g Frid, Roms, Not, Vs Pat. dam Yr: Bele Bovts {vine , aches | /9S4 MOURNING AND MELANCHOLIA (x9r7) NESSRere es eat eer eee Sasa Ekiuere we" propowe to try whether a come pace he Bl ead a eos tet nag alata ae Het oe sales Sal peony nag spate trent expectations ofthe result “Evan p deeiptve ESADENTiaibe acini 8 Esha aera os nag ene Taguchi ee pyglaton co Bisa edatsy Beet eatin Wao. Meare that ile heh ery Senet Saye, SO nSPe im em Bae Oa SoS hone fare a as Beeches eel sly fe oar SUTIN AN. foo €or Spee oh as bey ae Ga Henares dh'Tpat ye hegre duane atee at's oe gue, SEIS Seago EI Tit lr ie "eon of mtn a oun ene echelon stata a Me Geert HES Pie oie Wake a of em Bamt‘tic clay ct pes bs te sme ee cima Spe SRR oe Soe 2 ar ts:7——MOURING_AND MELANCIFOLIA 153 eth, ‘Mourning is regularly the resction to the loss Of a loved pera, oF 10 the lows Of wuiuo abatraction Wale has taken the plact of one, suoh as fatherland, liberty, an eal, and s0 on, As an effect of the sam fnluences,, melanchol ia instead of 2 state of griel inom people whom we. consequently Seep ead peau dgpontions Tt SES Gal word notice that, although gre involves (Gave departures trom the somal ative to ie i Sever ocbar tous to regnrd ag « morbid condtin 2ichand the moutner over to medical eaten, We Pet ested tt afer lap of time ft wil be over {sue and we look upan any interfeence with 1 a8 iradvinbl or even ave t profoundiy pala erst" tho outite world loss of the capacity £0 deve iain ofall ec falctgarding felings (0 2 ke sell ‘The distinguishing mental features of melancholia infal defection, sbrogation of anda lowering of the ‘that finds utterance ‘nd eelfreviings, and culminates in 2 detnonal epecation of punchmant. ‘The ture Becomes a et fat, with one « nore intelgible when we consider a, the sume trata are met with "he fall self-esteem is absent in grief ; but llerise the eatures are the same. Profound monrn- fig: the reaction to the los of a loved pesson, contains ‘BE same feling of pain, loss of interest in the outside ‘orldin so far ae it does not recall the dead one— Itas of capacity to adapt any new object of love, which vwould mean a repla ining omovery ative eller hat not connected % ‘of the one mourned, the same th thoughts of the deed, It is easy to see that this eee of ee eee Sunltond Seaman eg a Se cuaaree actrees ae It fs really only because ‘we mow 30 well how t0 fooplain it that this attitude does not seem to us pathological ‘We should regard it as a just comparison, too, to Ecrumy’ - olkerinua © cikornen, hansehild aaingla ikoS ower + yemoun , bo wanesost 154 METAPSYCHOLOGY vat Sr reac tee ee eal spe of orient Sas Sepatoncat ty ae Cee miner ere Sa i we i ma Ker it cece ek eh osm geet Liban nk hwy gg raed be plore errno he ree encore rh tata he al Uhr demand a struggle of course ariess—it may be ihe saad Sep otras Pe ssn ee tyr ome Ss ania niga. em ary Betis Teepe ne eon Spoon at cameras Senge rp eo in pane The open ee Go rca mci ercer ee Sie eet Penang gee By a ge eo oes sora rel et on Sue ener Soe ht Batieg enemies eee eng and core Se deh teeta eae eee a ee ce ei of cmt el juny tl oo Cee eet cauig weorapleted the ego me cert, aah Bate Gee area FE oat we toe sf reel pi’ pnt a gee eee aera ee Ea ‘Transinted * pain "—Teaws] ™ “ae Frese pre RMR Sate the page, The Garman bare bo Seimerm seu & ction te fo eed er THAN we MOURNING AND MeETANCHOLIA 155 wart about grief, In one class of cases itis evident JET inetancheli too may be the reaction to the loss fi loved objet: where th is not the exclting cause Se Can porate that there 2 loss of 4 more ideal ‘Sra the object as not peta actualy ed, bat Ei become los a an object of lave (og. the cas of Boried brie), in yet other casas one fons justiied Soaring that a Yoss of tho kind has been experi tissu he aot ee cy wha hs oe, Thay the more ready suppose that the patient too Gunton prsve what i he has tn Ss indeed, might be so even when the patient was vate of the lors giving rise to the melancholia, that is, ‘when he Knows whom he has last but not wat It He'has lost in them, This would suggest that melan- oll 0 ae way ved to an tne ee love abject, in contradstinction to mouming, hich thee 6 nothing unconscious about the loss, "grt we found that the ego's iaibited condition and Tae of interest was fay accounted for by the ‘Boring work of mouruing” The enknoyn lose in ‘Seances would also result in an ianer labour ofthe Rive fund and fence would be rexponsibie for the Sloncholc iahibiion, Only, the inhibition of the Eetncholg seams paling fo ws bese me emt ie what iis that a 1 entirely, "Now the Stuancholla displays something eee which is lacking E egeican exiertinary falls fi wltoien,s E.Srecahment of his ego on a grand seal. In gret StF ecaecs poor and empty: ta melancholia i ne ogo tell The patient represents his ogo to us = facapable of any. eff: and morally Ateplebley he roproaches himsal, vies himself and ets to be cat out and chastised, He abases hia {ai before everyone and commiserates his owa relatives Sr being conneted eth somienne so unworthy. | He {ous ole tat any hangs as taken pee nim, Se een hi selec back over ihe past and {eciares that he was never any better. This ploture ofist x56 etapsvenotocy vu delsional belitling—which is predominantly moral ‘© completed by aeepisanes tna uel of nou meat, and by” an sverhrow,“p vy enable, of dat intinct wh coneins every Hig thing te eing te Ei th Soclhy end therapetiily , wool be fruilae {5 Coateadl the WaEnt ahd Urogs these Sceanaions against isa, He most surly be fight Ue one way and be desing women ta core ponds to what he thks, Some of his statements, edced, we ate at once cbiged to confi ‘without feservatin, “Ho relly is at lacking in interet, as incapable of love and of any achievement as he sys. But that, es we know, i seundary, the elect of the nner travail consuming fis eg, af whish we Know nothing bet. which wi compare with the wore of ‘moumiig. fa certain other ellaccusations he also ems fos justied, only that he has Keener ep for ihe truth than others who are ot melancholic. “When Ins easeraln of ltl be dees ie 35 petty, egos, dshones, lacking im ndepenience, ond whe Sls in hs boss toh tn wecboenes cl Scant el Et may oh ae come very near to self-knowledge; we only wonc why a man must become ill before he Gan ducover ruth of this kind. "For there can be no doubt that ‘whoever holds end expresea fo oes such an pin Sr himselfone that Hamlet harboured of hmselt and all en “that man i il, whether e speaks the tr or Bo orn si fo Ria” Nor cel fo See hat there is no correspondence, so fer af We an judge, between the Segre of seitcbasement and {is eal fastitcation, A‘ good, capable, conslentions ‘woman wl speak no bettotof hereafter he develope felaachola than” one who ia aetoally worthless Indced, the fst is more likely to fall lof. the disease than the other, of whom we too should have nothing ng every man alters dat nd se whipping nti i whe shoul pew gt MOURNING AND MELAWOHOLIA 187 te ny. aly i must se ws that afterall SeuGandhouncs behaviour i nt in every wey ‘he same as tat of one whos nocmally devoured by remerse and self-reproach, » Shame before others, ‘Would characterize this condition above ev 18 Iekiag in him, or at least there is litle it, ‘Oni e0uld almost say that the opposite trait of insistent falking about himself and pleastre in the consequeat cexpomtre of himself predominates in the melancholiac. "The essential thing, therefore, is not whether the speimeliacs distesing reltabacement is jstied in the epinion of others. The point must be zather that e: eer ae at pe aly desing prone at iat he oe eilcaraene ae er aha Lt Seeietrean Be ee ei he ree ger Se pen, ie TE er weal a cet ae Oe mE oy a oes Set pane velhe ry ee hee ty eee ese Spe cnasea, He deal fsa ute wing ramos oe ka Sess ator sgn Stace eee ca ete re gas ce iol cai xe ene SL OUSaet Ot hort geiga s ein ih tere eo i eek tke one a Ester cherie smelt Bat sols, ie jr oe dette Ot eta hos et oe eee Hy coment ced cas Se Spee cetera ne TR Sy Spots te tae ores evidence elsewhere shi ‘that it can become diseased rites cue Horn at bapa det arte with the self an moral grounds is far Seis wih ee oe aest x38 zrarevenotocy vm tess frequently concern itelf with bodily inimity, Kilines” weakness, socal inferiority; among) these er ie he pet er por fe ght of Po 3 has a favoured position. ‘iene cbucrveion, not stall aifealtfommake, which supplies an explanation of the contradiction Tenlonel boys Fone tne gal the many Ghd various sollaccustions of the melancholac, one lina the id vod fhe npn hat afte he fest violent of them are hardy at allo fo the re ee at at wil imigleant moder Ris they do ft someone else sme person whom the patient lives, bas loved or ought to love, Ths cones ‘Grek Sabimet eve ne one amines te fat, Sear a autseptoaches are repopaches against fove Shject which ve been sited on fo the patients own Sey woman who loudly pitles her husband for being ‘bound to such a poor ereature as herself is really accusing her husband of being a poor creature in some sense of other, There is no need to be greatly sur- prised thet among those transferred from him some Zentuine selzeproaches are mingled : they are allowed { obtrade themeelves since they help to mask. the thers and make recognition of the tue state ofafire Gmpenble! indeed, hey deve from the for” and "Tfeiet’ contained in te confit tet has led to the losbf te loved objec, The behavior of the patents ee io plats i Se nga see of te Sapietae ral ee swords fis because everything derogatory that they Niy'ck themselves at bottom tiates to cmenne ele Be iney are sot achamed ond do.not hide. their heads. ce they aze fat from evincng towards aude risen tat alene Youll po eat dea of uonble Sa Se ease 87 MOURNING AND MELANOHOLIA 159 been treated with great injustice, AM! this is aly because the reactions expresied in their behaviour SEN proceed from an atitade of revolt, e meatal ‘onatlltion which by a certain ‘has become transformed into melancholic contation. ‘Once this ie recognized there fs no difiealty in reconstructing this. process, First there existed. an SHject- choice, the Libido had attached. itealf to, a Grin person. then, oving toe real injury or dis- Shpointment concerned with the loved person, this Sefectrclatonship was undermined. “The result, was fot the normal one of withdrawal of the ibido from {is object and transference of it to a new one, but Something diferent for which various conditions seem ioibe nesvoary. The object-cathexis proved to have kde power ol resistance; and was abandoned ; "but fo ite Ibido was withdrawn tnto the ego and not Grected to another object. It did not find application fee, howover, in any one of several possible ways, bat red simply to eetablish an identification of SEN te abendoned objects ‘Then the shadow of ‘ject fell upon the ego, 20 that the later could heno=- fprah be crtaed by a special mental faculty lke an bjt, like the forsaken abject. Tn this way the loss Pie object beeame transformed into 2 lows in the ‘Go, and the confiet between the ego and the loved ferjon transformed. into” a. cleavage between the Eeticing faculty of the ego and the ego as altered By fhe eens y intr th to Hen ES 7 Sioa ala eects ‘of such 2 fo Oe ih one and, «song. nation se wre-object must have been preseat; on the other and, in contradiction to this, the object-cathexts can we had ile power of restance. “As Otto Rank as aptly rematked, this contradiction seems to imply that the object-cholos had been effected ona nar- bbistc basis, 00 that when obstacles arise in the way of the objecteathexis it can repress Into narcissism.ost x60 merarsvouoLocy vin Fema, tin ih ht oe uate nie See See maak aie Eeceeeceete pes St ‘of substitution of identification for object-love is Ie anteence mares iia oe aerate Denier tanmee he tae et ea pee ae Siena eee Wale tamed ioepimaes tie aan cat es Hedin exert tae ‘object and the ambivalence in which this is expressed. SreUi ene e Ser Shc Eri one yaaa See Puneet Einar pte cae, Se scretstuat eae past ten rr cc gly wr my wa ee namely, ‘that. the dlspostéan to succumb to jelan- ie eee arte ects latent tate or ee amy a i oe eo tes Ls fee eb es a le Se OE Say foci et BS Sts Cabhanree ot oa Ee Gare aac ert eae rer ie ws se eae aah wuts os Be caititiaectaasta’ Bt vist cua eee Shy bier ae nebo SRP Par me au Perk ss eee PRES Rares '9t7 MOURNING AKD MELANCHOLTA 161 xercies an influence, usually: confined to cartain {Solated actions and innervations, Nevertheless, even in te transference neuroses identifcation isthe expres- sin of community which ay, Sly lve, The Seapaimete of the fic eh way 10 copie ayeeal doce ‘hab been Tee thoroughly studied ‘Some of the features of melancholia, therefore, are Soxrwed fam ei, adi ofr fo te ros of xegrasion from narisistic objectcholee to narcissism, Gh the one hand, like mourning, melsacholla is the Feaclion fo areal foss ofa loved abject ; but, over and bore this, it is bound to 2 condition which is absent ‘nmormal grief or whic, it supervene, transforms the latter Eto «pathol variety. Th ins of lovebjectcontiaes a excllet portunity fr the ubivasnce in loveteladonshipe © male i Sud come to fi fore Consequently where there fe 2 alee caso « paftclgietl shade on the grt forcing ‘asts @ pa shade on ie expos Hat the fom of altrcronchen, the eflost that the mourner himself is to blame for the leat th loved ona i eared There cbainal statis of depression following upon the death of loved rons show us What the confict of ambivalence. by Kise can achieve, when there is no regresive with: draval of libido as well, The occasions giving rise to ‘melancholia fr the most part extend beyond ase of a loss by death, and include all those situations of being wounded, hurt, neglected, out of favour, oF ‘Ssappointed, which can import opposite feelings of love and hate nto. the calaonship or reinforce an already existing ambivalence. "This confict of ambi ‘valence, the omigin of Which les now moze fn actual fexpzrience, ‘now more in constitution, must not. be eggted mong he conditioning fain in, mela hola, Ifthe objetove, which cannot be given B fakes refuge in narcisistie dentigeation, wi object itsell is abandoned, then hate is expended pomx62 wetarsvenoLocy vm Me sex stirs, ploy fe Spee hs me ie aoller and dering sadistic gatifeation aig aa al den ais geen which are without doubt irable, sgally, just like row: deh pee ls cerns Gare A aera ering erin ch ae pines Heer he ie She ee Societe ou oe oe ibe ee at gees cee i ee ae Seas Be hee ie de ncn i Sree em Oy Ge ne i Sr Inter go ag to avoid hs toyed ones Aer al, Gos serson who has occasioned the injury to the patient’ Perea Nad against whom his iimess is almed, pee gt rh scab ae cid ong eee fet Hhemaneaies rr ern eames Se gies eran ee, Paty seein sche cian anaes obec ona cae sie, com EN ts te vals y clty Soi a aie wade ie ier ome Sok eit eres seh ton eee poe be ee eg es ea oa Son len Se ear Goi Se bred te ae mB a too eo ee Saronic ee tenes Begs tt race hom rs i oo een eae sans ceoceed ef to eS we oops te ee oe pes meee ae rare ag ates Sm Cat ee "ee tare ar MOURNING AND MELANCHOLIA 363 ee nyt ec atv ope erat etree pe an object--that primordial reaction on the part of the Shh gee meee ae pe Seat Sree, wate Snr uraraae matted Bea wna cide eee Po ee eda eee Ser ee i eee ee eee gah Sate. st to ae eae a Se ee evn one are senaenrate, Lae Seana oree Tvan ar tee erp Bia'ehcstnpored by te texting of res) ad that ae gar ‘by accomplishing this labour the ego succeeds in co 45 libido fom the lost object. We may imagine that ioiearivs Secor cet aera eas Sipe romans t ieee Seemed ee See eres eae Rasen Sopoew aoe eee Se bea ns Paceue ts oe sic ae ataen esa pentane tee Rignaug ales, arate Sretcieeee eens ibnpiy eetemeee ore See264 serarsyouotocy var explicable paycholoically, These questions link o SR RS oa : rong, whether a foss in the eg0 8 Tee tae Aebect purely narcasstie wound to, the So would sufos to produce the clisieal pictute of SSaatholia and whether an impoverishment of ego- {bide directly duo to toxins would not result in certain ferns of the disease, "The most remarkable peculiarity of melancholia, ‘and one most in need of explanation, is, the teadency Fe ckplaye fo tum into rank accompanied by «com- Pistely opposite symptomatology. Not every melan- Ffolin has this fate, af we know. Many cases run their curse n iieritnt pers nthe interval of whic ight” Others show that ‘ei ‘Siemation of melon SBS aad munie phases vitich has been classified 3s slesaristlty. "One would be tempted fo erode hoce cases front among thove of psychogenic oie, the peycho-analytic. method had ‘not soceeeded 18 Heeling en explination and therapeutic improvement St sovetal canes of the kind. Te not merely per. fmissble, therefore, but incumbent upon us to extend Fe ts exlacation of metachate to mani, alge Rls thatthe ecergt wil prove gers SoSH hata uc toyond tt ‘Thre ae at tn 4 pare Ere folnts Gom which ce may start: the fst is @ San aewcimens pectin deans! eee Seen, fr feagen ives Sates eae Bout urd duckie eet eee tee accent oe ‘whereas in mania it has mastered the complex or thrust ee Eee, Ae deech ney aa ae dra bites alesis Se 7 MOURNING AND MELANCHOLIA 365 ‘ae economically conditioned in the same way. Fist, Use alway! a long-sstained condition of great ental exponditare, ot one established by tong res ‘table, Upon wich at last some infuenes supervenes febing apeduoa, 2 fa valume of rey romes aaiibe for mane posible ‘ppatone ad ways o for instance, when seme poor evr by winning a large sum of money, is sudden ‘ved een prptual ny baat dally rea en any long ait arduous ally Growned wit secdea" Sen san fade Minn! ns positon 0 = ‘row off atone Blow somo heavy burden, some false ition he has long endred, and so on; All such BSatlons are characterised. by high spits, by the igus of diseinage of Joytal emotion, and by incensed ‘iio lsh of ci, ke a Sie or rie antares ioe es aeaareed piles Puavammcaraenree iene eee ee Hoes ie ee oe ee ee oar {pnuitians, may be explained in the same wan 50 eriau Tae amare Eee easy oa is fas tas Cee eee Taniacal sate finds suck delight in ovement and Socenntene sme rolemnceaees se iricor wee Saher ie reese ene neers ERa hte ke eo satus ocean Geese Seco Scmercaee : Say oP we Exec aye8 36 nrapsycnotocy vu which the painful suffering of melancholia, drew from the ego and ‘ bound” has become available. Besides this, the maniae plainly shows us that he has become fre rom the object by whom his sufering was caused, for he runs after new object-cathexes like a starving ee ai is explanation certainly sounds plausible, but in the fist place ft is too indefinite, and, secondly, it gives tise to more new problems and doubts than’ we can ‘answer. We will not evade a discussion of them, even though we cannot expect it to lead us to clear under ‘Flsse then: in normal grief too the loss of the object is undoubtedly surmounted, and this process too absorbs all the energies of the ego'while It lasts. Why ‘then does it not set up the economic condition for a ih EXd it imposible to answer this objection often, It reminds s again that we do not even now by what season meat the ork f moaning Cred trough; posdbly, however, e conjectore may help us ere Rey pee iy vedere bloc longer exiets—tpon_ each singla, tnd Hopes through which the ibid as attached to {he lost object, ad the ego, confronted as it were wit ths decision whether fe wil share this fate is persuaded Byte eum of fs matte scr in ang liye to" sever iis attachment, to the non exiotent ‘Object.” We may imagine that, because of the slowness {End the gradual way it which this severance isecioved, the expenditure of energy necessary for it becomes teh, ciated by the tie the tsk i eared ought Tells tempting to exsay a formulation of the work * Tagen lt ew iat ug now ed de aon in porehsansiys Macastie” Petia mente ot an cep, SHIR Foie" Comperaron e's hams of Deentig Tilted Repent ial Yownal of Ppeio-dapeln ol, Siete ET ial sei MOURNING AND MELANCHOLIA 167 performed daring melancholia on the tines of this Soafecture conoeraing the work of mourning. Hare we frovmet af the outst by an uncertainty So fat we ‘ve hardly coasidered the topographical situation fn feaucol, sor pute Gustin i whet seme or Seewoen what syaems in the mind the werk of melan- Glia goss on.” How much of the mental proceses of re dase sil oosuped withthe unconssious object {aienes that have bemn given up end how much with SEak sett, by Kdethtaton, Sn te oo? ‘Now: itis easy to sy and (9 wcte thet ‘the un consents (thing presentation of te object has been SBandoned by ine Hbiae'. Ip reality, however, thie fresetation ie made up of innumerible single im Fresne(encnzzc acs f ter) 2h, Gitkdrawal of Hbldo snot 2 process that can be Sermplibed ne omental st cay be Ne jer one in whch. progress slow and gradual. FissingtSe Begs simblttncouly at several pnts oF felows some sort of definite sequence is not at all easy io decide’ in analyee it often becomes evident that Halo, then bot ramory acted a at the laments which are perpetually the same and wear tome in ther monotony nevertheless each tone ake Se en onic, seengenet Oy ect had not tis great signiicance, strengthened By 2 iueand Inks, toe egy te loss of would be 0 Thane cauer for eiter mosrning or melancholia, TMs arncter of withdrawing the Hbido bt by bt is there- fore to be ascribed alike to mourning and to melan Sosa; tis probably sustained by the same economic Strangementd and serves the same purposes in both. “Af'we have seen, however, there is more in the content of melancholia than in that of normal grief, SR'mdlanthotta the relation tothe object is no simple ues its complicated by the confit of arsbivalence ‘Fs lator eer conseationt, a. it an element Gl every loverelation formed by this particular eg, or hoe jroccels trom prosusly those experience that1368 bETAPSycHOLOGY vu involved a threat of losing the object. For this reason ie exeting canes of melancholia are of a much wider ‘shee ha deo a hh or che mois pet bcccasioned only by # ved! loss of the abject, by iis Sectne"Gn Sneha that i counties tingle con ets in which love and hate’ wrestle together are Tor the object the one seeks to detach he Mo from the abject, the other to upheld this ibidor ain age sunt Theesnglocnfistecannotbe "ig anyaystem bat the Uc, Sh epion of merc fees of thage fas coated wth orator), he els 0 detache Heda made system aso during mourning ; bu in the atte Hitdes these protsses rot proeeding inthe normal ay through Pesto conselotaness, "or the work of Inelancholis this way is Blocked, owing pethaps to & fumber of causes or to their combined operation Constitutional ambivalence belongs by nature to what SPepresed, sie. teaumatie cipeciences withthe Shjee may have stirred to ceivty something le chet hhat'been repressed. Ths everything to do with these fonflcts of ambivalence remaies excluded from com Sciousness, unt the outcome characteristic of melan- Gholla "sete in. Thin, a6, we now, consists in the {bidinal eathexis thats being menaced at last abandon {ng the object only, however, to resume its occupation altthat place ln the ego whence came, So by taking HEC" ope Eve eapes anatuaton, ter ifs sogrecion of the libido the proces. can became conecte it ppm In consti of coi een ne pert of the ogo and ie selteiiazing faculty. ‘That which consciousness is aware of in the work of melancholia thas not the esentiat part of i, nor {S ie even the part which we may cfeit with an {nauence In bringing the sufering to an end. “We see athe ogo debeet ites and rages against eal, and as litle asthe patient do we understand what this can iead to and how it can change. We can more readily 17 MOURNING AND sELANCHOLIA x69 caedit such an achievement to the unconscious part of fe work, because i ls not dificult to =n ‘Ssontalanalogy” betwean ‘the work. pevormed Soelanchoia an in mourning,” Jost asthe work, of iby deg tho objet io by end ent fering ego the benef of conning to lve, pels tho tovgive up the object, 40 each single contet of a ‘allnce, By dlsparagig the object, denigrating it, even Tre by sly eee eatin of oe igo fp it Te possible, thereto, for the procest in the Les to come fo an end, whether fe bo that he fry has Spent ital or that the object fe abandoned a6 no Eiger of vie We canoe tal whi of thee te ‘Pusiblities ls the regular or more usual one in Eilanchole fo an ot, nor hat influence this termina Gaon th far enon of css, Th nny enjoy here the extsfaction of acknowledging, ihe etter ofthe two, as superar to the objet. ‘Bren ire accept this vie ofthe wock of mela choi ull day ot supply. an enantio of thy one felat’opon witch we Raped for light. By anelogy Fath velo other eluations we expected to disover Bike ambivalence proving int melancholia. the ‘Sonumic contin forthe appearance of mania when $e"mlanchotia has run fa course. Dut thre is one {ES to which our expectations must bow. Ofte thes elnino mecha of oe Stbivalens, and regression into the ego-the Ete tro are found aloo in the cboesional roproaches Eling sir the Geath of loved pecons, te these ffs Saebllabiy the ambivalence that motivates the cone HEL and gbservation shows that after (has run its toutse nothing ia the ature of «cumph or 2 mani State of mind is lett, We are. thas directed to the {TiS factors the oniy one that can aye tis eect. ‘Phat accumulation of cathexis which i. rst of all FReind’ and then, stir termination of the work of rcancholia, becores free and makes mania, possible must be connected with the regression of the libidog 70 bErareycHoLoGy vat dey sation, Th coun in th. ap, which ny mare To cai Maer an a pall tnd Seer sd alice ew ccr, ct ee atl cet Bower ewe a a the ed gies Ja te oem cg eae cs See ea ede Se ey wee amy a ied oe iene of connie te ett min ee ea Pat SReEr ae ee it en "Se np, ctrl etn ‘in Group Prpealogy andthe Anat of the Bg. ~ PAPERS ON APPLIED PSYCHO-ANALYSIS