Alex Harutunian

Atomic Theory Lectures

Atomic Theory Lecture 1

c =

C = speed of light (3.0 * 108 m/s)

= frequency (1/s or Hz) Frequency = # of waves passed in each
second
= wavelength (nm)

Wave/Particle, Photons, Quantized, E=mc2

Wavelength Conversions

1 m = 109 nm

Photon Energy
The energy associated with a photon can be given by the equation: E = h

E = energy (J)
h = Planck's constant (6.63 * 10-34 J*s)
= frequency (1/s or Hz) Frequency = # of waves passed in each
second

Alex Harutunian

Spectral Studies

Studies of light spectra showed that emission of light is quantized.

Where is light coming from?
Electrons go from a high energy level to a low energy level, energy is
conserved, difference in energy is given off as light.
Therefore, energy levels that an electron can occupy must be
quantized as well

Bohr Model

Alex Harutunian

Bohr:

Emission Spectra are "quantized"

Specific wavelengths---> Specific frequencies---> specific energy
Energy levels themselves are "quantized"
Fixed distances from the nucleus that (e-) can occupy

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

You can know the position and you can know the speed of an (e-) but you
can't know both at the same time. They vary inversely
To quantify the concept of energy levels for Bohr, he determined that the
energy of an electron at each principal energy level corresponds to:
Z2
En = -2.178*10-18J ( n2 )
n= energy level (1-7); Z = atomic #
Electromagnetic Spectrum
1
1

E = -2.178* 10-18 ( n2 final n 2 initial

Atomic Theory Lecture 2
Electron Configurations

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Periodic Trends
Shielding

Protons in the nucleus exert an attractive force on the electrons

If other electrons are "in the way" this has the effect of shielding the
outer/valance electrons from the attractive force
As you go down the periodic table, you have more shielding

Effective Nuclear Charge

Protons in the nucleus exert an attractive force on the electrons

More protons = more force
If atoms are isoelectronic, more protons = more pull
As you go left to right, you have more effective nuclear charge

First Ionization Energy

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The energy required to remove 1 electron

affected by enc and shielding

Atomic radius
affected by enc and shielding

Ionic Radius

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More electron-electron repulsion = more radius

Electron affinity

Electronegativity- low shielding and high enc

Alex Harutunian