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c = 3.00 108 m s
Speed of light,
Universal gravitational
constant,
Acceleration due to gravity
at Earths surface,
R = 8.31 J (moliK)
e = 1.60 10 -19 C
G = 6.67 10 -11 m 3 kg is 2
g = 9.8 m s 2
Plancks constant,
Vacuum permittivity,
m0 = 4 p 10 -7 (Ti m) A
Vacuum permeability,
Magnetic constant, k = m0 4 p = 1 10 -7 (T i m) A
1 atm = 1.0 10 5 N m 2 = 1.0 10 5 Pa
1 atmosphere pressure,
UNIT
SYMBOLS
Factor
1012
meter,
kilogram,
second,
ampere,
kelvin,
PREFIXES
Prefix
Symbol
tera
T
m
kg
s
A
K
mole,
hertz,
newton,
pascal,
joule,
mol
Hz
N
Pa
J
watt,
coulomb,
volt,
ohm,
henry,
farad,
tesla,
degree Celsius,
electron volt,
W
C
V
W
H
F
T
C
eV
30
37
45
53
60
sin q
12
35
2 2
45
3 2
90
10 9
giga
106
mega
cosq
3 2
45
2 2
35
12
10 3
kilo
tan q
33
34
43
10 -2
centi
10 -3
milli
10 -6
micro
-9
nano
10 -12
pico
10
AP PHYSICS 2 EQUATIONS
MECHANICS
x = x 0 + a x t
x = x 0 + x 0 t +
1 2
at
2 x
x2 = x20 + 2ax ( x - x0 )
a =
F = Fnet
m
Ff m Fn
2
ac =
r
p = mv
Dp = F Dt
1
K = mv2
2
DE = W = F d = Fd cos q
P=
DE
Dt
q = q0 + w0 t +
1 2
at
2
a
d
E
F
f
h
I
K
k
L
m
P
p
r
T
t
U
v
W
x
a
m
q
t
w
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
acceleration
distance
energy
force
frequency
height
rotational inertia
kinetic energy
spring constant
angular momentum
length
mass
power
momentum
radius or separation
period
time
potential energy
speed
work done on a system
position
angular acceleration
coefficient of friction
angle
torque
angular speed
1 2
kx
2
w = w0 + at
Us =
DUg = mg Dy
xcm =
mi xi
mi
T =
t = t net
a=
I
t = r^ F = rF sin q
2p
1
=
w
f
m
Ts = 2 p
k
Tp = 2 p
L = Iw
DL = t Dt
K =
1 2
Iw
2
Fs = k x
Fg = G
g =
r2
Fg
m
UG = -
FE
q
E =
1 q
4 pe0 r 2
E =
DUE = qDV
1 q
4 pe0 r
V =
E =
DV
Dr
DV =
Q
C
C = ke0
UC =
I =
Gm1m2
r
A
d
Q
e0 A
E =
1
1
QDV = C ( DV )2
2
2
DQ
Dt
r
R=
A
I =
DV
R
Rs =
A
B
C
d
E
=
=
=
=
=
e=
F =
I =
=
P =
Q =
q =
R =
r =
t =
U =
V =
v =
r=
q =
F=
area
magnetic field
capacitance
distance
electric field
emf
force
current
length
power
charge
point charge
resistance
separation
time
potential (stored)
energy
electric potential
speed
resistivity
angle
flux
FM = qv B
FM = qv sin q B
P = I DV
Ri
i
1
=
Rp
R1i
Cp =
Ci
1
=
Cs
C1i
i
g
m1m2
1 q1q2
4 pe0 r 2
FE =
m I
B= 0
2p r
FM = I B
FM = I sin q B
F B = Bi A
FB = B cos q A
B
e = - DF
Dt
e=B
AP PHYSICS 2 EQUATIONS
FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMAL PHYSICS
r=
m
V
P=
F
A
A
F
h
k
K
L
m
n
N
P
Q
P = P0 + rgh
Fb = rVg
A1v1 = A2 v2
P1 + rgy1 +
1
rv 2
2 1
= P2 + rgy2 +
kA DT
Q
=
Dt
L
PV = nRT = NkBT
K =
1
rv 2
2 2
= area
= force
= depth
= thermal conductivity
= kinetic energy
= thickness
= mass
= number of moles
= number of molecules
= pressure
= energy transferred to a
system by heating
T = temperature
t = time
U = internal energy
V = volume
v = speed
W = work done on a system
y = height
r = density
3
k T
2 B
MODERN PHYSICS
h
l=
p
E = mc
v
f
n=
n 1 sin q1 = n 2 sin q2
1
1
1
+
=
si so
f
M =
hi
s
= i
ho
so
DL = m l
d sin q = m l
E=
f =
K=
m=
p =
l=
f=
energy
frequency
kinetic energy
mass
momentum
wavelength
work function
d = separation
f = frequency or
focal length
h = height
L = distance
M = magnification
m = an integer
n = index of
refraction
s = distance
v = speed
l = wavelength
q = angle
Rectangle
A = bh
Circle
DU = Q + W
K max = hf - f
l=
Triangle
1
A = bh
2
W = - P DV
E = hf
A = pr 2
C = 2 pr
Rectangular solid
V = wh
Cylinder
V = pr 2
S = 2 pr + 2 pr 2
Sphere
V =
A=
C=
V=
S =
b =
h =
=
w=
r =
area
circumference
volume
surface area
base
height
length
width
radius
Right triangle
c 2 = a 2 + b2
a
sin q =
c
b
cos q =
c
a
tan q =
b
4 3
pr
3
S = 4 pr 2
a
90
q
b