CH CH CH

C C

CH3 CH3 CH3 H

C C C C

H E CH3
Z H H

C C
CH2 CH2

C CH2

C CH2
 C C

C C

O O O

C C C

OH O H
C C C
O
C C
C
CH3 Cl
O C
CH3-CH2

CH3-CH2
C

CH3 CH CH3 CH2-CH3

O
CH3 CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3 C

CH3 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

CH3
CH3 CH3 NO2
CH2 CH3
CH2 NO2 NH-NH2
CH
NO2

NO2 NH-NH2
 C C

C C

O O O

C C C

OH O H
C C C
O
C C
C
CH3 Cl
O C
CH3-CH2

CH3-CH2
C

CH3 CH CH3 CH2-CH3

O
CH3 CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3 C

CH3 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

CH3
CH3 CH3 NO2
CH2 CH3
CH2 NO2 NH-NH2
CH
NO2

NO2 NH-NH2
 R1
R CH2 OH
CH OH
R2
R1

R2 C OH
CH3

R3
CH3 C CH2 OH

CH3

t°
R CH CH2 R CH CH2 2OH +
Al2O3
H OH

t°
R-OH + H-OR R-O-R + H2O
R Al O 2 3 CH
‫إثير أوكسيد‬

CH3 R1 C
R
R

OH
R3 t°
CH3 R-OH + H-OR R-O-R + H2O
Al2O3
R2
H ‫إثير أوكسيد‬

CH2
OH
CH3

OH
CH
 OH
CH2
CH2 CH2 CH2

CH2
CH2 OH CH2 O-NO2
CH2

CH OH 3HNO3+ CH O-NO2 O3H+

2

CH2 CH2
OH O-NO2
 CH3 CH CH CH3

OH OH

CH3 CH CH CH CH3

OH OH OH

O O O

C C
C C C C C

OH O H
C C C
O
C C
C
Cl
O C
CH3-CH2

CH3-CH2
C

CH3 CH CH3 CH2-CH3

O
CH3 CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3 C

CH3 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

CH3
CH3 CH3 NO2
CH2 CH3
NO2 NH-NH2

NO2 NO2
NO2 NH-NH2 O C NO2 NH-N C OH +
2
 uc

d
q q- q q- q1-
q2
C1 C2
- + C
q1 1q- q q-
C1
C2
q2 q-
2