Boiling

Change of phase of a fluid from Liquid to

Gaseous state when heated is called Boiling.

Applications:
-Steam Generators in Steam Power Plants
-Evaporators in Refrigeration/Air-Conditioning

Pool Boiling
When stationary fluid in a container is
heated, if it changes its phase from liquid to
vapor then the type of boiling is called Pool
Boiling.
Examples:
-Vapour formation in a Boiler Drum

Forced Convection Boiling /

Flow Boiling
When a fluid is flowing through a channel and if boils
and vaporizes, then it is called Flow Boiling.
Examples:
Steam Formation in Boiler Tubes.
Vapor formation in Evaporator tubes of a Refrigerator.

Boiling Enhancement Methods

Surface Coatings (nano particles)

Increasing Surface Roughness
Surfactant Additives
Nano scale surface modification
Low Finned Tube

Condensation
It is a phase change phenomenon where vapor converts
into Liquid.
Condensation occurs when the temperature of a vapor is
reduced below its saturation temperature Tsat.
This usually done by bringing vapor into contact with solid
surface whose temperature Ts is below vapor saturation
temperature Tsat.
Condensation can also occur on the free surface of a liquid
or even in a gas when the temperature of the liquid or gas
to which the vapor is exposed is below Tsat.

Types of Condensation
Film condensation
Dropwise condensation

Film Wise
Condensation on a
Vertical Plate

Condensate formation pattern on different

geometries

Flow Regime

Film condensation on an
Inclined plate