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Windows
CHAPTER
Objectives
Key Terms
accordion door
awning window
bay window
bifold door
bow window
brick mold
casement window
casing
clerestory window
door jamb
door schedule
double-action door
double-hung window
drip cap
Dutch door
Printed for:
flu sh door
French doors
hopper window
jalousie window
mullions
muntins
panel door
pocket door
rails
sash
sill
skylight
sliding doors
stiles
window schedule
483
erikaaraujo@bisd.us (c) 2014 Goodheart-Willcox Publisher. All Rig
hts rese
Section 4
484
HDDH
DD
WDH
310
WDH
WPW 4310
0;"",'''''''''' Hoig/1t
Unit
Width
1'-1118"
4'-0718 "
1' 951S
3'-55>.W
4' 0718'
4'-0718 "
310
Roo"" Opo.'ning
Width
7'-1518"
l \cigh.
4'Q7/ij"
Fig ure 20-1. A unit elevation report generated from Andersen Corporation's Window StudioR software.
The software provides tools for creating window designs and printing out schedules and product reports.
(Andersen Corporation)
Interior and
Exterior Doors
A number of classification systems may be
used to identify the various styles and types of
doors in residen tial construction. Two broad
classes are interior and exterior doors. Doors
may further be grouped according to the method
of construction, uses, function, or location.
Printed for:
Interior Doors
Types of interior doors include flu sh, panel,
b ifold, sliding, pocket, double-action, accordion,
Du tch, and French . Interior doors should be a
m inimum of 32" wide to permit comfortable
passage of a wheelchair. Lever-type or vertical
pull-handles may be easier for a hand icapped
person to operate. Automatic door openers
m ay be required in some cases.
Chapter 20
485
Flush Doors
FIIlSll doors are smooth on both sides and
are usually made of wood. See Figure 20~2.
Standard interior wood fl ush doors are 1-3/8"
thick. They are hollow-core doors that have
a wood frame around the perimeter. Interior
fl ush doors are produced in a wide range of
widths, from 2'-0" to 3'-0". The standard width
increment is 2".
Panel Doors
A pallel door has a heavy frame around the
outside and generally at least one cross member.
The frame and cross members fonn small panels,
Figure 20~3A . The vertical members are called
stiles and the horizontal members are rails,
Panels that are thinner than the frame are p laced
in grooves on the inside edges of the stiles and
rails to enclose the space. The panels may b e
wood, g lass, metal, or other material. Panel
doors are usually produced in wh ite pine, but
may be constructed of other woods or plastic.
Figure 20-3B shows the plan view symbol and
elevation view of a panel door.
8ifold Doors
A bifold do or is made of two parts that
together form the door, They may be attached
to the side jambs with conventional hinges o r
DO
DD
DD
o
Section 4
secu red to the head jamb and floor using a pivot
hinge. Bifold doors may be flush, paneled, or
louvered. See Figure 20-4. They are popular
as closet doors, but are seldom used for other
applications.
S liding Doo rs
Slidillg doors, or bypass doors, are popular
where there are large openings. See Figure 20-5.
Any number of doors may be used for a g iven
opening. The wid th is not critical because the
d oors are hung from a track mounted on the head
jamb. Door pulls are recessed to allow the doors
to pass w ithout interference. Glidesare installed
on the floor to prevent the bottoms from swinging
in or out.
Sliding doors may be flu sh, paneled, o r
louvered. They are usually constructed from
wcxxl, but other materials may be used. The major
problem with wood sliding doors is wa rping,
because they are not restra ined by hinges.
Chapter 20
487
Pocket Doors
Double-Action Doors
Accordion Doors
Accordioll doors are frequently used to close
large openi ngs as an alternative to bifold or
sliding doors. See Figure 20-8. They require little
space and are produced in a large variety of
materials and designs. They may be constructed
from wood, plastic, or fabric. Lndiv idual hinged
panels are sometimes used, as well as a large
folded piece of fabric or other material. The
door is su pported on a track mounted on the
head jamb.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
0
Figure 20-7. A double-action door shown with its
a pocket door.
Printed for:
Section 4
488
Exterior Doors
Residential exterior doors are similar to
some of the interior types, but also have some
differences. Exterior wood d oors are usually not
holl ow core . They are also thicker than interior
doors.
Common exterior door styles include flu sh,
pa nel, and swinging or sliding glass. Dutch
doors and French doors can be used as interior
doors, but are most commonly used as exterior
doors. Garage doors are a lso exterior doors.
Flush Doors
Standa rd exterior flush wood doors are
u sua lly 1-3/4" thick. These d oors are produced
from birch, mahogan y, oak, and severa l other
woods, as well as metal or reinforced fiberglass.
Glass, moldings, or other decorative millwork
may be added to the flu sh door to enhance its
appearance. See Figure 20-10.
Panel Doors
Exterior panel doors are available in a great
variety of styles. They are constructed from
white pine, oak, fir, and various other woods, as
well as metal and reinforced fiberg lass. These
d oors arc produced in the same sizes as flu sh
d oors. See Figure 20-11.
Dutch Doors
A DJ/tel, door is composed of two parts:
an upper section and a lower section . The
u pper section may be opened independently
of the lower section. This allows for ligh t and
venti lation. See Figure 20-14. A Dutch d oor is
genera lly used as an exterior door, although
it may a lso be placed between a kitche n and
dining room.
French Doors
Fret/eI, doors are panel doors in which all of
the panels are g lass. See Figure 20-15. They are
popular for doors that lead to a patio or te rrace.
They may also be used behveen rooms to close
Printed for:
Chapter 20
489
I
Double Flush or Panel Doors in a Frame Wall
!
Sliding Door Unit in a Frame Wall
Figure 20-9. These are standard plan view sym bo ls of common exterior doors .
Printed for:
Section 4
490
Figure 20-12. A-These sliding glass doors provide a panoramic view and easy access 10 the deck. (Pella/
Roiscrem COII/Pally) B-These swinging glass doors provide access to the deck and allow natural light
into the dining room. (Tile AtriulIl Door and Window Corporation)
Employability
Team Protocol
Residential home design is generally nol a
one-person task. An entire team may be required
to design the home, check the plans for structural
integrity, ensure compliance with local building
codes, and prepare the final working drawings.
In teams, there is a protocol, or set of unspoken
rules, thai dictates behavior.
Team protocol suggests that a team:
Printed for:
Listen actively
Get involved
Activity
Consider the types of tasks involved in
designing a home, from the initial ideas to the
Ii nal preparation of working drawings, Create a
list of the people who might be on the design
team. For each person on the list, identify ways
that person can contribute to the final goal.
Discuss your ideas with other class members.
Chapter 20
491
Garage Doors
Height
Note:
Unit D imension refers to overall outside-to-outside frame , Unobstructed Glass refers to visible glass dimensions. Numbers in
2'.JJ"
1813)
(1505)
115(5)
12')12)
2'-8 '/,"
,'q
,q
9'.9 '/0"
(832)
11~2' )
(1 524)
129091)
-5'''"2'-5''-'
2 '-~''-' 2'-5'
11~2)
(152)
(154)
~D
fWG 2668
RlMIgh Gpetolnc
(132)111~
~D
0
m
I
fWG :t9I11S
unII._
(132)1
fWG 11HHiI-f-
11'-9-
3'2"
I%~)
(1810)
3',2 '/0"
,q
, ~,
11810)
13t>811
,q
11',9 '/0-
082'))
(3600)
t-IO"Al l-IO"A."2'-UY,
19(5)
" 2'
r 1 '/ "
7'11'/"
15'-9"
(12/0)
12( 19)
12(19)
I -I )
'"
12'381
"
"-2'1,"
(1289)
..
12':lIl)
3'-11',-.
3'-11 '''"
11210)
11210)
3'-II W
(1210)
3'_11 ',-.
11210)
15'-9 '/'-
3'- 11 "/1'112111
"."
3'-10" 1'"
I 1118'i
3'-10 "/10"
(1189
3'-11 "/1<"
1121,
- DD- ID[JICJDI
0
'--
'--
FWG 160611"
Figure 20-13, Standard sizes of glass sl id ing doors. (Corlrtesy Alldersen Windows ll1c.)
Printed for:
Section 4
492
D
0
IQIIQ1
IQIIQ1
-
B
Figure 20-14. A-The top half of a Dutch door
can be opened to allow light and air into a room.
(Kell ScllII/zejSlwtlerstock.com) B-A Dutch door
shown with its plan view symbol.
Printed for:
B
Figure 20-15. A-French d oors provide ligh t and
a view of the outdoors. (Marvin Windows and
Doors) B-French doors shown with their plan
view symbol.
Chapte r 20
493
~ \
SpecifYing Doors
Each door identified on the foundation/
basement p lan and floor plan should appear in a
door Sc/ledllie w ith its specifications. Information
included o n the door schedule should be
obtai ned from manufacturer's litera ture. Specifications vary and it is important to have exact
Sing le Door
Width
Double Door
Width
6'-6"
8'-0"
15'-0"
6'-6"
9'-0"
16'-0"
6'-6"
10'-0"
18'-0"
7'-0"
8'-0""
15'-0"
7'-0"
9'-0"
16'-0"'''
7'-0"
10'-0"
18'-0"
8'-0"
8'-0"
~These
Door Details
An interior or exterior door is p laced inside
a door jamb, which is the frame that fits inside
the rough opening. See Figure 20-20. Jambs may
be constructed from wood or metal. Wood jambs
are more common in residential constnlCtion. A
jamb consists of three parts-two side jambs and
a head jamb across the top. Jambs fo r exterior
doors are ordinarily 1-1/8" th ick and interior
jambs are 3/4". The door stop is a rabbet joint
in the th icker exterior jambs, but is appl ied to
the face of interior jambs. See Figu re 20-21.
Jambs are ava ilable already assembled with
the door h ung and ready for installation. nlese
are called prchzmg Zlnits. Prehung units are
adjustable for s light variations in wall thickness.
Consult the manufac turer's literature to determ ine the preferred rough opening size.
Rough openings for interior doors are usually
fra med 3" more than the door height and 2-1/2"
more than the door wid th. This provides ample
space for the jambs and the necessary leveling
and squaring. The space behveen th e jamb and
Section 4
494
Door Schedu le
5~m. Qv~ n.
i ~pe
Roueh Opening
D oor 5 io:e
Mil n ufacturer' ~
RemilrM
Number
I"lu&h
E:I" 36 EI
I"lu&h
II" 32 H
'Flush
IF 30 M
'8 1-Fo ld
50s ... mll"",ract ur s r'e apsee. f'> ' '-</) ' x 6 '-13"
-S lid Ing
4 ' 2-11:1' x
G:.!I rtl9 5
b '~'!l -1 /4'
2 '~ '
x 6 ''-8 "
16 '-0' x
"t'.~'"
BF %> AL
1"'0
cor". b irch
m 8hogll ~ :J
=re. m llhoga~:J
Ii=' 24 M.
c.
1<& &
Figure 20-19. A typical door schedule for a sct of residential house plans.
Side iamb
RO"gh
opening
1_3J8 thick
ff
Door jamb
Exterior Door Jamb
Side jamb
Chapter 20
.95
Side Jamb
10m
Bri ck
SOde
jamb
Veneer
Horizontal
siding
E. terior
molding
Side jamb
Frame
E. terior
Ul.(''if'jh'
Interior
trim
Head
jamb
Figure 20-22. Exterior d oor details for frame and brick veneer construction.
Windows
When selecting windows for a dwelling,
it is important to remember the functions that
w indows perform. They adm it ligh t from the
outside; provide fresh air and ventiJatjon to the
various rooms; help to create an ahnosphere
inside by framing an exterior view; and add
detail, balance, and design to the exterior o f the
house.
Proper design and placement of windows
will help to eliminate dark comers and provide
a uniform amount of light across a room. The
following guidelines will help achieve a more
evenly lighted room.
Class area should be at least 20% of the
floor area of the room. This amoW1t of glass
will provide s uitable natural light even on
cloudy days. When the light outside is vel)'
bright, the intensity may be controlled with
shades or draperies.
For increased light, the principal windows
should face toward the south .
One la rge window opening will produce
less contrast in brightness than several
smaller openings.
Better d istribution of light will be
accomplished if windows are placed on
m ore than one wa ll See Figure 20-23.
Printed for:
496
Section 4
Witulow Types
Many types of windows are ava ilable
for residential construction. See Figure 20-25.
Wllldows are constructed differently, depending
on whether they are made of wood, metal, or
Figure 20-24. The window in this kitchen not only provides plenty of natural light, but also makes the
room seem larger. (Irimw Shiyall/Shuttersfock.com)
Printed for:
Chapter 20
.97
B
Horizontal sliding window
Double-hung window
Combinatio n Window s
,
ITI]
Swinging Windows
,
,,
, , ,,
1<=4
, , '-
1
;:::::
Picture window w ith a double-hung
window on each side
,, ,,
Casement window
Awning window
JalouSie window
Hopper window
Fixed Windows
Combinalion window
Picture window
Gable
Triangle
@
Trapezoid
"".gon
Circle top
B
,,
,, ,
,
,
,,
,,
,
i
'~
Figu re 2(}'25. A-Typica l windows used in residential construction. B-Elevation and plan views of
residential windows.
Printed for:
Section 4
'98
depends on:
Construction considerations
Building codes
Persona 1 taste
Sliding Windows
The two types of sliding w indows most
commonly used in residential construction are
double-hung and horizontal sliding. Double-Jumg
wi"dows have two sashes. See Figu re 20-26. The
Energy-Efficient Windows
When you think of windows, you probably
think of glass in a frame. Today, however, some
windows are not made of glass at all. For example,
acrylic is used in some windows. Although it is
as clear as glass, some types of acrylic produced
today are 20% more energyefficient than glass.
Acrylic is also more flexible than glass, so it is
more difficult to break. Unfortunately. acrylic is
made using petroleum products, so although it is
energyefficient. it is not really sustainable. It is
much more difficult to recycle than glass.
Glass remains the material of choice for most
windows. It can be made more energy-efficient
through various coatings. The seal between the
glass and frame is also an important factor. Glass
can also be laminated to make it windresistant.
In fact, several window manufacturers offer
hurricane-resistant windows that contain
laminated glass.
Printed for:
Chapter 20
499
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Printed for:
Section 4
500
Swinging Windows
In swinging windows, one or more sashes
open by sw inging in or ou t from the frame. The
four types of swinging windows most conunonly
used in residential construction are casement,
awning, hopper, and jalousie windows.
Printed for:
Chapter 20
SOl
1l'/,'
2' 11'/'"
4'11'/,'
(895)
(1200)
(1505)
'"
4'.{)'
5'0'
6'{)"
(1219)
(1524)
(1829)
1914)
5'
(1810)
18'/1, '
(472)
tE EE
G32
042
[!l 3 EE1HE
033
G43
653
66J
~ mmm3
G336 6436
G536
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m
mm;
G34
G44
G54
654
G35
G45
G55
665
mmml
'"
'0-11'"
I~}
D
--
Note:
Venting indicated as
viewed from the exterior.
II
=t
,,-
i~
"'I"
,
- .......
" f.:V"
1.. 31
0_
..
--~-,.,.",
~"'/l"
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"""'I
,...O><JI
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--
...:v..
11"11
(1'""
.. '1 '..1
",-
... 1' ..
Figure 20-29, Sizes of horizontal sliding windows. (Courtesy Alldersm Windows Ille. )
Printed for:
S02
Section 4
Figure 2()"30. Casement windows are hinged on the side and open outward. (CTalialla/S/III/tl'rslock.colII)
Fixed Windows
The purpose of fixed windows is to provide
a vi~w ,and ~dmit light. They do not permit
venti lation. Fixed windows are more likely to
be c ustom made and, therefore, may be sized
for a specifi c appl ica tion. Since they do not
open, weather stripping, hardware, and screens
are not required. Examples of fixed windows
include ~icture windows, circle top windows,
and speCIal shapes.
Picture windows are fixed-g lass units and
are usually rather large. The ter m "picture
window" is used because the view is framed
like a picture. These \'"indows are often th~
center unit of a group of regula r windows. See
Figure 20-37. Picture windows may be purchased
in standard sizes or custom-made on the job.
Figure 20-38 gives the standard sizes of picture
window units produced by one manufacturer.
Printed for:
Combination Windows
Combination windows are a mixture of
two or more types of w indows. The three most
popular types include bay w indows, bow
windows, and picture w indows combined w ith
swinging or s liding windows.
Chapter 20
503
----
.. ,.."
,..,y.-
",
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Figure 2031. Standard casement window sizes. (Courtesy Alldersen Wi/ldows Til e.)
Printed for:
Section 4
Awning Single
,
Hinge
side
"'"
""""
-""
Hinge
side
,
Right-Hand Hinge
"m (61~. 1
II ',,' foSY,'
1286)
()111
[J
,]5"]'-C
.~::;:::;:.:=
1"5'1>-,
1 I I 1'-6(149)
Unobsuucted
GlaSi o
Left-Hand Hinge
1, '1'"0 ~i
""' S1 (591)
1'-6- . 14'
2<116
1'_11">' ,
15 V>,
"'" """
i-&
"'"
,m,
) '-6"
(914)
fllY,
1591)
I:l
2616
1 1'-5"'(1411
(1061)
1'IIY,-
1::1
I::l
3016
3616
...
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o
(1201)
(12191
15",'
(local
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0016
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1620
2<12<1
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30<'0
36<'0
00<'0
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2026
1616
lO16
)6l6
.026
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16)0
20)0
l6J(I
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)6)0
00)0
Note:
Unit Dimension refers to overall outside-to-outside frame .
Unobstructed Glass refers to visible glass dimensions.
Chapter 20
505
Window Schedules
A wil/dow sc1ledlfle provides information
about all windows in a structure such as type
of window, size, identifying symbol, manufact urer's number, and installation . See
Figure 20-45. The window schedule may be
placed on the same sheet as the floor plan o r
elevation, if space permits. Otherwise, it may
be located on one of the other drawings. Care
mu st be taken to ensure that all windows
are listed on the schedule and are properly
identified.
Printed for:
Seclion 4
Uni! DimeRsion
'I>"
3' 11 '/2"
112(l 7)
'.,'1"
,. '1
(1435)
4'9'
5 -5 'I
l'.()'
4'.()
(135lt1
4'6"
5'.{I"
5'6"
5'11'/,'
(1816)
6'0'
(~14)
0219)
(13721
(1448)
(1524)
(1676)
(1829)
29't."
4 1 'I>"
47 'I'"
!iO'/,'
(149)
(10541
(1207)
(12831
53
(135lt)
59
(15111
(1664 1
244.,,;3030
244fH 030
244Fl:.4630
244F:X4930
244013040
244014040
244 Fl:.4640
244F:X4940
244013046
244014046
244Fl:.4646
244Fl:. 4946
244f"l:.5046
244f"l:.5646
244F:X6046
244r.o:3049
244014049
244r.o:4649
244rx4~9
244r.o:5049
244f"l:.5649
244rx6049
244f)(30!iO
2Uf)(40!iO
244r.o:46!iO
244f)(49!iO
244r.o:!iO!iO
244f"l:.&6!iO
244f"l:.30&6
244f"l:.40&6
244r.o:46&6
2440149&6
244r.o: 50&6
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244Fl:.4660
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2' 11
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Note:
Unit Dimension refers to overall outside-to-outside frame. Unobstructed Glass refers to visible glass dimensions.
Figure 20-38. Standard picture window sizes. (Courtesy Alldersell Willdows 111c.)
Printed for:
Chapter 20
507
A
Un~
Dimension
l ' 7 1/ "
(49 5)
\'-8"
Minimum
Rough Opening
,50S,
Unobstructed Glass
13 '/2'
(343)
.
1'II'h"
2'.3 '/2"
2' 7 '/2'
(597)
2'-{I"
(699)
2' 4'
(800)
2'.s'
(610)
17 1/2'
(711)
21 1/1'
(813)
25 1/2'
(445)
(546)
'''''
--
2'111/1"
~~~,) 1
(914)
29 lh'
(749)
(1003)
3'4'
(1016)
33 '/2'
(85 1)
2UCT34
1If!nat!lsanc2'
2Cf18'
Drdo! lop
lJnj[
DIm . ~
I '.(J"" /321)
AoutrI Otlt. ~
1'1",'
(33))
Figure 2039. A-Circle top wind ows can be combined with other wind ows or doors. (Peachtree Doors, /IIC.)
B-Typica l sizes of circle top windows. (Courtesy Andersell Willdows /I1 C,)
Printed for:
Section 4
508
(
Hip
RightTriangle
Triangle
Trapezoid
600
Gable
Octagon
Truncated Hip
B
Figure 20-40. A-This unique custom window
adds an individual touch to a private residence.
(Weather Shield Mfg., hlc.) B-Popular shapes for
special-shape w indows.
Printed for:
Chapte r 20
509
WIndo w S c hedu le
",m.
A
QUil ~.
,
,
,
", ,
T:Jpe
Rough
Opell l~9
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Ca eemEint
~ ' ~I
"''''
3 ''-2 -1 14 ' x
5 1ze
4 '~'3 -1 /4
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l40pper
'"
'"'
!ON!>
'"
i"T)(ed
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Ca e.". ,t ,,''-> -112 ' X 8 '~-l n ' ,,''-l - ,,/8 ' X 8-'~I"
x 3 '-!> "1 /4 2'- 2 ' x 3 '-1- 3/""
'"
Re:rnil rM
Prim"""", eer ...,e.
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g lau
g l ~OD
lMula tl~9
g laoe
Pr lm sd, e c re9l'lt .
Figure 20-45. This typical window sched ule layout includes all of the necessary information.
Printed for:
Chapter 20
Review
Summary
,c
Chapter Activities
Go to tlte compallioll website to complete
tlte Chapter Activities.
.
www.g-wlearning.comJarchilectureJ
Review Questions
Write your answers 011 a separate sheet of paper. Do
write ill this book.
Iwt
Suggested Activities
Internet Resources
Andersen Windows and Doors
Manufacturer of windows and doors
P510
rinted for:
Chapter 20
Printed for:
511
Certification Prep
TIle fol/owillg questions are presellted ill tile style
llsed ill tile Americml Oesigll Oraftillg Association
(ADDA) Drafter Certification Test. Write your
allswers 011 a separate slleet of paper.
1. Which of the following statements are true
about doors and wind ows?
A. A Dutch door is composed of two
parts-an upper and lower section.
B. Picture w indows are fixed -glass units
and are usually ra ther small.
C. An awn ing wi ndow has s.1shes that
are hinged at the top and swing out at
an angle.
O. Muntins are large vertica l and
horizontal bars that separa te the total
g lass area into s maller units.
E. The basic unit size represents the
overall dimensions of the window unit.
2. Match each type of door w ith its description.
Doors: 1. French d oor, 2. Double-action
door, 3. Panel door, 4. Bifold door,
5. Flush door
A. Smooth on both sides.
B. Has cross members called stiles and
rails.
C. Made of two parts h inged together.
O. A panel door in which all of the panels
are glass.
E. A door that can s wing through an arc
o f 180".
3. Ma tch each type of window with its
description.
Windows: 1. Double-hung, 2. Casement,
3. Hopper, 4. Jalousie,S. Clerestory
A. Has sashes hinged at the side that
swi ng outward.
B. Hinged at the bottom and swings to
the inside of the house.
C. Has narrow, horizontal g lass slats held
in metal clips.
D. Placed high on a wall to admit light.
E. Has two sashes that slide up and
down in grooves.
512
Section 4
Printed for: