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  • E8

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    Miguel Perez
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    estándar para prueba de tensión en materiales

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    estándar para prueba de tensión en materiales

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    13 просмотров23 страницы

    E8

    Загружено:

    Miguel Perez
    estándar para prueba de tensión en materiales

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
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    из 23
    fly Designation: E 8 - 03 meal ‘Standard Test Methods for Mabway and Traresornion Sea Sarde Tension Testing of Metallic Materials" This urd issued ud the ied design Ether nity follwing te desinaion ines the yea of xg sMdapton ori th cae evintonthe year let evn. Arum pennants the Yar meaner A sapencrt pon c initn an etarial change since heft reve or ep ‘This stondan has ben approved for ase hy agencies of the Deparment of Defense. 1, Scope* 1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic ‘materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the methods of determination of yield strength, yield point elon- ‘gation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area. [Nort 1—A complete metic companion fo Test Methods F & as been developed, therefore, no meric equivalents are shown in these test wthods. Commitee E28 was granted an exception in 1997 by the ‘Comite on Standards o mainisn EX and ESM as separate companion standards rather thin combining standards as resommended by th Form and Style Manval "Nort 2 Gage lengths in these test methods ae ried tobe 4D for most round specimens. Test specimens made fiom powder metallurgy (PIM) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agroement to keep the pressing ofthe material toa specific projected area and density Novt 3-Bceptions tothe provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material. Fo examples, soe Tet Methods and Definitions A 370 and Test Methods 1 557, ‘Nore 4Room temperature shall be considered to be $0 to 100° unless otherwise specified, 1.2 This standard does mot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. Mt is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica~ bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: ‘A336/A 356M. Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines? A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products* "These test methods se unde the jusdiction of ASTM Commitee E28 on Mechanical Testing andar the det rspnnbity of Sabcoriitee E2804 en ‘Current dion approved July 10, 203, Pushed September 2003. Oily apyyoved in 1924 Last previous etton approved 2000 ns E801" nm! Book of ASTM Sundaes, Vl D1. * Guu Book of ASTM Standard, Nl 01.03. B 557 Test Methods of Tension Testing Wrought and Cast ‘Aluminum and MagnesiumAlloy Produets* 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines’ 3.6 Temiology Relating 0 Methods of Mesh Te in E.8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallie Mate- rials (Metre]* 1.29 Prati for Using Significant Digits in Test Data 10 Determine Conformance with Specifications® 1.83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten someters? 1.208 ‘Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test 10 Determine Nil-Ductlty Transition Temperature of Feriic Steels? F345 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil® E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study 10 Determine the Precision of a Test Method 1.1012 Practice for Verification of Specimen Alignment Under Tensile Loading* 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions The definitions of terms relating to tension testing appearing in Terminology F 6 shall be considered as applying to the terms used in these test methods of tension testing, Additional terms being defined are as follows: 3.1.1 discontinuous yielding —in a uniaxial test, a hesitation or fluctuation of force observed at the onset of plastic defor ‘mation, due localized yielding. (The stress-strain curve need ot appear to be discontinuous.) 3.1.2 lower yield strength, LYS {FL *|—in a uniaxial test, the minimum stress recorded during discontinuous yielding, ignoring transient effets. 3.1.3. upper yield srength, UYS (FL *) — ina uniaxial west, the first stress maximum (stress a frst zero slope) associated. ‘with discontinuous yielding at or near the onset of plastic eformation. 3.1.4 yield point elongation, YPE— in a uniaxial test, the strain (expressed in percent) separating the stress-strain eurve’s “Annual Book of ASTM Standards No 02.02 inmual Book of ASTM Standards, Nt 001 "Amman! Book of ASTM Standards, NOL 1402 A Summary of Changes section appears atthe end of thls standard epyapt© SI inaratera UD Ear Hater Ome, PO Box C7, as Constanta, PA 928288 Unie Sitar ip & 8-03 first point of zero slope from the point of transition from discontinuous yielding (@ uniform strain hardening. If the transition occurs over a range of strain, the YPE end point is the intersection between (a) horizontal line drawn tangent to the curve atthe last zero slope and ( 6) a line drawn tangent to the strain hardening portion of the stress-strain curve at dhe point of inflection, If there is no point at or near the onset of yielding at which the slope reaches zero, the material has 0 % YE, 3.1.5 uniform elongation, Ely, (%]—the clongation deter ‘mined at the maximum force sustained by the test piece just prior to necking or fracture, or both. 3.1.5.1 Discussion Uniform elongation includes both elas- tic and plastic elongation, Significance and Use 4.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy evelopment, quality control, and design under certain cireum- stances. 4.2 The results of tension tests of specimens machined 10 standardized dimensions from selected portions of a part or ‘material may not totally represent the strength and ductility ‘properties ofthe entire end product or its in-service behavior in different environments, 4.3: These test methods are considered satisfactory for ac- ceptance testing of commercial shipments. The test methods have been used extensively in the trade for this purpose. 'S. Apparatus 5.1 Testing Machines Machines used for tension testing shall conform to the requirements of Practices E 4, Te forces used in determining tensile strength and yield strength shall be within the verified foree application range of the testing ‘machine as defined in Practices F 4. 5.2 Gripping Devices: 5.2.1 General Various types of gripping devices may be used 10 transmit the measured force applied by the testing ‘machine to the test specimens, To ensure axial tensile stress ‘within the gage length, the axis of the test specimen should coincide with the center line of the heads of the testing machine. Any departure from this requirement may introduce bending stresses that are not included in the usual stress computation (force divided by cross-sectional area) [Noms $-The elect of this coventie force applisation may be illu tmted by calculating the bending moment and stess thus added. For points for each 0.001 in. of eccentricity. This error increases to 224 pereentage point0.001 in. fora 0.380-in. diameter specimen and to 3.17 ereenlagePoint.001 in, fora .25tein, diameter specimen, ‘Noms 6Alignment methods are given in Practice E 1012 5.2.2 Wedge Grips—Testing machines usually are equipped ‘with wedge grips. These wedge grips generally furnish a satisfactory means of gripping long specimens of ductile metal and flat plate test specimens such as those shown in Fig. 1. 1, however, for any reason, one grip of a pair advances farther than the other as the grips tighten, an undesirable bending siress may be introduced, When liners are used behind the wedges, they must be of the same thickness and their faces ‘must be Mat and parallel. For best results, the wedges should be supported over their enire lengths by the heads of the esting machine. This requires that liners of several thicknesses be available 1 cover the range of specimen thickness, For proper ripping, it is desirable thatthe entire length of the serrated face of each wedge be in contact with the specimen. Proper alignment of wedge grips and liners is illustrated in Fig. 2. For short specimens and for specimens of many materials itis generally necessary to use machined test specimens and 10 use a special means of gripping to ensure that the specimens, when under load, shall be as nearly as possible in uniformly distributed pure axial tension (soe 5.2.3, 5.24, and 5.2.5) 5.23 Grips for Threaded and Shouldered Specimens and Brittle Materials—A schematic diagram of a gripping device for threaded-end specimens is shown in Fig. 3, while Fig. 4 shows a device for gripping specimens with shouldered en Both of these gripping devices should be attached tothe heads ofthe testing machine through properly lubricated spherical- seated bearings. The distance between spherical bearings should be as great a feasible. 5.24 Grips for Sheet Materials The selé-adjusting grips shown in Fig. $ have proven satisfactory for testing sheet ‘materials that eannot be tested satisfactorily in the usual ype of wedge gris. 5.2.5. Grips for Wire Grips of ether the wedge or snubbing types as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 or fat wedge grips may be used 533 Dimension-Measuring Devices—Micrometers and other

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