Aaron Marcus

Cell Respiration and Fermentation

Study Guide

Cell
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Respiration
C6H12O6+602=6CO2+6H20+32ATP
Raw materials= Glucose + Oxygen
Products= ATP, CO2, H2O
In both animals + plants
3 Stages of Cell Respiration
Glycolysis:
Anaerobic
Chemical reaction in cytoplasm
Break down glucose= 2 pyruvic acids
2 NADH produced
2 ATP molecules used + ATP molecules
produced= 2 Net ATP produced
Not very efficient
Krebs Cycle:
Aerobic
1 glucose= 2 turns of cycle
Takes place in mitochondria (Matrix)
6 NADH produced (per glucose)
2 FADH2 produced (per glucose)
Each turn= 1 ATP + 2 CO2 produced
Pass electrons to Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport Chain (ETC):
Aerobic
Inner membrane of mitochondria
Electrons pass through chain + release ATP
32 ATP produced (or 34)
Oxygen+ final electron acceptor to form H2O
Fermentation
o Does NOT require Oxygen
Anaerobic
o Follows Glycolysis
All cells still utilize glycolysis
Glucose-> 2 pyruvates= 2 ATP (net gain)
Not a lot of energy
o Fermentation of Yeast, Bacteria
Pyruvate + NADH-> ethanol/alcohol + CO2+ NAD+

 NAD+ is sent back to glycolyisis

Dead end process
Ethanol kills yeast cells= not reversible reaction
o Fermentation of Animals + some Fungi
Pyruvate + NADH<-> lactic acid+ NAD+
NAD+ sent back to glycolysis
Reversible process once O2 available
Lactate converted back to pyruvate by liver
If Oxygen is available the pyruvate will be sent to the
mitochondria for aerobic respiration
If Oxygen is not available= fermentation, anaerobic respiration
Materials and Products
o Glycolysis
Materials: Glucose, 2 ATP needed, 2 NAD+
Products: 2 Pyruvates, 4 ATP (2 net), 2 NADH
o Before Krebs cycle
Materials: 2 Pyruvates, Coenzyme A (CoA), 2NAD+
Products: 2 Acetyl CoA, 2NADH, 2CO2
o Krebs Cycle
Materials: 2 Acetyl CoA
Products: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2
o Electron Transport Chain
Materials: NADH, FADH2, O2
Products: 32-36 ATP, 2 H2O