%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

#$-! -OBILE 3YSTEM 4ESTBED AND &IELD 4EST

$ONGSEUNG +WON 9OUNGKWON (AHM )NMYOUNG *EONG AND $UCKBIN )M

#/.4%.43

!"342!#4

)

).42/$5#4)/.

))

#-3 4%34"%$ !.$ 4%34

%.6)2/.-%.43

4HIS PAPER BRIEaY EXPLAINS THE CON`GURA

TION OF #$-! -OBILE 3YSTEM #-3 TEST
BED 4HE MEASURED FADING AND DELAY RESULTS
OF #$-! SIGNAL IN 4AEJON AREA ARE SHOWN
)N COMPARISON TO OTHER CELLULAR SYSTEMS THERE
ARE MORE PARAMETERS IN THE #$-! SYSTEMS
THAT A_ECT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND CAPAC
ITY 7E PERFORMED THE OPTIMIZATION TEST OF
THE SELECTED PARAMETERS AND PRESENT THE EF
FECT OF EACH PARAMETER ON THE PERFORMANCE
4HIS PAPER PRESENTS THE CAPACITY AND PERFOR
MANCE TEST RESULTS OF #-3 4HE CAPACITY TEST
WAS PERFORMED ON %42) SITE OF THREE SECTORS
IN 4AEJON AREA 4HE PERFORMANCE TESTS INCLUDE
CALL COMPLETION RATE BUSY HOUR CALL ATTEMPT
AND THE DELAY CHARACTERISTICS OF VOICE

))) #$-! 0!2!-%4%2 /04)-):!4)/.

)6 #!0!#)49 !.$ 0%2&/2-!.#%
4%34
6

#-3 &%!452%3 !.$ $%3)'.

#/.3)$%2!4)/.

6) #/.#,53)/.
!00%.$)8 #-3 ./-).!,
0!2!-%4%2
2%&%2%.#%3



$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

) ).42/$5#4)/.
4HIS PAPER DEALS WITH THE FOLLOWING FOUR
SUBJECTS THE #$-! SIGNAL PROPAGATION
CHARACTERISTICS THE SYSTEM PARAMETER OP
TIMIZATION FOR THE POWER CONTROL AND LINK
BUDGET UNDER VARIOUS MOBILE ENVIRONMENTS
THE CAPACITY AND PERFORMANCE TEST RESULTS OF
THE #$-! -OBILE 3YSTEM #-3  AND THE
#-3 SYSTEM DESIGN ISSUES
4HE CON`GURATION AND MEASUREMENT SYS
TEM FOR THE #-3 TESTBED WHICH HAS BEEN DE
SIGNED AND IMPLEMENTED TO VERIFY AND EVAL
UATE THE FUNCTIONALITY AND THE PERFORMANCE
OF THE #-3 IS DESCRIBED IN SECTION )) 4HE
2& SIGNAL PROPAGATION TESTS HAVE BEEN PER
FORMED IN THE  -(Z BAND WHICH #-3
USES 4HE FADING AND DELAY CHARACTERISTICS
HAVE BEEN MEASURED AND ANALYZED 4HESE
RESULTS ALSO ARE DISCUSSED IN SECTION ))
4HE #$-! SYSTEM REQUIRES THE POWER
CONTROL TO MAXIMIZE THE CHANNEL CAPACITY BY
REDUCING THE RECEIVED %B .O REQUIRED FOR 
 FRAME ERROR RATE &%2 OF TRAbC CHANNEL
4HE POWER CONTROL INVOLVES MANY #$-!
SPECI`C PARAMETERS 7E NEED TO ANALYZE
THE E_ECTS OF THE #$-! PARAMETERS ON THE
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE COMMUNICATION QUAL
ITY AND THE CAPACITY 3ECTION ))) DISCUSSES
THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR THE PARAMETER
OPTIMIZATION

3INCE THE 2& CHANNEL IS SHARED BY USERS

IN THE #-3 THE CHANNEL CAPACITY PER BASE
STATION IS A FUNCTION OF THE DESIRED COMMU
NICATION QUALITY 4HE HIGHER THE COMMUNI
CATION QUALITY THE LESS IS THE CAPACITY )T IS

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

ALSO A FUNCTION OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND THE

SPEED OF MOBILE USERS 4HEREFORE THE #-3
CHANNEL CAPACITY MUST BE VERI`ED THROUGH
THE `ELD TEST 4HE `ELD TEST HAS BEEN PER
FORMED BY THE #-3 TESTBED WHICH IS DE
PLOYED IN 4AEJON AREA AND SECTION )6 DIS
CUSSES THE TEST CONDITION AND RESULTS
&INALLY UNIQUE FEATURES OF THE #-3 THAT
CAN BE BEST UTILIZED IN THE DESIGN OF A MOBILE
CELLULAR SYSTEM ARE DISCUSSED IN SECTION 6

)) #-3 4%34"%$ !.$ 4%34

%.6)2/.-%.43
 4ESTBED #ON`GURATION
%42) BUILT THE #-3 TESTBED WHICH IS
A COMPREHENSIVELY INSTRUMENTED `ELD TEST
LABORATORY TO ACHIEVE THE FOLLOWING OBJEC
TIVES 
 4O FACILITATE THE INTEGRATION OF THE SUB
SYSTEMS AND TO DEVELOP THE #$-!
FUNCTIONS AND THE GENERAL FEATURES OF
CELLULAR SYSTEM DURING THE `RST PHASE
 4O EVALUATE THE SYSTEM CAPACITY AND
PERFORMANCE DURING THE SECOND PHASE
 4O OPTIMIZE THE #$-! RADIO LINK PA
RAMETERS DURING THE THIRD AND CURRENT
PHASE
4HE TESTBED INCLUDES THE MINIMUM NET
WORK THAT CONSISTS OF HOME LOCATION CENTER
(#  MOBILE EXCHANGE -8  TWO BASE STA
TION CONTROL GROUPS "3#'S  THREE BASE
STATION TRANSCEIVER SUBSYSTEM "43S OF

$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 



-./
 %


6




6

.9

6

!6"




<G

.

6

8

&IG  4HE #-3 NETWORK CON`GURATION

`VE SECTORS IN THE 4AEJON AREA SEE &IG  

4HE MINIMUM NETWORK CON`GURATION MAKES
IT POSSIBLE TO TEST SUCH FEATURES AS THE SOFT
HANDO_ AMONG TWO OR THREE CELLS SOFTER
HANDO_ BETWEEN SECTORS AND SOFT AND HARD
HANDO_ BETWEEN "3#'S
4HE (# -8 TWO "3#'S AND ONE
"43 OF THREE SECTORS WERE INSTALLED AT THE
LABORATORY OF SYSTEM TEST PLANT 340 IN
%42) BUILDING  4HE TWO OMNIDIREC
TIONAL "43S ARE LOCATED AT /HJUNG AND
'ALMA AS SHOWN IN &IG  4HE "43S WERE
POSITIONED UNDER THE FOLLOWING GUIDELINES
&IRST THREE WAYS SOFT HANDO_ MUST BE HAP
PENED 3ECOND THE ENVIRONMENTS OF EACH
"43 INCLUDE A RURAL AREA A RESIDENTIAL AREA
AND A COMMERCIAL AREA 4HIRD ONE "43
CONSISTS OF THREE SECTORS TO HELP EVALUATE THE

MAXIMUM CAPACITY PER "43

 
 







   







&IG  4HE NETWORK TOPOLOGY OF #-3 TESTBED

4HE THREE SECTORED "43 LOCATED AT

%42) CAN BE CONSIDERED GEOGRAPHICALLY A
RURAL AREA 4HE TWO OMNIDIRECTIONAL "43S
LOCATED AT /HJUNG $ONG AND 'ALMA $ONG



$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

CAN BE CONSIDERED A COMMERCIAL REGION AND

A RESIDENTIAL AREA RESPECTIVELY

 -EASUREMENT 3YSTEMS
4HE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS CONSIST OF
TEST VAN MEASUREMENT SYSTEM OF "3 `ELD
STRENGTH MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND DELAY
MEASUREMENT SYSTEM 4HE `RST TWO SYSTEMS
ARE USED FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE OF
#-3 4HE REMAINING TWO SYSTEMS MEASURE
THE #$-! PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS
4EST 6AN
%42) DESIGNED A TEST VAN TO GATHER AND
RECORD THE RECEIVED DATA DURING THE CAPAC
ITY AND PERFORMANCE TEST OF THE "43 4HE
TEST VAN CONSISTS OF SIX -3S TWO MOBILE DI
AGNOSTIC MONITORS -$-  AND A '03 RE
CEIVER SEE &IG   4HE -$- HAS THE FUNC
TIONS OF GATHERING THE #$-! INFORMATION
FROM -3 )T ALSO RECORDS THE MOBILE LOCATION
AND SPEED USING '03 WITH DEAD RECOGNITION
FUNCTIONALITY
-EASUREMENTS 3YSTEM OF "ASE 3TATIONS
$URING THE CAPACITY TEST AND THE OPTI
MIZATION PROCESS THE TEST DATA ARE STORED
IN ANALYSIS DATA LOGGER !$, WHICH IS IN
STALLED AT "3# #$-! SYSTEM ANALYSIS TOOL
#3!4  THAT WAS DEVELOPED BY %42) IS
USED AS A DEDICATED ANALYSIS TOOL TO POST
PROCESS THE STORED DATA FROM -$- AND
!$, ;=
&IELD 3TRENGTH  $ELAY -EASUREMENTS 3YS
TEM
&IELD STRENGTH MEASUREMENT SYSTEM WAS
IMPLEMENTED TO MEASURE THE PATH LOSS AND

!"A,2&

!+",2&

&IG  4HE CON`GURATION OF TEST VAN

FADING CHARACTERISTICS 7E USE THE CURRENT

!-03 "43 AS TRANSMITTER
4HE DELAY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM HAS BEEN
DEVELOPED )T IS BASED ON SWEPT TIME DELAY
CROSS CORRELATION 34$## SOUNDING THAT
USES THE CORRELATION PROPERTY OF PSEUDO
RANDOM SEQUENCE ;= WHICH IS M SEQUENCE
WITH  LENGTH 4HE MEASURING RESOLU
TION FOR TIME DELAY IS  }S

 0ROPAGATION #HARACTERISTICS
7E MEASURED AND ANALYZED THE SIGNAL
STRENGTH AND DELAY CHARACTERISTICS AROUND
'ALMA AND %42) "43S 4HE RESULTS OF THE
MEASUREMENT ARE AS FOLLOWS

$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

, 2 N,*O

 *=,  7

- 2

3

&
&

- -
- 5

3

0 10
B
-

- 8
- 4
- ?
- 3
- 33
5

3
+/ (+
  *( (
B-#
3



3

35

-

2

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N*O

3

&
&

- 

- 

- 

- 2

- 

- 

- 3

3


 





&IG  4YPICAL LONG TERM FADING AROUND TEST STATIONS
&IG  .ORMALIZED LEVEL CROSSING RATE FOR #$-!
AND !-03 SIGNALS .2  LEVEL CROSSING RATE FM 
MAXIMUM DOPPLER FREQUENCY 2RMS  RMS VALUE OF
MEASURED SIGNALS 2 MEASURED SIGNAL ENVELOPE 

, 2 N,*O

- 5-



- 8

THE MEASURED AREAS WERE   INVERSE POWER

LAW 4HE STANDARD DEVIATION OF LONG TERM
FADING HAVING LOG NORMAL DISTRIBUTION WAS
ABOUT  D"

- 8- 4
- 4- ?
- ?-


3

3



N*O

&IG  4YPICAL SHORT TERM FADING CHARACTERISTICS

MEASURED IN 4AEJON AREA

0ATH ,OSS AND ,ONG 4ERM &ADING ;= ;=

7E MEASURED THE `ELD STRENGTH OF
#$-! AND !-03 SYSTEM &IGURE  SHOWS
THE TYPICAL MEASURED PATH LOSS AND LONG
TERM FADING AROUND THE TEST STATION #$-!
AND !-03 SIGNALS HAD THE SIMILAR CHARAC
TERISTICS OF THE PATH LOSS AND THE LONG TERM
FADING !S A WHOLE THE PATH LOSS SLOPES IN

3HORT 4ERM &ADING ;= ;=

&IGURE  SHOWS THE TYPICAL SHORT TERM
FADING CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SAME AREA 7E
CAN `ND THE RANGE OF FADING VARIATIONS OF
#$-! SIGNAL IS MUCH SMALLER THAN THAT OF
!-03 SIGNAL 4HIS RESULTS FROM FREQUENCY
DIVERSITY E_ECT OF THE WIDE BAND #$-!
SYSTEM )N ORDER TO OBTAIN THE QUANTITA
TIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHORT TERM FADING FOR
#$-! AND !-03 SIGNALS WE ANALYZE THE
LEVEL CROSSING RATE 4HE LEVEL CROSSING RATE
IS DE`NED AS THE EXPECTED RATE AT WHICH THE
ENVELOPE CROSSES A SPECI`ED SIGNAL LEVEL IN
THE POSITIVE DIRECTION &IG  SHOWS THE NOR
MALIZED LEVEL CROSSING RATES OF #$-! AND



$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

!-03 4HE RANGE OF SIGNAL VARIATION FOR

#$-! SIGNAL SHOWS ABOUT  D" AND THAT

4ABLE  $ELAY PARAMETERS IN TEST AREAS

FOR !-03 SIGNAL IS ABOUT  D" AT NORMAL

!VERAGE OF RMS
DELAY SPREAD
%42) (4 8   METERS
 }S
'!,-! (4 8   METERS
 }S

p

IZED LEVEL CROSSING RATE  

3IGNAL $ELAY 3PREAD ;= ;= ;= ;=

3ITE

4HE MEASUREMENTS WERE TAKEN IN THE

SURROUNDINGS OF TWO SITES 4RANSMITTER IS
LOCATED AT EACH BASE STATION SITE AND THE
HEIGHT OF TRANSMITTING ANTENNA (4 8 IS 

' '(( 0 C ' (

3

 METERS AND THE HEIGHT OF RECEIVING AN

TENNA IS  METERS ABOVE THE GROUND LEVEL
&IVE ROUTES WERE CHOSEN WITHIN  KM RA
DIUS PER SITE

3
=

4HE TEST SITES ARE AS FOL




LOWS  SITE ! IS %42) "43 AND SITE " IS

'ALMA "43 7E GATHERED  DELAY PRO
`LES FROM EACH COURSE 4HE MEASURING INTER

3


VAL FOR MEASURING EACH DELAY PRO`LE IS ABOUT

 SECOND  METERS  !MONG THESE PRO
`LES OF EACH COURSE  PRO`LES WERE CHOSEN
WHICH SHOWED THE VALUE OF SIGNAL TO NOISE


3

3








2


-


 0 $m%

RATIO 3.2 OVER  D" ACCORDING TO THE

RULES SUGGESTED BY 2APPAPORT ;= 4HRESH

&IG  #UMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF RMS DELAY SPREAD

OLD LEVEL IS BELOW  D" FROM THE LEVEL OF

THE DOMINANT PEAK SIGNAL
$ELAY SPREAD CHARACTERISTICS FOR TWO SITES
ARE GIVEN IN 4ABLE 

))) #$-! 0!2!-%4%2

/04)-):!4)/.

4HE DELAY SPREAD

IS STANDARD DEVIATION OF EACH DELAY PRO

4HE PERFORMANCE AND CAPACITY OF #-3

`LE AND THE AVERAGE OF THE DELAY SPREAD IS

ARE LIMITED BY THE INTERFERENCE 4HEREFORE

THE AVERAGE OF DELAY SPREADS OF ALL PRO`LES

#-3 ADOPTS THE POWER CONTROL ALGORITHM TO

&IGURE  SHOWS THE CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION

MINIMIZE INTERFERENCE TO MAXIMIZE THE CA

FUNCTIONS #$& OF DELAY SPREAD FOR EACH

PACITY AND TO MAINTAIN THE REQUIRED VOICE

SITE 4HE DELAY SPREAD FOR TWO SITES WERE

QUALITY )N #-3 THERE ARE MANY PARAM

LESS THAN  }S WITH PROBABILITY OF  

ETERS FOR POWER CONTROL TO SUPPRESS THE IN

TERFERENCE AND FOR LINK BUDGET )T IS NECES

$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

  
% 

62
   
=631>

; ".1
*




2
3

" *


.,  



27
3


*
 G(

  
% 

2
3


*
 G(

7"

62

  
% 



*


&IG  4EST CON`GURATION FOR LINK BALANCE

 4EST #ONDITIONS AND %NVIRONMENTS

4ABLE  4HE OPERATING CONDITION OF MOBILE RADIO
CHANNEL SIMULATOR

&REQUENCY .UMBER
3PEED
.UMBER OF 0ATHS
0ATH  0OWER
2ELATIVE TO 0ATH 
0ATH  0OWER
2ELATIVE TO 0ATH 
$ELAY FROM PATH 
TO INPUT
$ELAY FROM PATH 
TO INPUT
$ELAY FROM PATH 
TO INPUT

#ASE 

 KMH


#ASE 

 KMH


 D"

 D"

.!

p D"

 SEC

 SEC

.!

 MS

.!

 MS

)N ORDER TO OBTAIN THE REPRODUCIBLE RE

SULTS WE CHOSE THE MOBILE RADIO CHANNEL
SIMULATOR INSTEAD OF THE REAL `ELD 7E
CHOSE THE FOLLOWING 2AYLEIGH FADING CHAN
NEL WHICH IS SHOWN IN 4ABLE  4HEY ARE
RECOMMENDED IN )3  ;= AND )3  ;=
)N THE OPTIMIZATION PROCESS WE CHOSE
THE CON`DENCE INTERVAL  MINUTES IN OR
DER TO GUARANTEE THE TEST DATA AND MAINTAIN
&%2 BELOW   WITH   CON`DENCE 7E
MEASURED THE DATA FORWARDREVERSE &%2
ALLOCATED FORWARD TRAbC GAIN CELL RECEIVED
%B .O  AND %B .O SETPOINT ETC  TIMES
USING -$- AND !$, AND ANALYZED THEM
STATISTICALLY TO PRODUCE THE `NAL RESULTS

SARY TO ANALYZE EACH PARAMETERS SENSITIVITY

AGAINST THE FADING AND DELAY AS A FUNCTION
OF THE MOBILE SPEED AND THE RADIO ENVIRON
MENT 7E HAVE OBTAINED THE OPTIMUM PA
RAMETER VALUES IN THE TEST

 ,INK "ALANCE BETWEEN &ORWARD AND 2E

VERSE ,INKS
4HE LINK BALANCE BETWEEN FORWARD AND
REVERSE LINKS IS TO MAKE THE SAME COVERAGE



$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

UNDER UNIFORM LOADING CONDITION AND MOBILE

RADIO ENVIRONMENT ;= 4HE TEST CON`GURA
TION IS SHOWN IN &IG  4HE FORWARD COV
ERAGE IS DETERMINED BY THE ALLOCATED POWER
OF PILOT CHANNEL AND THE REVERSE ONE BY THE
AVERAGE %B.O SETPOINT 4HEREFORE WE IN
CREASE OR DECREASE THE PILOT GAIN AND THE
MAXIMUM %B .O SETPOINT 0MAX BY  D"
STEP SIZE 4HE PILOT GAIN IS   NOM
INAL  AND  4HE 0MAX IS  D" NOM
INAL   D"  D" AND  D" $URING THE
TEST THE OTHER PARAMETERS EXCEPT THEM ARE
SET AS THE NOMINAL VALUES AS SHOWN IN !P
PENDIX 7E CON`GURED THE CHANNEL SIMULA
TOR AS BOTH CASES ON 4ABLE  7E ASSUMED
THE NUMBER OF ACTIVE USERS AS  4HE PATH
LOSS BETWEEN -3 AND "43 IS  D" 4HE
BASIC CRITERION IS NOT ONLY TO MAINTAIN &%2
OF ALL RATE BELOW   BUT ALSO TO KEEP THE
MOBILE STATION RECEIVED PILOT %C )O ABOVE
p D"
4HE OPTIMIZATION TEST RESULTS ARE SHOWN
IN 4ABLE  &IRST WE FOUND THAT THE VARI
ATION OF PILOT POWER DOES NOT A_ECT THE
&%2 AND %B .O SETPOINT OF REVERSE LINK
AND THE CHANGE OF 0MAX ALSO DO NOT A_ECT
THE &%2 AND TRAbC GAIN OF FORWARD LINK
4ABLE A DEMONSTRATES THAT THE FORWARD
&%2 IS ALMOST SAME REGARDLESS OF THE VARI
ATION OF PILOT GAIN AND THE REVERSE &%2 IS
NEARLY SAME EXCEPT 0MAX  D" 4HE MINI
MUM TRAbC GAIN OVER THE VARIATION OF PILOT
GAIN IS OBTAINED WHEN THE PILOT GAIN IS 
4HESE GAIN RESULTS IN THE MINIMUM MOBILE
RECEIVED %C )O  ABOUT p D" SEE 4ABLE
C  4HE REVERSE &%2 IS ABRUPTLY CHANGED

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

4ABLE  4HE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF LINK BALANCE

A !VERAGE
0MAX
0ILOT




&%2 COMPARISON
 D"
&7$
263
.!
.!
   
.!
.!

 D"
&7$
263
   
   
   

0MAX
 D"
 D"
0ILOT
&7$
263
&7$
263

       

       

       
B 4HE COMPAISON OF AVERAGE ALLOCATED FORWARD
TRAbC GAIN
0MAX
 D"  D"  D"  D"
0ILOT

.!
  


  

.!
  
C 4HE COMPARISON OF
%C)O
0MAX
 D"
0ILOT

.!

p

.!

AVERAGE MOBILE RECEIVED

 D"

 D"

 D"

p
p
p

p
p
p

p
p
p

D 4HE COMPARISON OF AVERAGE CELL %B .O SET

POINT
0MAX
 D"  D"  D"  D"
0ILOT

.!









.!




FROM   FOR 0MAX  D" TO ABOUT

  FOR 0MAX  D" AND  D" )T IS DUE
TO THE SHORTAGE OF THE MAXIMUM ACCESSIBLE

$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

%B .O SETPOINT 4ABLE D TELLS THAT 0MAX

 D" RESULTS IN MINIMUM AVERAGE CELL %B .O
SETPOINT ABOUT  D" WITH   &%2
4HEREFORE THE PILOT GAIN  AND CELL %B .O
SETPOINT  D" IS CHOSEN AS OPTIMUM VALUE



4ABLE  4HE OPTIMUM VALUE FOR A GIVEN CONDITION

0ILOT %B .O &ORWARD &ORWARD -OBILE 2EVERSE

'AIN 3ETPOINT &%2 4R 'AIN 2X %C )O &%2


 D"

 

 p D"  

 0OWER #ONTROL
0OWER CONTROL IS THE SCHEME OF MAINTAIN
ING THE RECEIVED SIGNAL STRENGTH OF EACH LINK
AT THE MINIMUM REQUIRED VALUE FOR COMMU
NICATION 4HE PERFECT POWER CONTROL CAN
SOLVE THE NEAR FAR PROBLEM ON THE REVERSE
LINK AND REDUCE THE INTERFERENCE BETWEEN
CELLS ON BOTH LINKS "UT THERE ARE SOME RE
STRICTIONS ON POWER CONTROL SUCH AS THE UNRE
CIPROCITY BETWEEN FORWARD AND REVERSE LINKS
THE PREDICTION ERROR FOR CHANNEL CONDITION
POWER CONTROL DELAY TIME ETC IN THE AC
TUAL ENVIRONMENT 4HEY DECREASE THE RADIO
CAPACITY AND WORSEN THE TRAbC QUALITY
!S THE `RST STEP OF THE OPTIMIZATION TEST
FOR POWER CONTROL WE SELECT THE MOBILE RADIO
CONDITION AS 2AYLEIGH FADING CHANNEL AND A
NUMBER OF POWER CONTROL PARAMETERS 4HE
CRITERION OF VOICE QUALITY &%2 IS BELOW 
 ON THIS TEST 7HEN WE PERFORMED THE
OPTIMIZATION TEST FOR ONE PARAMETER WE SET
THE OTHER PARAMETER AS THE NOMINAL VALUE
!FTER `NISHING THE OPTIMIZATION TEST FOR SE
LECTED PARAMETER WE CHOSE THE BEST ONE
AMONG EACH RESULTS AND DID THE PERFORMANCE
TEST FOR THE SELECTED VALUES

! &ORWARD ,INK 0OWER #ONTROL

4HE FORWARD LINK POWER CONTROL IS INITI
ATED BY REPORTING THE QUALITY OF FORWARD LINK

4ABLE  4HE SELECTED FORWARD POWER CONTROL PARAM

ETER AND ITS RANGE

0ARAMETERS
3TEP 4IL &AST

6ALUE

2EMARK

 

3LOW $OWN 4IME

i

MS

&AST $OWN 4IME

i

MS

&AST $OWN $ELTA

i

GAIN UNITS

&%2 4HRES

i

TRAbC CHANNEL 0-2- POWER MEASURE

MENT REPORT MESSAGE  BY -3 TO "43 ;=
4HE FORWARD POWER CONTROL PARAMETERS IN
!PPENDIX ARE THE DETAIL ONES TO CHANGE THE
TRANSMIT POWER OF THE TRAbC CHANNEL !T
`RST WE HAVE THE INTENTION TO DECREASE THE
ALLOCATED GAIN OF TRAbC CHANNEL MAINTAIN
ING &%2 BELOW   AND TO ADAPT RAPIDLY
TO THE VARIATION OF MOBILE RADIO CHANNEL
7E SELECT THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS AMONG
THEM AS SHOWN IN 4ABLE  4HE ALGORITHM
OF FORWARD POWER CONTROL IS TO DECREASE
THE FORWARD TRAbC GAIN CONTINUOUSLY FROM
THE CURRENT VALUE EVERY `XED TIME INTER
VAL 3LOW $OWN 4IME &AST $OWN 4IME
BY THE `XED STEP 3LOW $OWN $ELTA
&AST $OWN $ELTA WHEN THE REPORTED &%2
!S
IN 0-2- IS BELOW &%2 4HRES



$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 



62
   
=631>



  
% 

; ".1
*


B%



2

3

" *




.,  

7"

27
62
2



3

" *


&IG  4EST CON`GURATION FOR FORWARD LINK POWER CONTROL

THE REPORTED &%2 IN 0-2- IS ABOVE

&%2 4HRES "3# INCREASES THE CURRENT GAIN
BY "IG 5P $ELTA !S THE REPORTED &%2 IS
BELOW &%2 4HRES AND NOT ZERO "3# IN
CREASES THE CURRENT GAIN BY 3MALL 5P $ELTA
4HERE ARE TWO WAYS TO DOWN THE FORWARD
TRAbC GAIN /NE IS THE FAST MODE AND
THE OTHER THE SLOW MODE )T IS ENABLED BY
3TEP 4IL &AST
4HE TEST CON`GURATION SHOWN IN &IG 
IS THE SAME ONE AS THE DEMODULATION PER
FORMANCE OF FORWARD TRAbC CHANNEL IN MUL
TIPATH FADING CHANNEL IN )3  ;= 7E SE
LECTED THE FOLLOWING TWO CASES SEE 4ABLE 
AMONG MANY DEMODULATION TESTS IN )3 
4HE OPTIMIZATION TEST RESULT FOR EACH PA
RAMETER IS SHOWN IN 4ABLE  RESPECTIVELY
4HE CHANGE OF &AST $OWN $ELTA FROM ONE
TO TWO CAUSES THE LOWERING OF THE TRAbC GAIN
WITH A LITTLE HIGHER &%2 "UT IT IS STILL BELOW
  4HE EXTENDING OF 3LOW $OWN 4IME
FROM  MS ENHANCED THE MEASURED &%2

4ABLE  4HE SETTING VALUE FOR THE TEST PARAMETER

)OR M)OC
%C )OR FOR 0ILOT CHANNEL
%C)OR FOR 4RAbC
#HANNEL  BPS

#ASE 
 D"
p D"

#ASE 
 D"
p D"

p D"

p D"

p D"M p D"M

 -(Z  -(Z
$ATA 2ATE
 BPS 6ARIABLE
%B .T FOR 4RAbC CHANNEL  D"
 D"
#HANNEL -ODEL
#ASE 
#ASE 
)OC

4HE SHORTENING OF &AST $OWN 4IME CAUSES

THE DECREASES OF FORWARD TRAbC GAIN AND
THE WORSENING OF &%2 A LITTLE 4HE LOWER
ING OF &%2 4HRES BELOW NOMINAL VALUE IN
DUCES THE BETTER &%2 WITH THE INCREASED
TRAbC GAIN 4HE INCREASES OF &%2 4HRES
FROM NOMINAL VALUE CAUSE THE SAME &%2
WITH THE SMALLER TRAbC GAIN )N THE VIEW
POINT OF &%2 THERE IS NO DI_ERENCE AGAINST

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL



4ABLE  4HE OPTIMIZATION TEST RESULTS FOR THE SELECTED PARAMETER

A 4HE RESULTS FOR 3TEP 4IL &AST AND &AST $OWN $ELTA
#HANNEL
#ASE 
#ASE 
2EMARK
&AST $OWN $ELTA &%2 &ULL &7$ 'AIN &%2!LL &7$ 'AIN

 

 

.OMINAL

 

 

B 4HE TEST RESULTS FOR 3LOW $OWN $ELTA
#HANNEL
#ASE 
#ASE 
2EMARK
3LOW $OWN $ELTA &%2 &ULL &7$ 'AIN &%2!LL &7$ 'AIN

 

 

.OMINAL

 

 


 

 


 

 

C 4HE TEST RESULTS FOR &AST $OWN 4IME
#HANNEL
#ASE 
#ASE 
2EMARK
&AST $OWN 4IME &%2 &ULL &7$ 'AIN &%2!LL &7$ 'AIN

 

 


 

 


 

 

.OMINAL
D 4HE TEST RESULTS FOR &%2 4HRES
#HANNEL
#ASE 
&%2 4HRES &%2 &ULL &7$ 'AIN

 


 


 


 


THE CHANNEL MODEL /THER WISE WE FOUND

THAT THE MEASURED TRAbC GAIN OF CASE  IS
LOWER THAN THAT OF CASE  )T IS NOT DUE TO
THE CHANNEL MODEL BUT DUE TO  D" HIGHER
)OC AND  D" LOWER )OR M )OC 
4HE OPTIMIZED VALUE THAT IS TO LOWER THE
TRAbC GAIN WITH ACCEPTABLE &%2 IS SHOWN
IN 4ABLE  4HE PERFORMANCE RESULT OF THE

#ASE 
&%2!LL &7$ 'AIN
 

 

 

 


2EMARK

.OMINAL

OPTIMIZED VALUES IS SHOWN IN 4ABLE  4HE

FORWARD &%2 IS SLIGHTLY DECREASED FROM 
 TO   WITH THE SMALL INCREASES OF FOR
WARD TRAbC GAIN UNDER THE CHANNEL MODEL
CASE  /THERWISE FOR CHANNEL MODEL CASE
 THERE IS A DECREASES OF &%2 FROM   TO
  WITH THE DECREASED FORWARD TRAbC
GAIN "OTH RESULTS SATISFY OUR INTENTION TO



$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

DECREASE THE ALLOCATED GAIN OF TRAbC CHANNEL

WITH MAINTAINING &%2 BELOW  

4ABLE  4HE SETTING VALUE FOR THE TEST PARAMETER

#ASE 
4ABLE  /PTIMIZED FORWARD POWER CONTROL PARAMETER
ON A GIVEN 2AYLEIGH CHANNEL

!7'. 0OWER
AT "43

p D"M -(Z u  D"

/PTIMIZED .OMINAL
6ALUE
6ALUE 2EMARK
3TEP 4IL &AST


3LOW $OWN 4IME 

MS
&AST $OWN 4IME


MS
&AST $OWN $ELTA


GAIN UNITS
&%2 4HRES




#HANNEL -ODEL

#ASE 

0ARAMETERS

4ABLE  4HE PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BEFOREAFTER

OPTIMIZATION PROCESS

#HANNEL

"EFORE
!FTER

#ASE 
&%2
&7$
&ULL
'AIN
  
  

#ASE 
&%2
&7$
!LL
'AIN
  
  

4ABLE  4HE SELECTED REVERSE POWER CONTROL PARAM

ETER AND ITS RANGE

0ARAMETERS
0$
06$
$ELTA 'AIN

6ALUE
i
i
  

2EMARK

&ORWARD 0#

" 2EVERSE ,INK 0OWER #ONTROL

4HERE ARE THREE KINDS OF LOOPS FOR THE
REVERSE LINK POWER CONTROL IN #-3 WHICH

ARE OPEN LOOP CLOSED LOOP AND OUTER LOOP

AND THE RELATING PARAMETERS ARE LISTED IN THE
!PPENDIX
!T `RST WE SELECT THE FOLLOWING PARAM
ETERS AMONG THEM AS SHOWN IN 4ABLE 
0$ AND 06$ ARE THE DOWN STEP SIZE OF
THE %B .O SETPOINT WHEN "3# RECEIVES GOOD
FRAME OF FULL RATE AND TH RATE 4HE
GUIDELINE OF SELECTING THEM IS TO LOWER THE
RECEIVED %B .O AND THE THRESHOLD OF "43
MAINTAINING &%2 BELOW   4HE REASON
FOR SELECTING THE $ELTA 'AIN IS THAT WE
HAVE -3 RECEIVE THE POWER UP AND DOWN
COMMAND OF  BPS FROM "43 MORE COR
RECTLY 4HE TEST CON`GURATION IS SHOWN IN
&IG  AND IS THE SAME ONE AS THE DE
MODULATION PERFORMANCE OF FORWARD TRAbC
CHANNEL IN MULTIPATH FADING CHANNEL IN )3
 ;= 7E SELECTED THE FOLLOWING ONE CASE
SEE 4ABLE  AMONG MANY DEMODULATION
TESTS IN )3  DUE TO THE IMPOSSIBILITY TO
SETUP %B .O BOUNDARY RECOMMENDED VALUE
BY )3  IN #-3
4HE OPTIMIZATION TEST RESULT FOR 0$
06$ AND $ELTA 'AIN IS SHOWN IN 4ABLE
 RESPECTIVELY 4HE INaUENCE OF 0$ ON
&%2 IS THE BIGGEST AMONG THEM )F 0$ IS IN
CREASED FROM NOMINAL &%2 BECOMES LARGER

$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 



4ABLE  4HE OPTIMIZATION TEST RESULTS FOR THE SELECTED PARAMETER

A 4HE RESULTS FOR 0$0OWER

&%2
0$
!LL RATE &ULL 2ATE

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

DOWN STEP FOR GOOD FRAME OF FULL RATE

%B .O
2X
2EMARK
%B .O
 RATE 3ETPOINT

 D"
 D"
 
 D"
 D"
 
 D"
 D" .OMINAL
 
 D"
 D"
 
 D"
 D"

B 4HE TEST RESULTS FOR 06$0OWER DOWN STEP FOR

%B .O
&%2
06$
!LL RATE &ULL 2ATE  RATE 3ETPOINT

 
 
 
 D"

 
 
 
 D"

 
 
 
 D"
C 4HE
$ELTA
'AIN




TEST RESULTS FOR $ELTA 'AIN

&%2
!LL RATE &ULL 2ATE  RATE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

WHILE %B .O BECOMES SMALLER 4HIS IS BE

CAUSE OUTER LOOP DECREASE %B .O SETPOINT
BIGGER STEP SIZE EVERY TIME "3# RECEIVE THE
CONSECUTIVE GOOD FRAMES OF FULL RATE /TH
ERWISE 4HE 06$ E_ECT ON &%2 AND %B .O
IS NOT NOTICEABLE DUE TO THE SMALL STEP SIZE
OVER THE CONSECUTIVE GOOD FRAMES OF TH
RATE 4HE LOWERING OF 06$ MAKES THE LOWER
&%2 AND THE HIGHER %B .O  "UT IF 0$ DI
GRESSES FROM NOMINAL  THE &%2 IS IN
CREASED AND %B .O BECOMES SMALLER 4HE
CHANGE OF $ELTA 'AIN DOES NOT A_ECT ON

GOOD FRAME OF  RATE

2X
2EMARK
%B .O
 D"
 D"
.OMINAL
 D"

%B .O
3ETPOINT
 D"
 D"
 D"

2X
%B .O
 D"
 D"
 D"

2EMARK

.OMINAL

4ABLE  /PTIMIZED REVERSE POWER CONTROL PARAMETER

ON A GIVEN 2AYLEIGH CHANNEL

/PTIMIZED .OMINAL
2EMARK
6ALUE
6ALUE
0$


06$


$ELTA 'AIN


&ORWARD 0#
0ARAMETERS

&%2 AND %B .O DUE TO NO FADING ON FOR

WARD LINK 4HEREFORE WE NEED TO REOPTIMIZE



$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

62

2
; ".1
*


   
=631>

3

" *


.,  



  
% 

27
3


*


  
% 

2
3


*


62

G(


*


G(

&IG  4EST CON`GURATION FOR REVERSE LINK POWER CONTROL

4ABLE  4HE PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BEFOREAFTER

OPTIMIZATION PROCESS

&%2

%B .O

2X

!LL RATE &ULL 2ATE  RATE 3ETPOINT %B .O

"EFORE    

   D"  D"

!FTER    

   D"  D"

$ELTA 'AIN UNDER THE WELL CON`GURED TEST

CONDITION
4HE OPTIMIZED VALUE THAT IS TO LOWER
%B .O WITH ACCEPTABLE &%2 IS SHOWN IN 4A
BLE  4HE PERFORMANCE RESULT OF THE OP
TIMIZED PARAMETER VALUES IS SHOWN IN 4ABLE
 4HE &%2 OF REVERSE LINK IS DECREASED
FROM   TO   WITH THE SMALL IN
CREASES OF %B .O 3ETPOINT AND 2X %B .O 
4HROUGHOUT THE WHOLE RESULTS WE CAN
EASILY FOUND OUT THAT THERE WAS ABOUT 

D" DI_ERENCE BETWEEN %B .O SETPOINT AND

2X %B.O  !S YOU KNOW WE HAVE
TWO KINDS OF POWER CONTROL MECHANISM IN
#$-! SYSTEM /NE IS OPEN LOOP AND THE
OTHER IS CLOSED LOOP )T IS DUE TO THE POWER
CONTROL ERROR WHICH IS MAINLY CAUSED BY
POWER CONTROL DELAY 4HE POWER CONTROL DE
LAY COMES FROM THE INHERENT CLOSED LOOP DE
LAY AND THE UNEQUAL WEIGHT OF MULTIPATHS

)6 #!0!#)49 !.$

0%2&/2-!.#% 4%34
 ,INK #APACITY
4HE CAPACITY TEST OF #$-! SYSTEM WAS
PERFORMED BY 1UALCOMM IN  )N THE
TEST 1UALCOMM USED A KIND OF TEST SYS
TEM NOT COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT !FTERWARD
THERE WAS NO CAPACITY TEST OF #$-! SYSTEM
BY USING THE COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT 7E

$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

PERFORMED IT BY #-3 WHICH IS ACTUAL COM

MERCIAL EQUIPMENT OF `ELD TEST SITE IN 4AE
JON
!S MENTIONED IN 3ECTION ))  #-3
TESTBED HAS JUST THREE "43S WITH `VE SEC
TORS 7E HAVE TESTED FULLY LOADED LINK CA
PACITY 4HEREFORE WE PERFORMED THE CAPAC
ITY EVALUATION TEST OF SINGLE CELL WITH THREE
SECTORS WITH REAL -3S 7E DO NOT INSERT
THE SIMULATED USERS INTO SYSTEM DURING THE
CAPACITY TEST
4HERE ARE MANY FACTORS WHICH A_ECT THE
CAPACITY OF #$-! SYSTEM 4HEY ARE -3
SPEED THE DISTRIBUTION OF -3 AND LOADING
STATUS OF ADJACENT CELLS 4HEREFORE WE MADE
SOME KIND OF TEST SCENARIOS IN CAPACITY TEST
&IRST WE DIVIDE -3 SPEED INTO STATIONARY
STATE AND MOVING STATE 3ECOND WE DIS
TRIBUTED -3S ON THE DESIGNATED TEST ROUTES
WHICH IS DECIDED ON THE BASIS OF -3 RECEIVED
POWER 7E DID TWO TESTS /NE IS THE CAPAC
ITY TEST ON ISOLATED SECTOR AND THE OTHER IS
THREE SECTORS TEST $URING THE TEST WE IN
STALLED FOUR -3S PER ONE CAR AND DIVIDED
TWO GROUPS
4HE CAPACITY TEST PER ONE ISOLATED SECTOR
WAS PERFORMED ON *ULY OF  $URING THE
`ELD TEST WE SELECTED THE TWO TEST ROUTES
ACCORDING TO THE -3 RECEIVED POWER 4HE
ROUTE  IS THE ROUTE AT WHICH THE -3 RE
CEIVED POWER IS HIGHER THAN p D"M AND
THE ROUTE  LOWER THAN p D"M
4HE TEST RESULT WAS IN 4ABLE  AND THE
MEASURED QUALITY OF TRAbC CHANNEL ON BOTH
UPLINK AND DOWNLINK WAS BELOW   &%2
7E FOUND THAT THE MAXIMUM ACHIEVED CA
PACITY IS  -3S ON ROUTE  WITH STATIONARY



CASE 4HIS IS   OF 1UALCOMM TEST 1UAL

COMM GOT  SIMULTANEOUS CALLS PER ONE SEC
TOR WHICH IS LOCATED IN &IESTA )SLAND OF 3AN
$IEGO ;= 4HE LOWERED CAPACITY IS PRIMAR
ILY DUE TO THE DI_ERENT TEST ENVIRONMENTS
%42) SITE IS ALMOST RURAL AREA AND -3S IS
DENSELY CROWDED IN THE LIMITED AREA WHILE
&IESTA )SLAND IS OPEN AREA AND -3S IS UNI
FORMLY DISTRIBUTED 4HE CAPACITY ON ROUTE 
IS   OF THAT OF ON ROUTE  FOR STATIONARY
CASE &OR THE MOVING CASE THE CAPACITY IS
  OF THE STATIONARY CASE OF ROUTE  AND
  OF THAT OF ROUTE  7E FOUND THAT
THE LARGER POWER THE -3 RECEIVED AND THE
SLOWER SPEED THE -3 WAS THE LARGER THE CA
PACITY BECAME 4HE AVERAGE CAPACITY WAS
MEASURED IN THE CASE THAT -3S WERE DIS
TRIBUTED UNIFORMLY IN SERVICE AREA &INALLY
4ABLE  DEMONSTRATES THAT THE CAPACITY OF
#-3 "43 WAS DETERMINED BY THE DISTRIBU
TION AND THE SPEED OF -3S AND THE CHARAC
TERISTICS OF MOBILE ENVIRONMENTS

4ABLE  -AXIMUM CAPACITY ON A SECTOR

-OVING
2OUTE 3TATIONARY   KMH












-ISCELLANEOUS

-3S EVENLY DISTRI

BUTED AT ROUTE  

4HE THREE SECTOR CAPACITY TEST WAS PER

FORMED ON $ECEMBER OF  $URING THE
`ELD TEST THE -3 RECEIVED POWER ON EACH
ROUTE IS GREATER THAN p D"M 4HE TEST
RESULT IN 4ABLE  SHOWS THAT THE CAPACITY



$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

FOR MOVING CASE IS   OF THE STATIONARY

CASE )T IS ALMOST THE SAME AS THE CAPACITY
TEST ON A SECTOR

4ABLE  -AXIMUM CAPACITY ON "43 WITH  SECTORS

-OVING
3TATIONARY   KMH




-ISCELLANEOUS
-3S EVENLY DISTRIBUTED
AT EACH SECTOR

4HE DELAY CHARACTERISTIC WAS MEASURED

ON THE TRAbC CHANNEL OF MOBILE TO LAND
PATH LAND TO MOBILE PATH AND MOBILE TO
MOBILE PATH 7E USE A 6ISICODER WITH 
K(Z AUDIO TONE AS A TEST EQUIPMENT FOR THE
DELAY MEASUREMENT
4HE DELAY FOR MOBILE TO MOBILE PATH
IS ABOUT  MS FOR MOBILE TO LAND 
MS AND FOR LAND TO MOBILE ABOUT  MS
&IG  SHOWS THE SAMPLE GRAPH OF THE MEA
SURED VOICE DELAY FOR MOBILE TO LAND PATH

4HE 3ERVICE /PTION  ;= WITH ,OOP

"ACK MODE DEVELOPED IN #-3 WAS USED IN
THE TEST 7E SET #$-! PARAMETER AS THE
OPTIMIZED VALUES FOR THE TEST 4O EVALUATE
THE QUALITY OF EACH TRAbC CHANNEL -3 "43
AND "3# GATHER THE NECESSARY DATA USING
-$- AND !$, RESPECTIVELY 4HE RECORDED
DATA WAS ANALYZED BY USING #3!4

 $ELAY 0ERFORMANCE IN 4RAbC

#HANNEL
4HE DIGITAL CELLULAR SYSTEM MUST SEND
AND RECEIVE THE DIGITAL VOICE DATA ON THE
AIR CHANNEL )T ADDS THE EXTRA PROCESS
ING DELAY OF ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO
ANALOG TRANSFORMATION TO THE PROPAGATION
DELAY 4HE ANALOG VOICE IS CONVERTED TO THE
DIGITAL VOICE BY THE -3 VOCODER AND TRANS
MITTED TO "43 AND IT IS CONVERTED AGAIN TO
THE 0#- SIGNAL OF  +BPS AT THE 43" IN
"3# )F THE DELAY IS LONG ENOUGH TO CAUSE
ECHO ON THE TRANSMITTED VOICE WE NEED ECHO
CANCELLER IN OUR SYSTEM )T IS NECESSARY TO
MEASURE THE DELAY ACCURATELY TO COMPENSATE
IT BY ECHO CANCELLER

&IG  4HE DELAY PERFORMANCE OF VOICE FOR MOBILE

TO LAND PATH IN #-3

 #ALL #OMPLETION
#ALL COMPLETION RATE IS TO TEST WHETHER A
SYSTEM SUCCESSFULLY CONNECTS THE CONTINUOUS
CALL ATTEMPTS FROM MANY MOBILE STATIONS TO
EACH DESIGNATED PARTS OR NOT AND WHAT THE
SUCCESS RATE IS 4HIS INDEX INDICATES THE SYS
TEM PERFORMANCE OF CALL COMPLETION UNDER

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

THE NORMAL CONDITION OF SYSTEM 4HE MAXI

MUM CALL COMPLETION RATE PER "43 WAS EVAL
UATED IN THIS PAPER
4HE FORMAL CALL COMPLETION TEST MUST
BE REQUIRED TO ALLOCATE PROPERLY THE RATIO
OF MOBILE TO LAND CALL LAND TO MOBILE CALL
AND MOBILE TO MOBILE CALL (OWEVER WE DO
NOT HAVE AN AUTOMATICAL AND CONTINUOUS CALL
GENERATING SYSTEM BETWEEN -3 AND LAND AT
PRESENT 7E MEASURE THE CALL COMPLETION
RATE BY USING MOBILE CALL SIMULATOR -#3
THAT CAN AUTOMATICALLY GENERATE MOBILE TO
MOBILE CALL AT THE PREDE`NED CONDITION 4HE
SIXTEEN -3S AND TWO SETS OF -#3 WERE USED
IN THE TEST EACH -#3 HAD EIGHT -3S AND
THERE IS A MOBILE TO MOBILE CALL AMONG THE
SAME -#3 $URING THE TEST THE TOTAL TALK
TIME IS  SEC THE IDLE TIME  SEC 4HE TEST
TIME WAS ONE HOUR
4HE MEASURED CALL COMPLETION RATE WAS
  4HE SETUP FAILURE IS   AND THE
CALL DROP DURING THE CALL IS   4HE SETUP
FAILURE IS SLIGHTLY HIGHER 4HEN WE NEED TO
AMELIORATE THE CALL PROCESSING PERFORMANCE

 "USY (OUR #ALL !TTEMPTS

5SUALLY WE DO BUSY HOUR CALL ATTEMPTS
"(#! TEST TO SYSTEM TO `ND OUT AND
VERIFY WHETHER THE SYSTEMS CALL PROCESSING
FUNCTION IS WORKING PROPERLY AFTER WE APPLY
TO THE SYSTEM HIGH LOADING THAT IS HEAVY
CALL ATTEMPTS PER AN HOUR 4HIS TEST VER
IFY THE SYSTEM RESISTANCE TO HEAVY LOAD TEST
4HEREFORE WE DO NOT USUALLY CARE ABOUT THE
CALL COMPLETION RATE IN THIS TEST 4HE "(#!
PER "43 WAS ALSO EVALUATED IN THIS PAPER

$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL



4HIS TEST ALSO MUST BE PERFORMED UN

DER THE APPROPRIATE ALLOCATION OF REGISTRA
TION AND THE THREE KINDS OF CALL (OWEVER
)T WAS MEASURED BY ONLY MOBILE TO MOBILE
CALL DUE TO USING -#3 7E USED  -3S AND
TWO SETS OF -#3 4HE AVERAGE TALK TIME AND
THE IDLE TIME WERE  S AND  S RESPECTIVELY
4HE TEST DURATION WAS  MINUTES
4HE MEASURED "(#! WAS  CALLS
PER HOUR 7HEN WE `NISHED THIS TEST WE
PLACED A NORMAL MOBILE TO LAND LAND TO
MOBILE AND MOBILE TO MOBILE CALLS TO VERIFY
THE FUNCTIONALITY OF CALL PROCESSING OF #-3
4HERE IS TOO MUCH SETUP FAILURE AT THE ORIGI
NATING -3 AND NO PAGE RESPONSE AT THE TER
MINATING -3 DURING THE TEST 4HESE EXTEND
THE CALL TIME PER ONE CALL APPROXIMATELY TWO
OR MORE TIMES 4HE WAY TO EVALUATE THE
"(#! PERFORMANCE MORE ACCURATELY IS TO
EXTEND THE TOTAL CALL TIME PER ONE CALL AND
TO COMBINE THE RATE OF REGISTRATION AND THREE
KINDS OF CALL APPROPRIATELY

6 #-3 &%!452%3 !.$ $%3)'.

#/.3)$%2!4)/.
4HE PROPAGATION MEASUREMENT RESULT OF
#$-! SIGNAL IS REaECTED IN THE DESIGN OF
#-3 SYSTEM 4HE MEASURED NUMBER OF
MULTIPATH IS USED TO DECIDE THE NUMBER OF
DEMODULATOR AT -3 AND "43 4HE MEA
SURED DELAY PRO`LE DETERMINES THE MAXI
MUM SEARCHING WINDOW SIZE OF DEMODULA
TOR AND OF SEARCHER FOR THE ACQUISITION AND
TRACKING OF THE PILOT 4HE FADING CHARACTER
ISTIC OVER DISTANCE IS USED FOR POWER CONTROL



$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

ESPECIALLY OPEN LOOP !S WE FOUND THAT THE

SPEED OF CLOSED POWER CONTROL  BPS IS
LOW TO COMBAT WITH THE FAST FADING BECAUSE
THE MEASURED FADING DURATION IS TOO SHORT
WE ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT INTERLEAVER 4HE
SIZE OF INTERLEAVER IS r MATRIX TO RAN
DOMIZE THE BURST ERROR
4HE FACT THAT THE CAPACITY AND PERFOR
MANCE TESTS WERE SUCCESSFUL IN 4AEJON AREA
UNDER THE OPTIMIZED PARAMETER EXPEDITES
THE DEVELOPED #-3 FOR THE STABLE COMMER
CIAL SERVICE 4HE RESULTS THROUGH THE OPTI
MIZATION PROCESS AND LINK BALANCE ARE USE
FUL TO THE DESIGN OF #$-! MOBILE NETWORK
THAT IS CELL PLANNING
7E HAVE THE FOLLOWING TOPICS TO DO IN THE
FUTURE FOR MORE STABLE AND SUCCESSFUL SERVICE
OF COMMERCIAL #-3
 )N THIS PAPER WE TOOK PARAMETER OP
TIMIZATION UNDER TWO KINDS OF MOBILE
RADIO CHANNELS -ORE PARAMETER OPTI
MIZATION PROCESSES UNDER VARIOUS MO
BILE RADIO ENVIRONMENTS ARE NEEDED
4HEREFORE WE CLASSIFY THE REPRESENTA
TIVE CHANNEL CONDITION OF RURAL URBAN
SUBURBAN DOWNTOWN AND HIGHWAY 7E
NEED TO `ND OUT THE PARAMETER SENSITIV
ITY TO EACH MOBILE RADIO CONDITION 4HE
OPTIMIZED PARAMETER THROUGH THE VARI
OUS RADIO CHANNELS IS APPLICABLE TO THE
DEPLOYED COMMERCIAL #-3
 !S WE ARE ON THE TRANSIENT PERIOD
FROM !-03 TO #$-! BOTH SYSTEMS
ARE TO COEXIST 4HEREFORE -3 THAT IS

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

NEARBY OTHER SYSTEMS EXPERIENCES THE

INTERMODULATION INTERFERENCE AND DE
GRADES &%2 7E MUST ACCURATELY ANALYE
THE #$-! TO !-03 INTERFERENCE AND
SEARCH FOR THE WAY TO MINIMIZE IT
 !S THE CELLULAR SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO
THE TWO OPERATING COMPANIES WE MUST
EXPERIENCE THE INTERFERENCE BETWEEN THE
OPERATING COMPANIES DUE TO THE DI_ER
ENT LOCATION OF "43 7E PROCEED THE
MORE QUANTITATIVE TEST TO `ND THE WAY
TO REDUCE IT
 4HE PERFORMANCE SIMULATION OF WIDE
BAND #$-! 0#3 WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH
THE BASIS OF THESE TESTS

6) #/.#,53)/.
4HE PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF
#$-! SIGNAL PATH LOSS AND DELAY WERE
PRESENTED IN THIS PAPER 4HE PATH LOSS
SLOPE CHARACTERISTIC OF #$-! SIGNAL IS
SIMILAR TO THAT OF  K(Z !-03 SIGNAL
4HE MEASURED DELAY SPREAD CON`RMED THE
RAKE RECEIVER DESIGN OF THE #-3 TESTBED
7E ALSO PERFORMED THE #$-! PARAM
ETER OPTIMIZATION TEST 7E SELECT THE PA
RAMETERS AMONG THE LINK BALANCE AND THE
FORWARD AND REVERSE POWER CONTROL TO DE
CREASE &%2 ON BOTH LINKS AND DECREASE THE
ALLOCATED TRAbC GAIN ON FORWARD LINK AND
%B.O ON REVERSE LINK 4HE LINK BALANCE
TEST SHOWS THAT IT IS NEEDED TO REDUCE THE
PILOT GAIN AND 0MAX FROM CURRENT VALUES
UNDER THE MOBILE CHANNELS IN TEST )N ORDER

$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

TO HAVE BETTER &%2 AND LESS TRAF

`C GAIN ON FORWARD LINK WE NEED TO
ENABLE THE 3TEP 4IL &AST MODE EXTEND
3LOW $OWN 4IME REDUCE &AST $OWN 4IME
AND &%2 4HRES FROM CURRENT VALUES OF FOR
WARD WARD POWER CONTROL 4HE PARAMETER
OPTIMIZATION TEST FOR REVERSE LINK POWER CON
TROL SHOWS THAT THE DECREASES OF 0$ AND
06$ FROM CURRENT VALUES PROVIDE BETTER
&%2 WITH SLIGHTLY INCREASED %B .O  4HE
RESULTS THAT ARE OBTAINED THROUGH THE OPTI
MIZATION PROCESSES WILL BE APPLICABLE TO



DEPLOYMENT OF THE #-3 IN THE NEAR FUTURE

4HE #-3 TESTBED INCLUDING THE VARIOUS
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS WERE SETUP TO DEVELOP
AND EVALUATE THE #-3 FUNCTION AND PER
FORMANCE 4HROUGH THE `ELD AND LABORA
TORY TESTS WE HAVE ACHIEVED THAT THE #-3
TESTBED HAS THE GOOD CALL COMPLETION RATE
ACCEPTABLE BUSY HOUR CALL ATTEMPT AND THE
COMPENSATABLE VOICE DELAY 4HE MEASURED
MAXIMUM CAPACITY PER A SECTOR IS  USERS
AND THAT PER A "43 WITH THREE SECTOR IS 
USERS

!00%.$)8 #-3 ./-).!, 0!2!-%4%2

{ "43 PARAMETER RECORD
&IELD
3YSTEM
0ARAMETER

3UGGESTED

$E`NITION

0WR 2EP 4HRESH

.UMBER OF FORWARD FRAME ERRORS AN -3 MUST DETECT

BEFORE SENDING A 0-2- MESSAGE

0WR 2EP &RAMES

4HE NUMBER OF FORWARD FRAMES OVER WHICH -3 MUST

COUNT FRAME ERRORS BEFORE SENDING A 0-2- MESSAGE

0WR 4HRESH %NABLE

4HRESHOLD REPORT MODE INDICATOR

0WR 0ERIOD %NABLE

0ERIODIC REPORT MODE INDICATOR

0WR 2EP $ELAY

0ERIOD AN -3 MUST WAIT AFTER SENDING AN AU

TONOMOUS 0-2- MESSAGE BEFORE RESTARTING FRAME
COUNTING FOR POWER CONTROL

0AGING

4X 'AIN



0AGING CHANNEL TRANSMIT GAIN

0ILOT

0ILOT 'AIN



0ILOT CHANNEL TRANSMIT GAIN

3YNC

3YNC 'AIN



3YNC CHANNEL TRANSMIT GAIN



$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

{ &ORWARD POWER CONTROL RECORD

&IELD

3UGGESTED

3TEP 4IL &AST

$E`NITION
.UMBER OF CONSECUTIVE SLOW DOWN POWER CONTROL STEPS BEFORE
SWITCHING TO FAST DOWN POWER CONTROL

3LOW $OWN 4IME



4IME MS BETWEEN DOWN STEPS FOR SLOW POWER CONTROL

&AST $OWN 4IME



4IME MS BETWEEN DOWN STEPS FOR FAST POWER CONTROL

3LOW $OWN $ELTA

-AGNITUDE OF THE SLOW DOWN STEPS IN GAIN UNIT

&AST $OWN $ELTA

-AGNITUDE OF THE FAST DOWN STEPS IN GAIN UNIT

.OM 'AIN



.OMINAL 4X GAIN IN GAIN UNIT

-AX 4X 'AIN



MAXIMUM 4X GAIN IN GAIN UNIT

-IN 4X 'AIN



MINIMUM 4X GAIN IN GAIN UNIT

&%2 4HRES

&%2  THRESHOLD DETERMINING FAST OR SLOW GAIN INCREASE

"IG 5P $ELTA



,ARGE GAIN INCREASE IN GAIN UNIT

3MALL 5P $ELTA

3MALL GAIN INCREASE IN GAIN UNIT

3IGNAL $ELTA 'AIN



3IGNALING TRAbC FRAME GAIN DELTA GAIN IN THS

$ELTA 'AIN



-INIMUM  CELL POWER CONTROL SUBCHANNEL GAIN DELTA GAIN IN

THS

$ELTA 'AIN



-INIMUM  CELL POWER CONTROL SUBCHANNEL GAIN DELTA GAIN IN

THS

$ELTA 'AIN



-INIMUM  CELL POWER CONTROL SUBCHANNEL GAIN DELTA GAIN IN

THS

{ 2EVERSE OUTER LOOP POWER CONTROL RECORD

&IELD

3UGGESTED

&%2 3ET 0OINT



0NOM

 D"

$E`NITION
4ARGET &%2
)NITIAL TARGET %B .O WHICH IS THE STARTING POINT WHEN THE CALL
IS SETUP

0MAX

 D"

-AXIMUM TARGET %B .O DURING THE CALL

$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

&IELD

3UGGESTED



$E`NITION
-INIMUM TARGET %B .O DURING THE CALL

0MIN

 D"

050&



5P STEP SIZE FOR ERASE IN FULL MODE

050%



5P STEP SIZE FOR ERASE IN ERASE 2UN

050%,



5P STEP SIZE FOR ERASE RUN

0$



$OWN STEP SIZE FOR FULL RATE MODE

06$

$OWN STEP SIZE FOR VARIABLE RATE MODE

0&7

0AUSE BETWEEN UP FULLS

0&22

p

0%2,

-INUS FULLS STEP SIZE UNTIL FULL RATE MODE

%RASURE STEP SIZE UNTIL ERASE MODE

2%&%2%.#%3

4RANSACTIONS ON 6EHICULAR 4ECHNOLOGY VOL 

NO  PP   

;= # +ANG . ,EE 3 ,EE + ,EE + +IM AND

$ )M <$EVELOPMENT OF THE TEST AND EVALUATION
SYSTEMS FOR THE #$-! -OBILE 3YSTEM IN THIS
ISSUE PP  
;= $ # #OX <$ELAY $OPPLER CHARACTERISTICS OF
MULTIPATH PROPAGATION AT  -(Z IN A SUBUR
BAN MOBILE RADIO ENVIRONMENT )%%% 4RANSAC
TIONS ON !NTENNAS AND 0ROPAGATION VOL !0 
NO  PP   
;= 7ILLIAM # 9 ,EE -OBILE #OMMUNICATIONS %N
GINEERING .EW 9ORK -C'RAW (ILL 
;= -ICHEL ,ECOURS *EAN 9VES #HOUINARD 'ILLES
9 $ELISE AND *EAN 2OY <3TATISTICAL MODELING
OF THE RECEIVED SIGNAL ENVELOPE IN A MOBILE RA
DIO CHANNEL )%%% 4RANSACTIONS ON 6EHICULAR
4ECHNOLOGY VOL  NO  
;= ,OUAY - ! *ALLOUL ET AL <-ULTIPATH FAD
ING E_ECTS ON WIDE BAND $3#$-! SIGNALS
!NALYSIS SIMULATION AND MEASUREMENTS )%%%

;= 4HEODORE 3 2APPAPORT ET AL < -(Z MULTI

PATH PROPAGATION MEASUREMENTS FOR 5 3 DIGITAL
CELLULAR RADIOTELEPHONE )%%% 4RANSACTIONS ON
6EHICULAR 4ECHNOLOGY VOL  NO  PP  

;= $ONGDOO ,EE ET AL <-EASUREMENT ON MULTIPATH
PROPAGATION FOR WIDEBAND RAKE RECEIVER #ON
FERENCE 2ECORD OF ND !SIA 0ACI`C #ONFERENCE
ON #OMMUNICATIONS VOL PP   
;= 1UALCOMM )NC #$-! 3YSTEM %NGINEERING
4RAINING (ANDBOOK PP  i  !PR 
;= 3 +IM 0 3ONG * +IM AND ( ,EE <)NVESTI
GATION OF #$-! AIR INTERFACE AND PROTOCOLS IN
THIS ISSUE PP  
;= 4)!%)!)3  2ECOMMENDED -INIMUM 0ER
FORMANCE 3TANDARDS FOR $UAL -ODE 7IDEBAND
3PREAD 3PECTRUM #ELLULAR -OBILE 3TATIONS &EB




$ONGSEUNG +WON ET AL

;= 4)!%)!)3  2ECOMMENDED -INIMUM 0ER

FORMANCE 3TANDARDS FOR "ASE 3TATIONS 3UPPORT
ING $UAL -ODE 7IDEBAND 3PREAD 3PECTRUM #EL
LULAR -OBILE 3TATIONS &EB 
;= 3 3HIN ( ,EE AND + # (AN <4HE #$-!
-OBILE 3YSTEM ARCHITETURE IN THIS ISSUE PP
 
;= 1UALCOMM )NC <#$-! FORMAL `ELD TEST RE
PORT 4EST RESULTS FOR .OVEMBER   
PRESENTED TO 4)! *UNE   
;= 4)!%)!42)3  0.  3ERVICE
OPTION -OBILE 3TATION ,OOPBACK 3ERVICE /PTION
3TANDARD &EB  

$ONGSEUNG +WON RECEIVED

"3 DEGREE IN  FROM 9ON
SEI 5NIVERSITY 3EOUL +OREA
)N  HE JOINED %42) AND
IS NOW A SENIOR MEMBER OF RE
SEARCH STA_ !S A MEMBER OF
-OBILE #OMMUNICATION $IVI
SION HE HAD BEEN INVOLVED IN THE DESIGN AND DEVELOP
MENT OF -OBILE -ODEM (E IS CURRENTLY INVOLVED IN
THE DEVELOPMENT OF #$-! DIGITAL CELLULAR TELEPHONE
SYSTEM

9OUNGKWON (AHM RECEIVED

THE "3 -3 AND 0H$ DE
GREES IN ELECTRONICS ENGINEER
ING FROM 9ONSEI 5NIVERSITY IN
3EOUL +OREA IN  
AND  RESPECTIVELY (E
JOINED %42) IN  WHERE
HE IS PRESENTLY A SENIOR MEMBER OF RESEARCH STA_ (IS
RESEARCH INTERESTS INCLUDE DIGITAL MOBILE COMMUNICA
TIONS RADIO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND RADIO WAVE
PROPAGATION

%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

)NMYOUNG *EONG RECEIVED

"% DEGREE IN ELECTRONICS EN
GINEERING IN  FROM (AN
KUK !VIATION 5NIVERSITY AND
-% DEGREE IN ELECTRONICS EN
GINEERING IN  FROM 9ONSEI
5NIVERSITY 3EOUL +OREA (E
HAS BEEN WITH %42) SINCE  !S A SENIOR MEMBER
OF -OBILE #OMMUNICATION $IVISION HE IS INVOLVED IN
THE DEVELOPMENT OF #$-! DIGITAL CELLULAR TELEPHONE
SYSTEM

$UCKBIN )M WAS BORN IN


(E RECEIVED HIS
"3 DEGREE IN COMMUNICA
TIONS ENGINEERING FROM (AN
KUK !VIATION 5NIVERSITY IN
 AND HIS -3 DEGREE IN
COMPUTER ENGINEERING FROM
#HONBUK .ATIONAL 5NIVERSITY IN  (E JOINED
%42) IN  AND HAS MANY YEARS OF RESEARCH EX
PERIENCE IN THE `ELDS OF INTELLIGENT NETWORK AND RE
LIABILITY ENGINEERING (E CURRENTLY WORKS ON SYSTEM
INTEGRATION AND TEST OF THE #$-! MOBILE SYSTEM DE
VELOPMENT