Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources
Burial of Prince Henry. 2006. Project Gutenburg. 12 December 2012
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18757/18757-h/18757-h.htm
This image is a photograph of the burial site of Prince Henry. It displays the tomb of the
deceased. This is useful for my project because it is the final resting place of Prince
Henry.
Lenin, Vladimir. "Lenin's Call to Power, 24 October 1917." First World War. 25 Oct. 1917. Web.
23 Nov. 2014. <http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/calltopower.htm>.
Within this source is a written memoir from Lenin himself that discusses his plan for an
armed uprising later to be placed into action on October 24 and 25. Having received
news that the Russia's Provisional Government was about to raise the bridges spanning
the Nava, Lenin hastily wrote, on 24 October 1917, his famous 'Call to Power' to the
Soviet Central Committee. In it he urged that power be quickly seized from Alexander
Kerenski's Provisional Government.
Lenin, Vladimir I. "The Critique of Imperialism." The Cold War. Ed. Walter Hixson.
Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 2000. American Journey. Student Resources in Context.
Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
http://ic.galegroup.com

This article was in relation to the issues that Imperialism brings to the forefront.
Imperialism not only begets capitalism,which can lead to many contradictions, but also
increased resistance to many ideas and concepts. Imperialism as a concept seems to thrive
when it is being used for the sake of oppression and consequently increased resistance

from the general populace. The main purpose of imperialism is monopoly capitalism
which has accelerated the capture of raw materials, originated from the banks, and grew
from colonial policy.
Halsall, Paul. "MODERN HISTORY SOURCEBOOK CRIB SHEET: The Russian
Revolution."Internet History Sourcebook. Fordham University, 1 Jan. 1997. Web. 18 Nov. 2014.
http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/RUSREV.asp
This source contains important facts about the Russian Revolution. They are listed in a
bullet point fashion and are thus self-explanatory. Its ordered by year and date and tells
about what happens in each of these time periods. This is going to be extremely
important for when we decide to create a timeline in the future completion of our project.
Halsall, Paul. "Vladimir Illyich Lenin: What Is to Be Done, 1902." Fordham University.
Fordham University, 10 Aug. 1997. Web. 1 Dec. 2014.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1902lenin.asp
This speech given by Lenin in 1902 provides several of the reasons that parts of the
populace was against his leadership. In a sense, this speech was focused around his list of
assertions being made about what the optimal form of government would be. Lenin
established that there could be no lasting movement without firm leadership, furthermore
the more that the general populace is brought into the conflict the more necessary such an
organized movement becomes. He was also very strongly of the belief that those involved
in the revolution at a higher level should take their activities as a profession as a opposed
to a side activity.
Halsall, Paul. "Vladimir Illyich Lenin:1902." Fordham University. Fordham University, 10 Aug.
1997. Web. 1 Dec. 2014. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1902lenin.asp

A speech given by Lenin in relation to his beliefs as to what needs to be done in order to
maintain the success of the revolution as well as the necessary precautions needed to be
taken to ensure its continued existence. He states that working in such an organization of
revolutionaries is a natural progression from being a social democrat working in
oppressed conditions against their employers and the government. Lenin also states that
the participation of the masses as a whole wont be diminished and instead will benefit by
the participation of those members of the revolution who take it more as a profession.
Halsall, Paul. "MODERN HISTORY SOURCEBOOK IN REVIEW: The Russian Revolution."
Fordham University. Fordham University, 17 June 1997. Web. 1 Dec. 2014.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/RUSREVIEW.asp
An outline of all of the general events occurring over the course of the revolution. Within
this article everything from the levels of society being affected, the political leaders being
referenced, as well as important events from the time period are filled out in the form of
bullet points. This is a great source for ensuring that we cover all the key points in
relation to the topic. By glancing at this list of bullet points every now and again we can
ensure that we arent missing anything crucial in the discussion of our topic.
"The Rise of Soviet Russia, 1917-39." PJ Larkin on the Russian Revolution. Web. 18 Nov. 2014.
http://www.johndclare.net/Russ3_Larkin.htm
This is an extract from a exam revision book written in 1965 by PJ Larkin. Two
revolutions occurred in Russia in 1917. The first broke out on March 8 and the second
on November 7. The disasters and hardships of the war brought the old social and
economic problems of Russia to the fore once again. In the towns since the end of the

nineteenth century, the factory worker had been suffering the usual hardships of the early
stages of an `Industrial Revolution'.
"Russian Revolution of 1917." Photos/Illustrations.Encyclopaedia Brittanica.The Russian
Revolution. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2014. Web. 10 Novt. 2014.
Here Lenin is giving a speech addressing other members of the Russian revolution. This
photo was taken during 1917. Here we witness the devotion of his followers and get a
more accurate view of the kind of crowds that would come to see him talk.
University, Durham. "Manifesto of 17 October 1905." Durham University. Durham University, 7
Jan. 2010. Web. 1 Dec. 2014. http://community.dur.ac.uk/a.k.harrington/octmanif.html
A transcription of the manifesto given on October 17, 1905 in relation to the
improvement of the Russian way of life. Given by the Tsar of Russia, it discusses the oath
taken by the Tsar at the beginning of his term that dictates that he dedicates himself to
protecting the state. Like many other pieces of propaganda and news put out during this
time period, the key points are outlined in a separate manner from the rest of the speech.
Within this manifesto, the Tsar grants the people the civil freedoms of speech,
conscience, assembly, and association.
"Soviet Posters." International Institute of Social History. IISG, 17 Dec. 2013. Web. 6 Nov.
2014. http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/sovintro.php
With the Russian Revolution of 1917, for the first time in history an entire nation is
governed by a communist system. The posters from the first years of this government
show revolutionary zeal and optimism of building a new society. This site is a collection
of these posters combined with descriptions of their purpose and where they were used

most prominently. This will serve as an excellent source of accompanying images for our
project.

Secondary Sources
"Artist rendering of Bloody Sunday protest in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 1905, some 200,000
Russian..." New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Ed. Maryanne Cline Horowitz. Vol. 5.
Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005. Student Resources in Context. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
http://ic.galegroup.com/
Here we have an illustration of the infamous Bloody Sunday protest of 1905. The protest
was in demand of better working conditions from the Tsar, however the palace guards
quickly began opening fire upon the demonstrators causing a rapid increase in protest that
eventually led to the beginning of the first Russian Revolution.
Bohlen, Celestine. "REVOLUTION'S DAY GRUDGINGLY NOTED." New York Times 8 Nov.
1991. Student Resources in Context. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
http://ic.galegroup.com/
This article is a fine example of the attitude following the aftermath of the Russian
Revolution. One can always say that an event has a lot of impact, however without
analyzing how it affected the lives of the public you cannot say so with complete
accuracy and confidence. The populace of Russia had a very divisie reaction to the
revolution. For some there were terrible memories associated with the events of the
revolution, and nostalgia for the times of the Soviet Union.
Collinson, Simon. President or King? History Today Nov. 2000: 9-15. eLibrary. Web. 15 Aug.
2011. http://www.elibrary.com

This journal article argues that the partisan conflict that developed in the 1790s and came
to a head in the election of 1800 was a result of the application of the ideals of the
American Revolution. Understanding the American Revolution was the defining event in
the lives of the electorate, the author argues that the Republicans used this event to appeal
to voters, arguing that they would be completing the revolution of 1776. This article
helped in my research to help develop my thesis on the rise of the Republican Party as an
outgrowth of the revolutionary generation.
Crook, Rapp. "The Russian Revolution through the Prism of Propaganda." Ohio State E-History.
Ohio State, 17 May 2010. Web. 7 Nov. 2014.
http://ehistory.osu.edu/exhibitions/russian_revolution
This site focuses heavily upon the posters used as propaganda by the Soviets. THe
Bolsheviks relied upon using visual media as a medium to communicate their message
more effectively to the masses. By looking at their means for conveying their message we
can get a more accurate read on what the general attitude at the time was. Furthermore,
we can gain a baseline by which to judge off of.
"The October Revolution." MIA: History: USSR: Revolution. Web. 18 Nov. 2014.
https://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/events/revolution.
This article discusses the issues that went on during the October Revolution. In particular
it reviews important dates that held events that were seen as major contributions to the
overall goal of the revolution. Protests and strikes against the new government quickly
grew as Russia's involvement in World War I lingered on, and the Provisional
Government responded by establishing a Coalition Government with the Executive
Committee of the Petrograd Soviet. This Dual Power however, created a confused

bureaucratic quagmire, leading the government to inaction on urgent issues such as the
widespread famine and slaughter on the front.
Halsall, Paul. "Modern History Sourcebook: V.I. Lenin: Our Programme, 1899." Internet History
Sourcebook. Fordham University, 1 Apr. 1998. Web. 18 Nov. 2014.
http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/1899lenin-program.asp
This article was written in 1899, for the third number of the Robochaia Gazeta, which
however never appeared, owing to police interference. The article is one of the earliest in
which Lenin clearly stated the policy of an independent party with a clear revolutionary
policy and free of opportunists. International social democracy is at present going
through a period of theoretical vacillations. Up to the present the doctrines of Marx and
Engels were regarded as a firm foundation of revolutionary theory--nowadays voices are
raised everywhere declaring these doctrines to be inadequate and antiquated.
"Poster celebrating the Red Navy during the Russian Revolution, 1917. Two successive uprisings
in..." New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Ed. Maryanne Cline Horowitz. Vol. 5. Detroit:
Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005. Student Resources in Context. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
http://ic.galegroup.com/
A poster in celebration of the Red Navy. Following two uprisings in 1917 from the
Russian peasants and working class, the monarchy was overthrown and the communist
regime was created
"Russian Revolution of 1917." Encyclopedia Britannica. 10 Nov. 2014. Web. 18 Nov. 2014.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513907/Russian-Revolution-of-1917
Russian Revolution of 1917, two revolutions, the first of which, in February, overthrew
the imperial government and the second of which, in October, placed the Bolsheviks in

power. By 1917 the bond between the tsar and most of the Russian people had been
broken. Governmental corruption and inefficiency were rampant. The tsars reactionary
policies, including the occasional dissolution of the Duma, or Russian parliament, the
chief fruit of the 1905 revolution, had spread dissatisfaction even to moderate elements.
The Russian Empires many ethnic minorities grew increasingly restive under Russian
domination.
"Why Was There A Disaster in 1917?" Causes of the Russian Revolution. Web. 18 Nov. 2014.
http://www.johndclare.net/Russ3.htm
The First World War placed an unbearable strain on Russia's weak government and
economy, resulting in mass shortages and hunger. In the meantime, the mismanagement
and failures of the war turned the people - and importantly the soldiers - against the Tsar,
whose decision to take personal command of the army seemed to make him personally
responsible for the defeats. In March 1917, the Tsar lost control first of the streets, then
of the soldiers, and finally of the Duma, resulting in his forced abdication on 15 March
1917.
"Vladimir Lenin (1870 - 1924)." BBC - History. BBC, 26 June 2014. Web. 18 Dec. 2014.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lenin_vladimir.shtml
Lenin was one of the leading political figures and revolutionary thinkers of the 20th
century, who masterminded the Bolshevik take-over of power in Russia in 1917, and was
the architect and first head of the USSR
"Vladimir Lenin." UXL Biographies. Detroit: U*X*L, 2003. Student Resources in Context. Web.
19 Nov. 2014.
http://ic.galegroup.com/

Lenin, leader of the Russian Communist Party and driving force behind the Russian
Revolution, was a dictator like ruler who suppressed all who opposed him. Despite the
Czars abolition of serfdom he still ensured that he had complete rule of the country with
absolute control. Thus, as many of the populace of Russia did at the time, Lenin desired
a greater voice in the government.Lenin joined the revolution while still a law student
attending University. In 1895 Lenin was arrested and sent to prison for 14 months and
subsequently exiled to Siberia for three years.
Hornung, Andrew, and John O'Mahony. "Lenin and the Russian Revolution." Workers' Liberty.
15 Mar. 2010. Web. 17 Dec. 2014. http://www.workersliberty.org/story/2010/03/15/lenin-andrussian-revolution
Of Karl Marx's fate at the hands of his alleged followers in the early socialist movement,
Lenin wrote that it was often the fate of revolutionaries that after their deaths their names
were made into legends to console the oppressed, while their ideas their real politics,
what they had stood for in life were thrown out and replaced by something else.
Something very like that happened to Lenin himself. It happened to him almost
immediately after his death. The bureaucracy which ruled the USSR mummified his poor
physical remnants, built a great 'Lenin Mausoleum' and created an obscene national
shrine around the mummy.

"Vladimir Lenin - Biography." Bio. A&E Television Networks, 1 Jan. 2015. Web. 3 Jan. 2015.
http://www.biography.com/people/vladimir-lenin-9379007
Vladimir Lenin founded the Russian Communist Party, led the Bolshevik Revolution and
was the architect of the Soviet state. He was the posthumous source of "Leninism," the
doctrine codified and conjoined with Marx's works by Lenins successors to form

Marxism-Leninism, which became the Communist worldview. He has been regarded as

the greatest revolutionary leader and thinker since Marx.
Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Russian Revolution Timeline." About Education. About Education, 1 Jan.
2015. Web. 27 Dec. 2014. http://history1900s.about.com/od/Russian-Revolution/a/RussianRevolution-Timeline.htm
The Russian Revolution of 1917 deposed the czar (in theFebruary Revolution ) and
installed the Bolsheviks in power (in the October Revolution ). After winning the civil
war in Russia, the Bolsheviks established theSoviet Union in 1922. Follow the events as
they unfolded in this timeline of the Russian Revolution.
"The Russian Revolution." Rational Revolution. 1 Jan. 2015. Web. 6 Jan. 2015.
http://www.rationalrevolution.net/war/russian_revolution.htm
The Russian Revolution was the most important revolution of the 20th century, and was
one of the most important revolutions in the history of the world. I would place it as the
third most important revolution after the American and French Revolutions. Like the
American Revolution, and most other revolutions, the Russian Revolution was a
revolution against economic oppression. In addition to this, the Russian Revolution
started out as a revolution for democracy. Talks about what happened from there.

"Prominent Russians: Vladimir Lenin." Russiapedie: Get to Know Russia Better. Russiapedia, 1
Jan. 2015. Web. 3 Jan. 2015. http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/leaders/vladimir-lenin
He is the founder and the guiding spirit of the Soviet Republics - a communist
philosopher, ardent disciple of Karl Marx, leader of the Bolshevik Party and the
mastermind of the 1917 October Revolution. Some consider him a prophet, others a
tyrant; there are those who call him a saint, many more a devil. What is certain is that

Lenin played an enormous role in the history of the 20th century. He reshaped Russia and
had millions of people bent to his will. Lenin applied communist ideas to real life and his
experiment forever changed the face of the world.
"Propaganda Investigative Assets." PBS. PBS, 19 Sept. 1999. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
http://www.pbs.org/redfiles/prop/inv/prop_inv_ins.htm
A collection of various pieces of propaganda from this period of time. Propaganda has a
huge effect on public opinion and thus its incredibly important to look at examples when
s of the types of propaganda around during periods of social uprising and change such as
the Russian Revolution. The kinds of propaganda visible show the kinds of mentality that
would be present in supporters of the revolution. By being aware of this, we can more
accurately portray the general attitude of the people involved via our project.
Kennan, George. "The Russian Revolution - Fifty Years After." Foreign Affairs. 1 Jan. 2015.
Web. 4 Jan. 2015. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23917/george-f-kennan/the-russianrevolution-fifty-years-after
The trouble began when irregularities in the food supply led to street disorders in the
capital city. Compared to ones that had occurred in the past, these disorders were not of
an unusual or particularly dangerous nature. Nevertheless, the rgime proved incapable of
controlling them and restoring order. The war had taken its toll of the best units of the old
army, with their relatively high morale and good discipline.
Bickman, Mitchell, and Brad Seidman. "Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution in
Russia." 1 Jan. 2015. Web. 3 Jan. 2015.
http://people.hofstra.edu/alan_j_singer/CoursePacks/VladimirLeninandtheBolshevikRevolutioni
nRussia.pdf

At the end of the 19th century, many Russians were deeply dissatisfied with the Czarist
monarchy and backward social and economic conditions in their country. Some favored
transforming Russia into a modern constitutional democracy similar to governments in
Western Europe. Other dissidents had even more radical ideas and in 1881, one of the
groups was responsible for the assassination of Czar Alexander II. His successor,
Alexander III, responded by placing harsher political restrictions on the Russian people.
"Russian Revolution in Color | 2007 Documentary." YouTube. 31 Jan. 2013. Web. 3 Jan. 2015.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Me7vZ1qes8k
This documentary has vital information that we can use on our website. It talks about
many different viewpoints in the Russian Revolution. We will be able to use segments of
this on our website presentation.
1 Jan. 2015. Web. 4 Jan. 2015.
http://youronevoicecanmakeadifference.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/the-russian-revolution1917-1923-also-known-as-the-october-revolution-led-by-vladimir-lenin.jpg
This is a picture of Vladimir Lenin reveling in front of thousands of people. It is quite
inspiring and adds to just the type of person he was and what he accomplished.
Vodovozow, V.V. "Programme of the Socialist Revolutionary Party." Durham University.
Durham University, 6 Oct. 1999. Web. 1 Dec. 2014.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/RUSREV.asp
The chief purpose of this document was an explanation of the goals and reasons for
existence behind the revolution. It states in very clear bullet points exactly what the
revolutionaries hope to achieve and follows up with concrete reasons behind it. The
recurring point within the programe is that the revolutionary party sees what they are

doing as being beneficial both economically and spiritually for the people. Therefore,
everything that can be done to achieve their goal should be done.
"Woman's Red Army." Gale Student Resources in Context. Detroit: Gale, 1917.Student Resources in
Context. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
http://ic.galegroup.com/
Over the course of the revolution many women served as part of the Red Army, one of
the all-women combat units. This image serves as an example of what a traditional unit
would look like. By observing their appearance we can get a portrayal of what the period
of time was like, in a sense