Younes

Sina

Chapter 8

Rotational Kinematics

In Chapter 2, thekinematics of straight line

motionwas studied where the variables werex, v,
a,andt.
In this chapter, thekinematics of rotationwill be
studied where the variables are,,,andt.

: Angular Displacement

: Angular Velocity
= /t;
[rd/s]

A car tire is turning at a rate of5.0 rd/s as the car

travels on a straight
road. The driver accelerates the car uniformly for
6.0 seconds.
As a result, the angular speed of each tire
increases to 8.0 rd/s.
Find the angular acceleration of each tireduring
this
period.
Solution:

= /t
= (f-i)/t
=(8.0 rd/s-5.0 rd/s)/6.0s
=0.50 rd/s2

Similarity between thelinearmotionand

theangularmotionformulas
Linear Motion (Chapter 2)

Relations

Variables: x, t, v, and a
v = x/t

x = R

a = v/t ; a = ( vf - vi ) / t
x = (1/2) a t2 + vi t
vf2 - vi2 = 2ax

v = R
a = R
or
at = R*

Angular Motion (Chapter 8)

Variables: , t, , and
= / t

= / t ; = ( f - i ) / t
= (1/2) t2 + i t
f2 - i2 = 2

(*) Note that linear acceleration (a) is the same quantity as tangential
acceleration (at)

Displacement
s = R

Velocity
v = R

Acceleration

at = R (tangentialacceleration)

Problem: What is the linear speed of a person

who lives on
(a) the equator
(b) the North Pole
(c) between the equator and the North Pole

DEarth=12,742km

v = R

T= 24 hr= (24).
(3600)s= 86400s

f=1/T

=2f=2/T=6.28/T
v = R
DEarth=12,742km

:As a car starts accelerating (from rest) along a straight road at

each of its tires gains an angular acceleration of 6.86 rd/s2. Calc
dius of its tires
gular speed ofeveryparticle of the tires att =3.0s
gleeveryparticle of its tires sweeps during this 3.0-second peri

Solution:
(a) at= R
R = at/
R =[2.4 m/s2]/[6.86 rd/s2]
R= 0.35m =14 in
(b)= (f- i)/t
t = f- i
f= i+t
f=0 +(6.86rd/s2)(3.0s) =21 rd/s
(c) =(1/2)t2+ it
=(1/2)( 6.86 rd/s2)(3.0s)2+(0) (3.0s)
=31 rd

Example :The canister of a juicer has 333 grams of pulp

distributed over its inside wall at an average radius of
8.00cm. It starts from rest and reaches its maximum
angular speed of 3600 rpm in 4.00 seconds. For the pulp,
determine
(a) the angular acceleration
(b) the angle (radians) it sweeps during this period
(c) the tangential acceleration
(d) the linear velocity att =2.00s and t =4.00s
(e) the centripetal acceleration att =2.00s andt =4.00s
(f) the tangential and centripetalforceon it att =2.00s
andt =4.00s.

 =3600 rev/min = 3600 (6.28 rd/60s) =377 rd/s

(a)=(f- i)/t
=(377- 0)/4.00s=94.3 rd/s2
(b) =(1/2)t2 + it
=(1/2)(94.3 rd/s2)(4.00s)2+ 0=754 rd
(c)at=R
at=(0.0800m)(94.3 rd/s2)=7.54 m/s2
(d) At t =2.00s:
=(f- i)/t;t = f- i; f= i+t; (f)1=0
+(94.3rd/s2)(2.0s) =189 rd/s
Att = 4.00s:
(f)2 =0 +(94.3rd/s2)(4.0s) =377 rd/s
(d)v1= R(f)1;v1=(0.0800m) (189 rd/s)= 15.1 m/s
v2= R(f)2;v2=(0.0800m) (377 rd/s)= 30.2 m/s
(e)(ac)1=v12/R; (ac)1=(15.1 m/s)2/0.0800m =2850 m/s2
(ac)2= v22/R; (ac)2=(30.2 m/s)2/0.0800m =11400 m/s2
(f)Ft= Mat
(Ft)1=(0.333 kg )(7.54 m/s2) =2.51 N
(Ft)2=2.51 N (Constant tangential force):
Fc= Mac
(Fc)1=(0.333 kg )( 2850 m/s2) =949 N
(Fc)2=(0.333 kg )( 11400 m/s2) =3800 N (Variable centripetal force)

Homework :
problems 1 through 5