Order of seriousness

Type of defects by IIW

Crack
Lack of fusion
Incomplete penetration
Undercut
Slag inclusion
Gas porosity

Workmanship defects
Lack of fusion
Lack of penetration
Solid inclusions
Porosity
Shape defects
Technological defects
Lamellar tearing structural & pressure vessel steels
Hydrogen induced cracking ferritic steel only
Hot cracking all alloys

Dilution
When 2 metals are fusion welded, their final composition
consists of a mixture of parent metal / welding electrode.
Wt of parent metal in weld
% dilution =
x 100
Total wt of weld
x+y
x p y
=
x+p+y
40% dilution means: plate contributes 40%, weld
electrode 60%

Pick-up
An addition of alloying element in weld deposit by
melting some of the base metal.