Aurora Vargas

1-16-15
1st period
Muscle System Lab Report
1

The muscle structure is made up of three types of muscles: cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and smooth
muscle.
A skeletal muscle contains many long fibres arranged in bundles called fascicles. Each fibre
consists of smaller strands, called myofibrils. These contain yet smaller parts called myofilaments. A
muscle contracts when sets of these myofilaments slide past each other in response to nerve signals.
The
cardiac muscle
contracts tirelessly throughout life to pump blood from the heart to the lungs and around
the body. It is made up of a network of branching muscle fibres.
skeletal muscle are attached to bones
by tendons, so we are able to move our body parts to move around. the smooth muscle is found in the
walls of the internal organs.
Proteomic and metabolic analysis show abnormal oxidative metabolism in
PAH skeletal muscle. PAH means Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
EM of PAH patients reveals abnormal mitochondrial structure and distribution. Abnormal
mitochondrial health and function contribute to exercise impairments of PAH. PAH may be
considered a vascular affliction of heart and lungs with major impact on peripheral muscles. (
J
Mol Med (Berl).
2014 Dec 30. [Epub ahead of print]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25548805?report=abstrac
t)
Historically, the term
tendonitis has been used to describe overuse tendon injuries. However, analysis of supposedly
inflamed tendons reveals an absence of inflammatory cells and chemicals, and the term
tendinopathy is now used to describe pathological changes associated with Achilles tendon
injury (13). Within the umbrella of tendinopathy, the majority of runners suffering Achilles pain
will exhibit pathological changes referred to as tendinosis.
(
http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/achilles-tendon-muscle-structure-and-injury-rehabilitation-40
869
)

Aurora Vargas
1-16-15
1st period
Muscle System Lab Report
2

figure 1: a skeletal muscle is composed of variety of tissues, including layers of connective tissue.

muscle contraction paragraph:

muscle contraction is when a muscle fiber generates tension when properly stimulated, for instance by
the nervous system or by the electrical impulses. when the muscle is under tension the muscle may
shorten or lengthen. there are three types of muscular contractions, first tension develops in a muscle
then goes to either isotonic contraction or isometric contraction. which isotonic contraction is when the
tension is produced in the muscles while there is a change in the muscle length. next it goes to either
concentric contraction which tension develops while muscle shortens and causes joint movement or it
goes to eccentric contraction which tension develops while muscle lengthens and controls movement. in
isometric contraction the tension develops in muscle but there is no change in the muscle length then
goes to isometric contraction which stops joint movement.

figure 2: relaxed. and figure 3 fully contracting. when a skeletal muscle contracts, individual
sarcomeres shorten as thick and thin and thin filaments slide past one another.

Aurora Vargas
1-16-15
1st period
Muscle System Lab Report
3

figure 4 and figure 5: transmission electron micrograph showing a sarcomere shortening during muscle
contraction.

Myofiber Length
2-4 length of
myofibers before
ATP solution

length of
myofibers after
ATP solution

Initial contracted
degree of
contraction

% contraction

Trial 1

15mm

10mm

5mm

33%

Trial 2

15mm

12mm

3mm

20%

Trail 3

22mm

15mm

7mm

32%

Trail 4

18mm

11mm

7mm

39%

Trail 5

13mm

8mm

5mm

33%

Aurora Vargas
1-16-15
1st period
Muscle System Lab Report
4

Myofiber Diameter
diameter before
ATP

diameter after
ATP

degree of
diameter change

% diameter
change

trial 1

7mm

14mm

-7

-100%

trial 2

3mm

7mm

-4

-133%

trial 3

4mm

6mm

-2

-.005%

(negative means it got bigger.)

average % change

-78%

DATA
Table 1

Continuous Grip
Time interval

Maximum force (N)

Maximum force (N)

10 s

99.4N

20

30 s

119.1N

-19.7N

40

50 s

77.8N

41.3N

60

70 s

55.1N

22.7N

80

90 s

132.8N

-55.1

Table 2

Repetitive Grip

Maximum force (N)

Time interval

Maximum force (N)

10 s

186.7N

20

30 s

148.3N

38.4N

40

50 s

243.2N

-94.9N

60

70 s

274.0N

-30.8N

80

90 s

240.8N

33.2N

Characteristics of Skeletal muscle Fiber Types

Aurora Vargas
1-16-15
1st period
Muscle System Lab Report
5

slow oxidative

fast
oxidative-glycolytic

fast glycolytic

Fiber Diameter

smallest

intermediate

largest

Force

lowest

intermediate

greatest

Myosin ATPase

fastest

faster

slowest

Contraction Velocity

slow

faster

fastest

Methods of ATP
Generation

respiration

glycolysis

glycolysis

Glycogen stores

high

intermediate

low

Capillaries

many

few

few

Myogloblin Content

high

intermediate

low

Color

red brown

red-pink

white