06 06.1 06.2 A Positive/Negative Sequence Impedance Measurement Test Equipment Constant-current generator, three-phase, S0HZ, variable voltage (diesel-electric) Shorting Leads; 2-core 2.5mm? ~ 5 metres length flexible test leads terminated by 30A crocodile clips at one end and by 4mm banana plugs at the other end; AVO Megger PMM-1 Power Multimeter Method At the far end of the circuit the cable conductors are connected together by substantial (minimum 95mm) leads. Alternatively if the cables are terminated into GIS, and the primary links have been installed, the circuit ground switch can be closed to provide a low resistance loop between the cable conductors. At the near end of the circuit a 2-core test lead is connected to each phase cable conductor terminal. Care is taken to ensure that the two crocodile clips connect to the conductor terminal separately and do not touch each other. One core of the test lead conveys the test current to or from the power cables whilst the other core transfers the potential at the conductor terminal to the DLRO. This 4-wire connection of the PMM-1 to the cable conductor terminals eliminates the test lead impedances from the measurement. The power cable sheath bonding must be as it will be in service with all links closed and SVL’s connected. The variable transformer is used to drive a current of 100A around the three-phase system. The PMM-1 records the voltage, current and phase-angle measurements of all three phases simultaneously; these are saved into the PMM-1 memory and transcribed onto the test form. The individual phase impedances can be determined directly from the current, voltage and phase angle measurements taken from the PMM-1’s memory. The phase impedances are divided by the declared route length to obtain the measured per kilometre impedance of the cables. This value should be comparable to the cable manufacturer's declared impedance per kilometre which is 10.8 + j 156 42/M. The calculations are performed as follows: V (volts) = Phase Voltage I (amps) = Phase Current © (°)= Phase Angle (V vs 1) Impedance of each phase = * cos ® +ifsin oa Each measurement is divided by the corresponding phase length and the three resulting values are averaged to produce the final result per kilometre. Page II of 23 Q06.3 06.4 Diagram (iF =~) \ | iF | | | A// fy Loor Leas on Gis ily croino se 05 ‘sl HY case neat no Test Report Form The Test Report Form for this test is RO7 Page 12 of 23,A 07 Zero Sequence Impedance Measurement 07.1 Test Equipment Variable transformer: Telwin Nordika 3050, Input 240V, Output 30 ~ 70V, 100A max current. Shorting Leads; 2-core 2.5mm? ~ 5 metres length flexible test leads terminated by 30A crocodile clips at one end and by 4mm banana plugs at the other end; AVO Megger PMM-1 Power Multimeter 072 Method At the far end of the circuit the cable conductors are connected together and grounded by substantial (minimum 95mm‘) leads. Alternatively if the cables are terminated into GIS, and the primary links have been installed, the circuit ground switch can be closed to provide a low resistance loop between the cable conductors. At the near end of the circuit a 2-core test lead is connected to each phase cable conductor terminal. Care is taken to ensure that the two crocodile clips connect to the conductor terminal separately and do not touch each other. One core of the test lead conveys the test current to or from the power cables whilst the other core transfers the potential at the conductor terminal to the DLRO. This 4-wire connection of the PMM-1 to the cable conductor terminals eliminates the test lead impedances from the measurement. The power cable sheath bonding must be as it will be in service with all links closed and SVL's connected. The variable transformer is used to drive a current of 100A around a loop consisting of the three power cable conductors connected in parallel and all of the available return paths from the far end via ground, The values of applied voltage & current and the phase angle between them are indicated on the PMM-1 display and recorded on the test form. To reduce the effect of stray voltages and currents induced in the cables by adjacent energised circuits two sets of readings are taken. ‘The variable transformer output leads are reversed between readings. The two sets of readings are averaged. The expression shown below is used to calculate the zero sequence impedance of the cable circuit. The measured value of zero sequence impedance is divided by the declared route length to obtain the measured per kilometre impedance of the cable circuit. This value should be comparable to the cable manufacturer's declared impedance per kilometre, which is 184 +] 879 wO/M for both feeders. The zero sequence impedance is calculated as follow V (volts) = Loop Voltage I (amps) = Loop Current ® (°)= Phase Angle (V vs 1) Page 13 of 23AMO 3V 3V Zero Sequence Impedance Za = ——cos ® +} sin ® ohms Each measurement is divided by the corresponding length (ie. the red-yellow measurement is divided by the lengths of the red & yellow cables) and the three resulting values are averaged to produce the final result per kilometre. 073 Diagram emi Power Mu.thcree cS) 2eowac Loop LeaDs of GIS (GROUND SwrrcH CLOSED Wein TaANsroRMee HY CABLE NEAR END HV GABE FAR END 074 — Test Report Form The Test Report Form for this test is ROS Page 14 of 23