1.
255 290
2%. //
. , ,
. 8 , (. 2),
- . , , - 1
, .


.
Cu-25%Cg 1 (. 3 ),
8. ,
1-2%. ,
800 .

, Cu-C ,

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 145

. ,
. ,
Cu-Cg Cu-C60/70
.
-
2009 - 2013 ( 14.740.12.0865
) .

1. Yamane T., Okubo H., Hisayuki K., Oki N., Konishi M., Komatsu M. Solid solubility of
carbon in copper mechanically alloyed // Journal of materials science letters. 2001.
20. P.259-260.
2. Saji S., Kadokura T., Anada H., Notoya K., Takano N. Solid solubility of carbon in
copper during mechanical alloyed // Materials transactions. 1998. 39;7. P.778-781.
3. Xueran Liu, Yongbing Liu, Xu Ran, Jian An, Zhanyi Cao Fabrication of the supersaturated solid solution of carbon in copper by mechanical alloying // Materials Characterization. 2007. 58. P.504-508.
4. .., .., ..
// . 2011.
13;1. .88-93.
5. .., .. // . 2000. 8.
C.16-19.

THERMAL STABILITY
OF MECHANICAL SYNTHESIZED COMPOSITES Cu-C
V.I. Ladyanov, R.M. Nikonova, N.S. Pozdeeva
Physical-Technical Institute of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kirova st., 132, Izhevsk, 426000, Russia, e-mail: Nastasya2601@mail.ru
Abstract. Thermal stability of composite Cu-Cg and Cu-C60/70 has been studied by method
of TGA / DSC / DTA.
Keywords: mechanical activation, copper, graphite, fullerites, thermal stability.

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146

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

538.951


..
- ,
. 50 , 94, , 305040, , e-mail: r-piter@yandex.ru
. . . .
: , , , .

() -
-.

.
.
,
, , ,
.
1.

. ()
().

.

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 147

-1 [1]:
1. ,
.
2. ( ) .
3. .
4. .
5. - .
-2 -. -,
.
-3
() [2].

: ph7.
-4, -5 1-3:
, . -6 ,
-5 500C.
. 1. :
, , ,
x0 , Ms , ,
hxi, . , [3,4].
F2 [5]. - [6].
1

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

,
/3
1315
1053
1240
1493
1872

, %

11,6
5,7
9,9
15,6
24,1

3,5
0,92
3,2
3,3
6,3

Ms ,
/
45,8
20
43
63,4
96,3

, %
9,5
4,2
9,0
13,2
20,1

<x>,

9,1
8,8
8,1
7,9
6,7

0,38
0,43
0,49
0,47
0,52

JEM 2100. :
0,1 %,

Copyright & A K-C

148

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. . 1
-1, 250 kV, 50 . -2
(. 1 30 kV,
500 ), , ,
.

. 1. -1, -2, .

, , , . 2.

. 2.
, , .

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 149

, -1
, -3 -5 ,
-5 , . ,
-4, -5, . 30 0 ,
. , , .
-
2009 - 2013 ( 14.740.12.0865
) .

1. .. / .. . // .: , 1979. 60 c.
2. .. // . . 11- .
/ : , 2004. .8-13.
3. .. /
.. , .. , .. . // . . 2010.
56;3. .316322.
4. Polunin V.M. On the estimation of physical parameters of magnetic nanoparticles in
magnetic uid / Polunin V.M., Kobelev N.S., Ryapolov P.A., et al. // Magnetohydrodynamics. 2010. 46;1. P.31-40.
5. Pshenichnikov A.F. Magneto-granulometric analysis of concentrated ferrocolloids /
A.F. Pshenichnikov, V.V. Mekhonoshin, A.V. Lebedev // J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
1996. 161. P.94-162.
6. Ivanov A.O. Magnetogranulometric Analysis of Ferrocolloids: Second-Order Modied
Mean Field Theory / A.O. Ivanov, O.B. Kuznetsova // Kolloidnyi Zhurnal. 2006.
68;4. .472-483.

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150

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

INVESTIGATION OF STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS

OF NANOSIZED MAGNETIC FLUIDS
P.A. Ryapolov
Southwest State University,
50 let Oktyabrya st., 94, Kursk, 305040, Russia, e-mail: r-piter@yandex.ru
Abstract. The article reviews some results connected with structural parameters of magnetic
uids: disperse composition, aggregation degree, particles and aggregates sizes. Magnetogranulometric
analysis, atomic force, scanning electron microscopy are used.
Several variants of the magnetic uids synthesis are discussed. Magnetogranulometric analysis
and transmission electron microscopy are used to investigate the magnetic uid structural parameters.
The best method of the magnetic uids synthesis are identied.
Keywords: magnetic uid, nanoparticles, magnetogranulometric analysis, microscopic methods.

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 151

669, 538.9
WC WC-Co


.. 1 , .. 2 , .. 1 , .. 2 ,
.. 2 , .. 1 , .. 2 , .. 2 ,
.. 2 , .. 2
1)

. .. ,
., 49, , 119991, , e-mail: yuriblag@imet.ac.ru
2) - -
. .. ,
. , 23/3, , 603950, , e-mail: metals@nifti.unn.ru
. WC Spark Plasma
Sintering. WC 1400-1950
25-2400 C/ HV 3180. ,
WC-8 wt%Co VC TaC,
. ,
.
: ,
, .

( ,
, ) [1]. , , ,
, [2, 3, 8].
, ,
[2-5].
[2, 5]. , ,
(
) ( ) [2, 3].
. , , WC-Co
,
[1, 6, 7]. ,

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152

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

[6, 7]. WC-Co VC, Cr3 C2 , NbC, TaC, ,

[1, 8, 9].
- ,

. [10], [11], [12],
[13] (), - Spark Plasma Sintering [2-9]. ,
, , ,
.
, WC, , WC-Co VC TaC
.
WC TaC VC : 60 , 10 80 .
,
, , W-C.
30-80 .
WC-Co, 8 .% ,
, . -
. VC TaC 0,7% 1%. .
Dr.Sinter
Model-625 Spark Plasma Sintering System SPS SYNTEX INC. Ltd.,
(). 1400 1950 C ,
25 2400C/. 500 C/ .
, .
, - . 60.
, . ,
-. 4 -
10 , 30 30 .

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 153

. 1. , WC
2400 C/.

-3. - Ultima 2 ICP. Duramin-5 Struers 2 .

.
. WC WC-Co
Jeol JSM-6490.
,
.
. 1800
, 500 / . ,
1700. 1, 1700
.
( 97%), . 1700 HV 3180. ,
, .
, 1400 1800 C,
90 150 , . WC 1700
. 1800 C
. , [2],
. WC
, , .

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154

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

[2] SPS WC W2 C,
. ,
[14],
.

. 2. WC, SPS 1700

2400 /..

. 3.
(1700 , 2400 /).

, , , . 3: W2 C, [2, 3]
,
.

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 155

. 4. WC.

,
, ,
/, [2, 3].
( 100 /) (
HV 2470, 1 =6.7 .1/2 , 25 /), (HV 3180, 1 =5.2 .1/2 , 2400/), . 4.
WC-Co
1050 1100C, 5 30 . 10 200 C/, 700 C
50 C/, .
.
. 1, WC-Co,
. :
(1100C);
(1000C) 1150-1400C
. .
.

WC-Co . WC-Co-VC VC
( WC) .
.
WC Co

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156

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

WC. , VC
, WC.
WC
WC . , WC-Co-VC
: dI 23 dII 0.20.3 ,
.
WC-Co-TaC TaC 10 . , VC WC-Co.
WC. WC-Co-TaC , WC-Co-VC. ,
(dI 12 dII 0.30.4
) .
1
WC-Co
,

WC-8Co-VC
WC-8Co-VC
WC-8Co-VC
WC-8Co-VC
WC-8Co-VC
WC-8Co-TaC
WC-8Co-TaC
WC-8Co-TaC
WC-8Co-TaC
WC-8Co-TaC
WC-8Co-TaC

C
,

C/
1100
200
1100
100
1100
25
1100
50
1100
10
1100
100
1100
50
1100
25
1100
10
1100
50
1050
50

,
.

, ,
/3
HV

5
5
5
30
5
5
5
5
5
30
5

13.67
14.18
14.14
14.01
14.16
14.27
14.54
14.71
14.70
14.57
14.36

1260
1730
1890
1810
1940
1650
1690
1880
1890
1690
1750

, , /.
WC-Co TaC VC .
-
2009 - 2013 ( 14.740.12.0865
)

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 157

1. .., .., ..
/ .. . .: , 2004. 468 .
2. Zhao J., Unuvar C., Munir Z.A. // Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard. Mater. 2009. 27.
P.130-139.
3. Kawahara M., Tokita M. // Corrosion Engineering. 2001. 50. P.63-71.
4. Sommer M., Schubert W.D., Zobetz E., Warbichler P. // Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard.
Mater. 2002. 20. P.41-50.
5. Cha S.I., Hong S.H. // Mater. Sci. . 2003. 356. P.381-389.
6. Fang Z., Maheshwari P., Wang X., Sohn H.Y., Grio A., Riley R. // Int. J. Refract.
Met. Hard. Mater. 2005. 23. P249-257.
7. Cha S.I., Hong S.H., Kim B.K. // Mater. Sci. A. 2003. 351. P.31-38.
8. Sivaprahasam D., Chandrasecar S.B., Sundaresan R. // Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard.
Mater. 2007. 25. P.144-152.
9. Sun L., Jia C., LinCao R., Lin C. // Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard. Mater. 2008. 26.
P.357-361.
10. Bykov Yu.V., Rybakov K.I., Semenov V.E. // J. Phys. D.: Appl. Phys. 2001. 34.
R55-R75.
11. Wu X.Y., Zhang W., Wang W., Yang F., Min J.Y. et al. // J. Mater. Res. 2004.
19. P.2240-2244.
12. Sampath A., Stiglich J.J., Sudarshan J.S., Singh R., Choi K.S. // Powder Metal.
2002. 45. P.25-27.
13. Kim H.C., Oh D.Y., Shon I.J. // Int. J. Ref. Mater. Hard. Mater. 2004. 22.
P.197203.
14. .., .. // . 2006. 42;2. .156-163

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158

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

HIGH-SPEED CONSOLIDATION OF WC AND WC-Co NANOPOWDERS

WITH AN INHIBITOR ADDITIONS
BY SPARK PLASMA SINTERING METHOD
Ju.V. Blagoveshchensky1 , M.S. Boldin2 , N.V. Isaeva1 , D.N. Kotkov2 ,
N.V. Melekhin2 , Ju.I. Melnik1 , A.V. Moskvicheva2 , N.V. Sakharov2 ,
V.N. Chuvildeev2 , S.V. Shotin2
1) Institute

of Metallurgy and Material Science,

Leninsky pr., 49, Moscow, 119991, Russia, e-mail: yuriblag@imet.ac.ru
2) Physico-Technical Research Institute of University of Nizhny Novgorod,
Gagarina pr., 23/3, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia, e-mail: metals@nifti.unn.ru
Abstract. Nanosized powders consolidation of pure tungsten carbide WC and hard alloys
prepared on its basis have been investigated by spark plasma sintering method. Sintering conditions
for pure tungsten carbide are studied in the temperature interval 1400-1950 C at the heat rate
25-2400 C/min. Samples of nanosized structure and record resolution HV 3180. Dependence of
density, solidity and grain structure of alloys WC-8 wt%Co with inhibitory additives VC and TaC
on sintering temperature are determined both for the rate of temperature raise and the delay of
solid-phase sintering.
Keywords: Spark Plasma Sintering, high-speed consolidation, hard alloys.

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 159

669.018.242.14.151



.. , ..
. .. ,
2- ., 9/23, , 105005, , e-mail: gretxen@rambler.ru
.
,
. , . ,

.
: , ,
.

- , [1]. Finemet, , , [2]. ,

- , ( 20 .%) (, ,
..). ,
(), , ,
[3]. ,
, ,
[4]. ,
, , [5].

, .

Copyright & A K-C

160

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

1.
Ni44 Fe29 Co15 Si2 B10 , Fe50 Ni33 B17 , Fe70 Cr15 B15 , ( ) 30
510 . (N = 0.58.0)
P = 5 293 77 .
. , () . , .
Is Hc .
2.
Ni44 Fe29 Co15 Si2 B10
273 77 . Is
N . 1.
Is N
77 Is N = 1 c
293 . , Is
293 Is 77
.

. 1.
Ni44 Fe29 Co15 Si2 B10 . 77 293 .

. 2 Is (N) Fe50 Ni33 B17 Fe70 Cr15 B15

273 . .

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 161

Fe50 Ni33 B17 N = 1,

Fe70 Cr15 B15 , , N = 1, Is .
Hc HV N
, . 3 4. Hc (N) Hc N = 0.5 1,
, . HV(N)
HV N = 0.5 1,
, .

. 2.
Fe50 Ni33 B17 Fe70 Cr15 B15 . =293 .

. 3.
Ni44 Fe29 Co15 Si2 B10 , Fe50 Ni33 B17 , Fe70 Cr15 B15 . =293 .

Copyright & A K-C

162

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 4. Ni44 Fe29 Co15 Si2 B10 ,

Fe50 Ni33 B17 , Fe70 Cr15 B15 . =293 .

. 5.
Ni44 Fe29 Co15 Si2 B10 . N=1, T=77K.

, Is , , .
, -
.
[5] (. 5),
, , , ,
, .
,
, ,
.

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 163

3.
,
,
. . (. 5) Is (N) Hc (N)
, . , -,
(),
. ,

.
- [6]. HV(N), , N = 0.5
, .
,
HV N = 0.5, ,
(N = 1). , N 1
, ,
. , , (
) , ,
,
. :
Ni44 Fe29 Co15 Si2 B10 , (Fe, Ni Co),
Is ; Fe70 Cr15 B15 , (Fe) (Cr) ,
Is .
. - . ,
. , , ,
, , .

Copyright & A K-C

164

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

1. ,
, ,
.
2. , ,
.
3. ,

.
-
2009 - 2013 ( 14.740.12.0865
) .

1. McHenry M.E., Willard M.A., Laughlin D.E. // Prog. Mater. Sci. 1999. 44. P.291.
2. Yoshizawa Y.S., Oguma K., Yamauchi K. // J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 1989. 64. P.6044.
3. A.M., M.., A.., .. // . . . 2009. 73;9. C.1302.
4. Deryagin A.I., Zavalishin V.A., Sagaradze V.V. at. al // FMM. 2008. 106. P.1.
5. E.., T.A. // M. 2000. 8. C.16.
6. Inoue A. // Acta Mater. 2000. 48. P.279.

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 165

EFFECT OF SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION

ON THE STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
OF AMORPHOUS NICKEL- AND FERRUM-BASED ALLOYS
A.M. Glezer, M.R. Plotnikova
Central Research Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy,
2-nd Baumanskaya st., 9/23, Moscow, 105005, Russia. e-mail: gretxen@rambler.ru
Abstract. The inuence of severe plastic deformation in the Brigmann chamber on the structure
and magnetic properties of amorphous nickel- and ferrum-based alloys produced by melt quenching
has been studied. Essential change of the saturation magnetization depending on the quantity
of ferromagnetic components in amorphous alloys has been set. At the early stages of severe
deformation, it has shown that parameters of X-ray spectra are noticeably changed, microhardness
is decreased and coercive force is increased while amorphous structure survived.
Keywords: severe plastic deformation, amorphous alloys, saturation magnetization.

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166

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

669.715:539.52

Al-8,2Mg-4,7Si
.. , ..
,
-, 4, , 119049, , e-mail: mihaylovskaya@misis.ru
. Mg2 Si
(0,2 %) Al-8,2%Mg-4,7%Si. , 0,2%
600% (3-4)
3103 1 .
: , , .

.
, .
[1].
.
.

,
,
.
, . , ,
, , , [2-4], [5,6] ..
(0.1-0.3 %) ( 0.5%) [7-9].

. , . ,

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 167

[10, 11], , .
.
.
Al-Mg-Si ,
, , , 0,2%.

.
1.
Al-8,2%Mg-4,7%Si (.1) Al-8,2%Mg-4,7%Si-0,2%Cr
(.2). 100
40 20 , 15 /c. A99, Al-10%Cr,
. Nabertherm N30/65A .
450o c 60%
250.
,
70% , 20% HClO4 , 10% . 1%
. ().
,
300-400 . 0,95.
560o
14 6 1 . 3 . 1231-10, .

,
m . m. (1 103
8103 1 ) .
, 3-6
10% ().

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168

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

2.
1 Al-Mg-Si.
((Al)+Mg2 Si)
(. 1). 0,2%Cr (. 2) .
. Mg2 Si, , 151%,
,
ThermoCalc (15%).

. 1. 1 Al-8,2Mg-4,7Si () ()
( 3,10,1) ().

Mg2 Si (. 1 )
.

Mg2 Si. 1
d : 1,50,1; 2,10,1; 3,10,1 4,20,3
. 2 1,50,1 .
( , 1,10
1,15).
20 560o (0,95 )
. L . 3,00,2
9,50,7 (. 2). , 2 3,00,2 .

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 169

. 2. 560 o
20 1 (Al-8,2Mg-4,7Si).

, 1 , 2
(. 3 ).
m (0,4-0,5) 9,6 8104 1 . 3,0
(3-4)1031 . 2 0,2%Cr
(5 8)103 1 (. 3 ).

. 3. : () m,
() .1
. 2 ( ).

1, 3
5103 1 (. 1). 600%
2 0,2% Cr 3103 c1 .

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

. 4.
3 10 3 1 .1
.2 ( ).

,
3103 c1 (3 4) (. 4). ,

.

Al-8,2%Mg-4,7%Si
Mg2 Si ,
0,2%r.
, 3,0 15%
Mg2 Si 1,5 , 0,2%r
.
Al-8,2%Mg-4,7%Si-0,2%r:
600%, (3 4) 3103 1 .
- 2009 - 2013 ( 14.740.12.0865
)

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1. / . .,
.: . . .:, 1985. 312 .
2. Kim W.J. Variation of strain-rate sensitively exponent as a function of plastic strain in
the PM processed superplastic 7475Al+0.7Zr alloy // Materials Science and Engineering. 2000. A277. P.134-142.
3. Kitazono K., Sato E. Internal Stress Superplasticity In Directionally Solidied AlAl3NI Eutectic Composite // Acta mater. 1999. 47;1. P.135-142.
4. Ferry M., Munroe P.R. Recrystallization kinetics and nal grain size in a cold rolled
particulate reinforced Al-based MMC / Composites: Part A. 2004. 35. P.10171025.
5. Mishrai R.S., Mahoney M.W., McFadden S.X., Mara N.A. and Mukherjee A.K. //
High strain rate superplasticity in a friction stir processed 7075 al alloy // Scripta
mater. 2000. 42. P.163-168.
6. Slamova M., Homola P., Karlk M. Thermal stability of twin-roll cast Al-Fe-Mn-Si
sheets accumulative roll bonded at dierent temperatures // Materials Science and
Engineering A. 2007. 462. P.106-110.
7. Bate P.S., Humphreys F.J., Ridley N., Zhang B. Microstructure and texture evolution
in the tension of superplastic Al-6Cu-0.4Zr // Acta Materialia. 2005. 53. P.30593069.
8. Katsas S., Dashwood R., Gimes R., Jackson M., Todd G., Henein H. Dinamic recrystallisation and superplasticity in pure aluminium with zirconium addition // Material
Science and Engineering A. 2007. 444. P.291-297.
9. Ihara K., Miura Y. Dynamic recrystallization in Al-Mg-Sc alloys // Materials Science
and Engineering A. 2004. 387-389. P.647-650.
10. .., .., .. 64 // . 2006. 9(615). C.39-43.
11. .., .., .., ..
,
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu // . . 2008. 4.
C.39-44.

Copyright & A K-C

172

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

RESEARCH OF SUPERPLASTICITY BEHAVIOR

OF Al-8,2Mg-4,7Si ALLOY WITH CHROMIUM ADDITION
A.V. Mihaylovskaya, V.K. Portnoy
National University of Science and Technology MISIS,
Lenin av., 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia. e-mail: mihaylovskaya@misis.ru
Abstract. The structure and superplastic behavior of Al-8,2% Mg-4,7%Si alloy containing
dierent size of eutectic particles Mg2 Si phase and with chromium addition (0,2%) are studied.
It has shown that the alloy with 0,2%Cr has very large elongation up to 600% and low stress ow
(3-4 MPa) by the 3103 s1 strain rate.
Keywords: superplasticity, aluminium alloys, grain structure.

Copyright & A K-C

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666.3-127; 546.41
,


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Copyright & A K-C

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Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 175

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Copyright & A K-C

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Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 177

1) () 75 %.
95%.
2) - . , . .
-
2009 - 2013 ( 14.740.12.0865
) .

1. Vallet-Regi M., Gonzales-Calbet J.M. Calcium phosphates as substitution of bone

tissues // Progress in Solid State Chem. 2004. 32. P.1-31.
2. Meyer U., Joos U., Wiesmann H.P. // Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 33:635. 2004.
3. Thompson J.B., Kindt J.H., Drake B., Hansma H.G., Morse D.E., Hansma P.K. //
Nature 414:773. 2001.
4. Fratzl P., Gupta H.S., Paschalis E.P., Roschger P. // J Mater Chem. 2004. 14:2115
5. Yang S., Leong K.F., Du Z., Chua C.K. // Tissue Eng. 2001. 7:679.
6. Burg K.J.L., Porter S., Kellam J.F. // Biomaterials. 2000. 21:2347.
7. Holy C.E., Shoichet M.S., Davies J.E. // J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2000. 51:376.
8. Murugan R., Ramakrishna S. // Compos. Sci. Technol. 2005. 65:2385.
9. Weiner S., Wagner H.D. // Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 1998. 28:271.
10. Dorozhkin S.V. // J. Mater. Sci. 2007. 42:1061.
11. : / . .. ,
.. , .. . .: , 2002. .7-22.
12. Shigemasa A., Minami S. /
. 1997. 46;2. .27-33.
13. // .. .: , 1965.
231 .

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178

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

POROUS CHITOSAN MATRIXES REINFORCED

BY BIOACTIVE CALCIUM COMPOUND FOR BONE REGENERATION
N.V. Bakunova, S.M. Barinov, V.S. Komlev, V.V Smirnov, A.Yu. Fedotov
Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science,
Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninsky av., 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia. e-mail: fedotov_ayu@mail.ru
Abstract. A new method of fabrication of high porous composite materials based on chitosan
reinforced by particles of hydroxyapatite, carbonated hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate has
been developed. The method includes the dissolution of a medium molecular weight chitosan in
acetic acid solution followed by introduction of llers foaming and replacing water by the solution
in which chitosan does not dissolve. Composite materials containing up to 75 vol. % llers have been
obtained. They are characterized by a homogeneous microstructure with interpenetrating porosity
up to 95% and size pore up to 300 micrometer. They are favorable for the new bone tissue formation.
Materials have high elasticity and controllable solubility. These composite materials can be perspective for producing scaolds intended for new medical technology of bone tissue regeneration.
Keywords: calcium phosphates, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, chitosan, composite
scaolds.

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517.987

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- " " ( 02.740.11.0545)

Copyright & A K-C

180

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

F R3 , F(K(G)) Sr r .
0.
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D . i {y(D), y(Di )} ,
Di . {y(D), y(D )}

Copyright & A K-C

182

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

G, , G,
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B(G).
C(G)

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: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 183

. , ,
G

B(G)
\ C(G)
6= .

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F : K(G ) 7 R2 .
, G|R G R
.
lim G|Rn = G ,

Rn R2

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184

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

- hRn ; n Ni. . ,
hGn ; n Ni G ,
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5 , . , , ,
, ,
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5

, [1],
.

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. GL.
V = {x0 , x1 , ..., x|| },
, = {{xi , xi+1 } : i = 0 ||, x||+1 := x0 }, := (xj , xj+m),
0 6 j 6 || j + m mod ||, .
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, GL.
n- n- Gn n , . |n | > |n+1 |,
hhk , k i; k = 1 Ni (n + 1).
, m = n.
(n + 1)- , n n , |n | = |n+1 |
. Gn c n+1
n n+1 . , Gn+1 n+1 .
n+1 = (n {n+1}) \ n+1
Gn+1 . , , . , ,
,
Gn+1 .

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186

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

, n , ,
n n , n = n n . n+1

n+1
n+1 , . n+1
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 6.
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.
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. 7,
, , GN 1 , GN ,
N GN 1 N N .
, GN 1 GN N
N , N . , , GN 1 , -

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 187

N 1 , 7,
N 2 , , GN 2 , (N 2) .. , GN 2 ,
N 1 , N 1 . GN , , ,
,
, 1 , 1 , . ,
hhk , k i; k = 1 Ni .
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Gk , k = 1 N k , , ,
, GL-
k = N. , , GN .
GN ,
, . 
7 (5).
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 ,
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GN .

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. G|Rn Rn .
.
G|Rn . .
G|R (5), ,
, ,
Rn Rn .
G ,
G ,
G|Rn , Gn , .

Copyright & A K-C

188

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23

, Gn G|Rn Rn
. Gn , ,
Gn Gn . , hGn ; n
Ni .
G|Rn Gn G|Rn , (5) G. ,
Gn , n N GL-
hhk , k i; k = 1 ni , ,
, n < n
n . , n ,
hhn , n i; n Ni ,
GL- G. 

1. .., .. . 1.
// Belgorod State University Scientic Bulletin.
2011. 5(100);22. C.140-152.
FINITE CLUSTERS IN PLANE MOSAICS
Part II. Combinatorial construction of plane graphs
E.S. Antonova, Yu.P. Virchenko
Abstract. This work is the continuation of rst part of the article devoted the proof the Kesten
theorem by combinatorial method. In this part it is proposed combinatorial denition of innite
plane graph on the basis of innite sequence of simple cycles where each of them has been added
the nonintersecting path.
Key words: plane graph, cycle, GL-algorithm.

Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 189

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Copyright & A K-C

: . . 2011. 11(106). . 23 195

..

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Lahderanta E.

philosophy doctor, Department of Mathematics and Physics,

Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland

Laiho R.

philosophy doctor, Wihuri Physical Laboratory,

University of Turku, Finland

Lashkul A.V.

philosophy doctor, Department of Mathematics and Physics,

Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland

Copyright & A K-C

196

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