JaimeDominguez

SkeletalMuscleLabReport

LabReport
Whenaneuronstimulatesamusclecell,anactionpotentialsweepsovertheplasma
membraneofthemusclecell.Theactionpotentialreleaseseternalstorescalciumthatflow
throughthemusclecellandtriggeracontraction.Musclecellswaveanelaboratearchitecture
thatallowstodistributecalciumionsquicklythroughoutthecytosol.Thetubularinvaginations
oftheplasmamembrane,calledtubulecrisscrossthecell.Whenthecellisstimulatedaway
ofdepolarizationthatisanactionpotentialspreadsfromtheovertheplasmamembraneand
viathetubulesdeepintothecell.
Myosiniscomposedofthickfilaments.Endomysiumisaconnectivetissuethatsurroundsan
individualmusclecell.AsarcomereistheareabetweentwoZlines.Membranesinthe
skeletalmusclecellsthatfunctionincalciumstorageisthesarcoplasmicreticulum.Striations
ofaskeletalmusclecellareproduced,forthemostpart,bythecockedpositionsofthe
headsofthethickfilaments.Themechanicalforceofcontractionisgeneratedbyaslidingof
thinfilamentspastthickones.Afternervousstimulationofthemusclecellhasceased,the
calciumisactivelypumpedintotheextracellularfluidforstorageuntilthenextcontraction.
Themajorfunctionofthesarcoplasmicreticuluminmusclecontractionistoregulate
intracellularcalciumconcentration.Inmusclecontraction,calciumapparentlyactstoexpose
myosinbindingsitesontheactin.Duringmusclecontraction,myosincrossbridgesattachto
activesitesofactinfilaments.
PedroGutierrezRachelBarnes

(MuscleofRabbitBeforeATPx100Zoom)(MuscleofRabbitAfterATPx100
zoom)

Inthemusclelabthereweremanyvariationslike,thecylindricalstrandsthataremyofibrils
thatweredividedintosegmentscalledsarcomeres.Onceitcontractedthethickandthin
filamentsslidewithrespecttooneanother,usingtheATPasasourceofenergy.Asaresult
oftheslidingthediscswerebeingpulledtogetherandthecontractionofthewholemuscle
fiberresultsfromthesimultaneouscontractionofallitssarcomeres.Thisclassusingthose
variationsandthechangeinlengthtocometoaconclusionforapercentagenumbertohave
anideaofwhathappenedtotherabbitmusclebeforeandaftertheATPsolutionwasapplied.

JaimeDominguez
SkeletalMuscleLabReport

Thedifferenceinthelengthandthecontractionorconstrictionofthemuscleduringthis
process.

Lengthof
myofiberbefore
ATP

Lengthof
myofiberafter
ATP

initiallength

Changein
length

trial1

17

13

5mm

29.4%

trial2

15

12

3mm

20%

trial3

22

15

7mm

31.8%

trial4

18

11

7mm

38.8%

trail5

13

5mm

38.46%

BeforeATP

AfterATP

InitialFinal

%Change

Trail1

15

16

2mm

6.6%

Trail2

12

20

8mm

33.3%

Trial3

4mm

66.6%

Trail4

11

6mm

100%

Trail5

11

5mm

83.3%

CharacteristicsofSkeletalMuscleFiberTypes
FiberDiameter

smallest

intermediate

largest

Force

lowest

intermediate

lowest

Myosin

slowest

slowest

fastest

ContractionVelocity

slow

slow

fast

MethodsofATP
generation

aerobicrespiration

aerobicrespiration

glycolysis

Glycogenstores

low

intermediate

high

Capillaries

many

many

few

Myoglobincontent

high

low

high

JaimeDominguez
SkeletalMuscleLabReport

Color

redbrown

redpink

white

(pg301)
ATPbindstoamyosinheadandformsADP.WhenATPbindstoamyosin,itisconverted
andattachedtothemyosin.Whenattachedsitesontheactinareexposed,themyosinbindto
actintoformcrossbridges.ADPisreleased,andaslidingmotionofactinresults.The
attachmentofcrossbridgesbetweenmyosinandactincausesthereleaseofADP.This,in
turn,causesachangeintheshapeoftheofthemyosin,whichgeneratesaslidingmovement
oftheactintowardthecenterofthesacromere.ATPcausescausesthecrossbridgesto
unbind.WhenanewATPmoleculeattachestothemyosin,thecrossbridgebetweenthe
actinandmyosinbreaks,returningthemyosintoitsunattachedposition.

Longdistancerunnersandsprintrunnersaretwocompletelydifferentpeoplewhenitcomes
tomusclesinthelegs.Onthesprinterside,
Strongthighsandcalveshelpthesprinterburst
fromthestartingline.Sprintsalsohavestrongupperbodies.Thetworunnersdifferinspeed
andbodytype.

Distancerunnersalsohavelonglegsthatallowforabiggerstride.Theycover
moregroundwithfewersteps.Sprinterstypicallyaresmallerthandistancerunners.Shorter
legsarebeneficialforquicklybuildingspeed.

JaimeDominguez
SkeletalMuscleLabReport

Whatisthedifferencebetweenamaleandafemalegripstrength?
Thedifferencebetweenafemalesgripstrengthandmalesgripstrengthisahugedifference.

http://www.livestrong.com/article/550102thephysicaldifferencebetweenlongdistancerunn
erssprinters/

http://www.researchgate.net/publication/11199689_Grip_strength_effect_of_hand_dominance

http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/4/409.short