2a) The pyramid for Zambia is truly pyramid shaped, which tells us

that the country is underdeveloped, especially compared to Japan

which is much more straight up, and is in fact slightly larger on the top.
Japan has many people in its elderly class, which can mean that the
working class will struggle to support the elderly, which significantly
affects the dependency ratio despite the low numbers of children. For
Zambia, there is evidence of a high death rate in all stages of life
because of the large gaps in population between each age range,
particularly the gap between 0-4 and 5-9 year olds, which shows many
children die shortly after birth. Both pyramids showing total numbers of
population and percentages of population effectively show the age
ranges that contain the bulk of the population, because in both
situations the largest cohorts are comparatively the largest. It makes it
slightly more difficult to compare two different pyramids because
though you know where the bulk of the population is for both
countries, you cant compare the relative sizes of cohorts.

1.

1. Because South Africa is only recently becoming developed, there

are still very high levels of children that drop off quickly because
of higher death rates.
2. India has a relatively low older adult population compared to
child population, but there is not a significant gap to indicate this
is due to high death rates, it seems as if its just due to Indias
rapidly growing population.
3. The United States has a high population (approximately the
highest of all age groups) of adults age 50-60 right now because
of the members of the baby boom generation.
4. Germany has a rather stable, straight up and down pyramid
which suggests little population growth. This is supported by the
2050 graph which shows a fairly similar-sized population.
5. In 2050, both India and South Africa have very little people in the
95-99 and 100+ cohorts, which suggests that though these
countries are becoming more developed, this is a recent
progression and the countries are still growing. The other
countries that have been developed for a longer period of time
have much more people in those categories.
6. In 2050 the gaps that represent high death rates in South Africa
will be almost nonexistent, and there is evidence of rapid growth
by the unusual shape of the pyramid.
7. The graph of China is 2050 suggests that the children of todays
one child policy will continue having small amounts of children,
because of the smaller ratio of the population of kids in China to
adults.
8. In todays graph for China there are more boy children than girls,
which is due to the male preference in China. In 2050, the boy to
girl ratio becomes much closer to 1.
9. India clearly has a male preference which it seems will not even
out by 2050 as there are more males than females in almost all
age cohorts (other than the elderly, due to the tendency of
woman to live longer).
10.
Compared to the number of children in South Africa, today
there are very little adults in South Africa. The graphs suggest
that by 2050 there will be many more adults living in S. Africa,
which could be due to better living conditions/medical
advancements which increase life expectancy from one of an
underdeveloped country to one of a developed country.
3. Indias population is growing rapidly because of issues regarding
woman and high rates of childbirth and mortality. Because of the
religious beliefs in India, many women are unable to use
contraceptives. This may not be a choice they make, but rather one
made by their husbands as woman have little power/status in India.
The husband and his family are able to dictate how many children the

woman has, and boys are preferred over girls, which could mean a
woman is forced to continue having children until she has a sufficient
amount of boys that the family is confident at least one will survive.
There are very high child mortality rates in India because of the lack of
decent medical care in many rural areas. This means woman have
more children than necessary because there is a high possibility not
many of them will survive until adulthood. Because of the huge
population of children being born today, in 2050 it appears that these
children (more of which are surviving because of the development of
India) will be part of the working class and will have the ability to
support the smaller number of dependents. However, these adults are
not having as many children of their own, and when they become
elderly their children will have a hard time supporting them. This
implies that India may need to consider some type of Social Security
benefit programs to be able to support this high number of dependent
elderly people in about 50 years.
1. 7.2 billion
2. Largest Populations:
a. China
b. India
c. United States
d. Indonesia
e. Brazil
f. Pakistan
g. Nigeria
h. Bangladesh
i. Russia
j. Japan
3. Fertility Rates, Rate of Natural Increase, Net Migration Rate,
Infant Mortality Rate
4. Lesotho has highest CDR (21). Qatar, United Arab Emirates have
the lowest (1).
5. Highest infant Mortality Rate: Central African Republic (116)
Lowest: China, Hong Kong (1.6)
6. Highest TFR: Niger (7.6) Lowest TFR: China, Hong Kong and
Andorra (1.1)
7. Highest proportion under 15: Chad (49) Highest proportion over
65: Japan (26)
8. Highest life expectancy: China, Hong Kong and San Marino (84)
Lowest: Lesotho (44)
9. Africa: Gabon (86%) Asia: Bahrain, Qatar, Singapore, China, Hong
Kong, China, Macao (100%) Latin America: Puerto Rico (99%)
Oceania: Nauru (100%) Europe: Monaco, Malta (100%)
10.
Wealthiest: Qatar. 2nd wealthiest: China, Macao

11.
Fastest Natural increase: Middle Africa (3.0) Slowest:
Europe (0)
12.
Fastest natural increase: Niger (3.9) Slowest: Bulgaria, San
Marino (-.5)
13.
Projected population 2030, 2050,
14.
Largest Populations 2030:
a. India
b. China
c. United States
d. Indonesia
e. Nigeria
f. Pakistan
g. Brazil
h. Bangladesh
i. Russia
j. Mexico
Largest Populations 2050:
a. India
b. China
c. Nigeria
d. United States
e. Indonesia
f. Pakistan
g. Brazil
h. Bangladesh
i. Congo, Dem. Rep.
j. Ethiopia
Mexico, Russia, drop out of top 10. Ethiopia and Congo add.
Japan is in neither of the projections, Nigeria is pretty low
right now but expected to pass U.S. by 2050.
15.
1. Asia
2. Africa
3. Americas
4. Europe
5. Oceania