ABOUT THE AUTHORS Wien eet SESkae stew Gu wf Bon heh oni ene Pp of il Ec ‘ite te Bc gary feb oer cn Semone se POWER ELECTRONICS Converters, Applications, and Design SECOND EDITION NED MOHAN TORE M. UNDELAND Pac of Eta Een wed Camper Sie Semin I fF WILLIAM P. ROBBINS EY & SONS, INCPREFACE SECOND EDITION ‘he ot lon fsck as pba i 59. Thebes ee ‘ena: at, or ahre pmo of power ot ‘eins sg te ponent SDI eles wh tge mae ee ilnhow ac cms kr power eaves expan ely 9 8 Bed ee ‘Saens ece e# e etp wetatemae nbe fh ‘her en Te hy nes mo * Alanon cet sec ke poe reve of se ee nt ‘Rc cnc, may Heo bk ey Poe ‘chp oops see ed a sees ee of futons n gee hon, Ears nd pres bo pes [IBIATLAB® we led Howe, ve smut mich ao ‘ayo sso ape nb ed lo esos at Fel agsie + Uae ie stn, ese ees a ease ole i on ‘rune ven ins one etal mane Ths wo apt ow coma 36 pens + Ainge eet dig of cis a somes as en es a ‘dats aoe ener fer Seppe Ses pcre, Ta ‘bal wil be cary wt ming eno api ew ctr met st aa ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK nt nanan ey, Pt pre sc ne lel oer SSE pm be pale al she eet coer obi asd ms pl. ‘Te tal seiner deve umole ae ee el ‘Ns owing aso te coer ges depen Pit ces mihi en ene os Poe gt ‘esto tapas a ean‘in intas seven scl an cormera pias oe eA ahercuperdonbr inthe swan Thea pen ‘Soper ae hr comers umanes al dete nator ce Sern pe em i tec adage bei pon Span noes (08) le Eston nn er sl Dea Pot? scene pate of oer oui cna dg ee sats Sv a oe iin eco SPICE SIMULATIONS FOR TEACHING AND DESIGN ‘ky Wm Senet Res Baca cea nf Eben FB 100 ‘Manto, Ste homes 626 00) oad ah ani denen (ipone leanne ten Tne aan play coors cole the hes oth ‘mans pow stn sec nd cs ng Cu er (aver FS fr WB eco compe 6 pedo al ‘Surin halon ad ab face pee tbe mnt oc ccning Sage marcan where pce wage vg es ole tes eam an oo gh Sey ees tiny» spy fe hsm {Grau veo Pps Ta pager a cnt 3995 ps pen ‘ie Net Ams 65 odes ne ue bene hc Lows tbe ‘Stes ge sd for Soni ee. SOLUTIONS MANUAL. | i ht fon of ho, sins aa ih ample woke ‘Sos athe poi mae an he ber’ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ‘Sco can sur my ang eto The oer ee et {See a gt Pete fe sco oe Unmery of Wang. ‘Teme Mc te Garp Fess, an Ces oe Vpn Teas of Tey Asan Eman ef be Waco Pac tee FP Dawson of he Unvenzy of Tt, a ron Kemi fe Wri Sate (ihe neil agen the sees mam Neenpe at Siero be Way eel ailing Seve Sun Coane. 5 ss ua pe on sony No Monae ‘an habe CONTENTS PART 1 INTRODUCTION a Chapter 1 Powe lesa Systems A Herein 8 13 Power Beavers Line Bes 4 13 Soe ad Aplcan 14 Gitta a owe Poston nd Coreen 9 13 Ate Ter Inert Rte of Pour Becomes 13 1 Game oS Ud rome wees Chap? Oven a Pe Send See " 21 Inodocton 16 no. 2 Dota Cancers ine Such, 20 25 Bir nso Tacs at Mamie Dagny 28 a”Chapter Computer Simulation of Power Fete Comers ea) £2 Cepia Congr Simition 82 1 Seeihe Poe 1 Statin tector Tne Dorin Ariss 68 {6 Wak Wed Cs Osea Sonus 1 gin Sates ewemes "ts PART 2 GENERIC POWER ELECTRON CIRCUITS (apie 5 Lin Freguene Dade Hectiers LineFrequney 36> Unaoled de » 52 Bote Cima thee ie rnin 4 alge Der Spe Pc) Rese 100 1S for Spee Reon Nese Come Tae Pas, Fear We Sens 10 ‘se Tee hse Fal age Rection 103 5) Compan Spe Pee and Tue Pas Racifes 12 lu Cen nc Owmeaiges when eID 5 Cet er ore Cae minis Low Pee eens Te Areas 1 [Chapter Lin-Froqnney Phase-Contalld Recess eee nese Line Frmeray c= Cail de a {64 tarsaion 1 182 Tyler Ce ot Tee Cotat 22 1 Sheba meres ae 3 Oper tne Pc Camere 188 Bawenes i Chap deme ih Made Comertrs wr 33 God ode Convene 182 173 Sep Down a Comsner 4 74 Sepp ton Comer 172 25 Bak Boow Coane 3s Cikares Comer 72 Fat Big ede Comerer a8 78 deve Conner Compan HS Seaman I Pratenr 1 eirnes "19 Chater Salih Made denne Ir de Sinsida c 290 ison 0 2 Seana Sei wres 32 5 Segerta eres at 55 Bt alg Fe $5 HIG fn Te OumetVoie in FM eres 2 1 Geert Sug Shee 8" : 19 Ren lect Ope es ar mee (Choyer® Resmant Canes Zr Volae mdr ZeeCaret Soins Newell Zeon ay 2 tamien 20 34 Zac ange Swany Caged Vag Tops 280 237 Recnee-ik leis 2m ge Scns 27 S14 fg ec Link egal atch Cave a8 Suman 2, Prolene 21 eens es PART 3. POWER SUPPLY APPLICATIONS 2 Chapter 10. Swlching de PonetSoptice a 10 taodaon 20 102 Line Foner Spice 20 103 Drew o Soa Poe: Splits 302 Ibe ends Comets th Be aan 0s 1053 ono Swachale Poe! Spins 82 104 Rove Supt Prien Ut 1027 kewl lace me dtack Lop 344 108 Desa to Mt te ower Sup Specs 6 Somme JChapter 1 Pore Cntonrs and Uninterople Per Sipps 13 Cemeie Rove Sipe CUPS) 396 Raorener 4 PART 4 MOTOR DRIVE APPLICATIONS ms 122 Ciera Sekteg Dive Components 368 Roeser "Shs Chapor 18 de Moto Drives ro 132 euaet Coca ee Mowe: 377 135 Pmt Magne Mears 80 ‘4 Moc ih Sep cd il Weng 381 19 Rapes de Bave 381 Smmey D8 Roeser 88 162 nc Pcie ot nicibe Maer Oprisn 40 10 be i er es Png 15 put toasted aeons Ma 18 169 Vanni opany PORES Din a8 184 Vane Pesan Sgre Wie VSL Des "08 143 Vane Pagan) CS Ber Ito impure esePnguae Does 27 1 Lee Pemeny VarbieVatge Dives 8 612 Redon Vlas Sortg S08 St ofan Mee 280 15 Spud Cony Se ip Poet Ren ernest [Chapter 15. Synebrenans Motor Drier 2s 11 aioa a {52 Bc Precip Mae pion 8 134 Syne Seemnr sw Was 184 Cycecmenen ah Simmay 4 Proce Ya eres “te PARTS. OTHER APPLICATIONS “0 Chapter 16 Reside an India Appts 6 182 Rees Aplin 45 (63 Ina Apne 38 Simmery 45 Pre emer “9 (Opie 17 let Uy Appian “ 112 Mpmelnge Prison 0 13 Site Compe 114 Ione cf Reeve Ene Sue Ey Sige be ee Og oa fonns “tea (hepie 18 Optininng he Li neice with Power 112 Goma Come irons 434 "4 Hare Sama Resend Pcs 5184 toposes Sig Pe Uy ee $88 65 inpowet ime an Gly trace 8 1 agence SD =e me % rere semenovcron nes ws Cer ett 7 ee Gi Seeegpmce on = % Ce prt B etal nee eae Herat” ae oe Leet Een aon i. cae ter 222 bane Sactas 7 225 1-VOweniinis 94 B24 Pajero Dene Open 516 2 Stung ance 226 Onin Lin 8 pg Ana 7 Rees “Sos Chapter 25 Thyree 6 Boda 398 33 -Vekeserites 34 Tayeset Dee Onin 8 25 Swacing Cancer 336 Nat of tno sa i Rains 68 Siamery a0 Prtens Sit Rgwmea “Sia Chapter 2 Gate Tarr OM Thyra 241 lode 613 25 tate Swe nd/-¥ Cheney 6 245 Pies Fon 0 Open etd BE GrO Swing Curcetey 18 24S Orecares Pec GTO “eD3 Simey 10 Proms Ire: “Gs (hayes 25. tla Cate ipl Trnsstrs 6 382 Bo sete tan 3331 Cumann ot Bi tinier Dene Oweuee 62) 3 Senter Cancer 287 Dewsetimivind sone eens “oon hapier 26 Emerging Devices an ies on 2 lace 61 2352 Pomel Fete Taio 2 rite yan 20 er aed Dees ars ihe ove ws 365 MOS Comndad Teyanawi 365 eo bani ifr ot Dies 8) ene PART? PRACTICAL CONVERTER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 61 Chapter 2 Seater Cots we 271 Pann nd Te f Saber Cea 22 Dasa 0 Fea Nex Saies vek 0 2 Onaga 86 3 Nimo ae a Fg Sten Bre ret Cigna Peles Rees 98 (Capie 28 Gate and Base Deve eats oe 21 Ply Dein Conia 5 303 encom Dee Crease) 2383 Eecswaly hte De Cut, 35 CacoaeConmeued Dove Great 2343 Tae Bove Gate 243 Chew Loox Cosas 22 Somary 728 eens "T9 Chapter 29 Component Temperature Corl and Wea Ske 730 201 Cinta of Seniors Deve Tampere T $3. Max Taney Gotscon 757 29-4 Hea Teno Ration a Coven 19 Seay 7, Caper 30 Design a Magee Components me 501 Mage Malan Cons 148 5302 Comper Wada. 9 304 Atif Speco Design 736 505 dur Design Peds 70 508 Kelso Spe ees Dogs 267 309 bay Garmns 5304 Tasca Lege nde 79 50. Tanfomer Deis Posed 1 {Cio Compan fone a as Ses 799 Saerany 73 Raoewes "8PART 1 INTRODUCTIONCHAPTER 1 POWER ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 1-1 INTRODUCTION Intron ems he of per en a i cn eo se cre) pig vege cen fk ta pay sie de Fire 1 ows ser ccwo pam se casa nm The st ‘hepoer cen nay os fo te cw abe apes bore sles rte rsh wpe been ene ne et ayn nthe moog) he so fe porer peer The eel apts eae and he mtu) bs ete Sia We poner pce parc Wel m she we, eet “Sn te poe naptime pa ap lo ope rte en cham Noraly seb scars so one rvsor wh ard ora eer anu overbeme o ‘Sinn he or Tepe ow tig Ssh sans may bebe, ‘ncaa es final oe nec yr he sa pc decease xeon Inge oth > ‘ou fee tn Te cantik apn < ear mea et nd dg in pes. Revlon ‘tle nati estate deep och oman Me ‘shen nse enh hve ma pore eps ‘Spree ela cn ning pies te vc ed af poet ‘emicmascur dvr wih ake p pine sor wea Pg AI ie teh met or pees cay xa ewes be ‘nia Steep ry te er 20 nr a hci led ‘rough ove econ ste ach Fi To own mt mayen12 ie erp he wc tot of ney i ich an at Ge United Seen Vaion gps oe eva oss = POWER ELECTRONICS VERSUS LINEAR FLECTRONICS nay poe cnvoo ses a a sry fe Hck dpa a8 ‘aloe nd te ih nr cen gor Mera re ie ona te tse ey ste way emg hee tera eo ‘cid eng One import cones nin i web eo “heave tive tt ems came be et ae cn wet he secession ne na athe} ee + ae ery ‘enorme baleen As wrsoops os rs re) pone spay fia Sem ees arenes aap ong lee The wy Iearnay py te Vand te oper huge ay, cual 9 ‘heen mind be cel lu! he yo eof ‘ipsa ine pyr ed pi ec lo a rsp ti See i tage Te eer ann mag reo ope he [mtorr wintng st Te she cop cr ewe Se ‘ofp gu sows hey wee. wach ede ey vege ‘mgeloresno= 10 ge mn smi ae) Te es = iHa~ Flows Lis pnt hy a at be nen ch the ima of he ipa lg pr a Sse wap Fr henge fe pe lag wees Bonn ee ‘ams cos a oe lee es yan ea ping ‘epue er The tora a ve pow os in ey sciheeisinrn ey, en ate a ad tn power eck, ese slag pio nd he stl latina shite crete seasafa oct efneyoeh y inputs lap wearin ey cur By peng Iho ss sins mich mo ry ly at ph ‘ie ey or pe OK he lage eed na ane ‘hie wt tate apeny Te aor stig inns fee neyn wn ch sage ft pong te sel onto ‘in th ev als. wb nib fe ag gt ad ‘tie nse nya oie howe Fp 1 Safes ee 1 Sled ee sp. ‘ay tis stg i eo fly cused nC 7a 1h Bier ‘Shececonton canbe pesenedy hype wo paoe wh hn Hg yO) hc oar 2 ge aa en ‘rae i inns erie tg Aba see ‘Teg Vdc ag nig apse, hoon sh Leah oe tall Va hl on see ee ven) a fr te ane rei SEES auew ange sey wahoo Te ie Cems fr ps Thorns cs pte ee ava al ones ese emp Sata Wate ua see ibe ag pat ae Fam te ve wate ei _ [tne oo Pir 1-4 fi se a ma pry pei of he ete ta {a be tpi se tate eb es cine sg ce eae a3 wala ay aris petaa banal comets CELAETEMS wiS ier wop nae weraeeatstae'h Neen bo preincarianag ss Feast ty Tes gobs ne Cys sine! lic pone mt Sun ee a the SIUNpPithg tetas oe man ame wee enero a ESN cece i a ed ‘roe ins te mo vet em 1 he meets Spt wep nye ake hasbeen hte ni ey ay Soir iy nnacy altos eaten ooh ccs [Sari tnd Cte snger nce pana a SETS vce le va eon a ch ace eee wpa note wins ier ag gba ETE ris se ae ote kta aks fy prce Wee ceny oe SCOPE. AND APPLIEXTIONS ‘as cguied meh: amt 0 poe ema is be te seer ct 1, Sede pover pie marge ppp. Rv ‘mn at seg ae et he cet cae ‘nn commnan qm correo heh ga ‘Sh pn sa oes tinea po sts Inathae oath mk err) stains pay. One sch apn (Tyoscecnanars eyeing Sure ons hoqaner SACS Mr Mee cc, rome ne yo [Etamentond paneer sus nip Se, ae pamper tay oh eine ‘Penn cvsey Semmes ah fal ome pero chit {Sess of Hi te a able mc he 3 he [ops apne net Seed ow Sow he [Ehud Cape ceo wt Cher Sh tr ses a he ‘id ve) slowaty wing pose scree Lan orton mc.ee ve etn ein de eed in ie pg sis age in pe he en Process olan crs onan, Thee ong deal fer ‘Shred en pnp Some ‘mtd fare epee ye ‘Shoat peda pny rie hah need he ain Sa pres compas ssn rn ig et Sah ~ (in emanate cre ve ea we fora ng ee wes assy of gti ck he cies nn a ye Sesto a eee Soames Ny Stet in Sn Pg ing VE) Stage er ‘Syn yo rcs ey owe eee US) eon wes ce sng and plies vee wh ‘sgt ater charge th wie pve cess 4: Baerserharalgtesnny Tetlnous gue or weg dpa fee oncom tonne 6 Uno rtdappiins One shape sana poe or Senge scape nt coat ae cred Ton coed ‘Mk ihe be egency ef ese of ee. Poer eos Watton iy tipi eh wi wo ao ‘geome seo hte cp 3 Pewee ‘iter ne uncon ot pola twin pom wie al mana toevoegen ta ‘ace sine cee sem nit bey me ower ee CLASSIFICATION OF POWER PROCESSORS AND CONVERTERS, 1-41 POWER PROCESSORS For sma sty of fons Sti, el apie epee fre showe nb ick apt gi mero be pt an aa om enn pe ese grim, opt erm ee ty Sue. ‘xpi son Se our my ve no ein a: 1) reps coma) apie (aha masse (const ee. fable mg (9) sale egy jute mde eg mena nbn hey a pre The pa ow ply Home yo the cot od Tee ‘ewiom, fencer Fer mpl oon se ial wh he ay ‘uth poe fw a efor npt mew eel a Be jth a sane yeah conf oweon eve esc Re ‘sing sna 1-62 POWER CONVERTERS Thepowe poe Fi coi a neta ee pve cme sage Giivn iyo shee pent of te stops elo tr ate be bya of es te eens ah capris an ‘Fete, he nes oer pt then na ave ge Se tases et So Wena commensngr = nce Tw seam» Fer 6 fone pneeerk S tn eres aa yi elec ine saps egy Stone ic a ao xt Be eb or cee) oe ‘BOTmS men can ee ne obowig bat Lsetde dhe ‘We wiser a em fe tg yor tei as ‘acy pr) ee el bv T ee eh a ode ad ‘Sis orem en meer trem: one on Po Sede s nc ep ow oh th ae ay be vee ‘Sosa shown ig U7, wert cee’ no of sc ‘rodeo opti, Sam ene cater he one pce Feb roe Oe Me i ep eS Cer. ewe Ine) aun td ureter? one im ener cone Spars mnt, sone foe) me The ow ef poner ne a Fi of optn fn iy go hc mat. Dug ‘pment tle po fw met con om he tw {Since comene? pes er es Ips an ve At ‘Sone sue congy sg cuir he cake fo coe ‘Resp ens he somes oo sansa ar ht ‘SEW piles come nor ts how deve hn mee Seon. Tae we ane ple 1 gency am cama cont ee ei ne vege rset lo coer as eae pe si ee Firs 12 acento devi, Sma, Sey ae tno, pha a ‘tage ant Thrle ee ever ach gla Te ay Woon 2. Sein Gono-commase comers, a cota bese ‘Se co af fesse hr ph omg he ‘emp Bi ihn gy eel Be cae, ‘Stoo yt the ew sey op ee (Sano cpa mat pp eres eo a St melas dere ne . 1-63 MAM CONVERTER 4S 4 POWER PROCESSOR Ine soreness we danse tt mos ot poe oe ie mee ‘hime nvr whe sarusons cpr i cp yw eS gE ‘em uasce ose They sesame e aie ‘Scie aero eee eu soe ee by 2g pe so Sense Sd ean coneer Shoo a aes ert enin sean ty tan of pad et Pa. {SIR SC peal ann west per Nw eth e cee at (eve Bic he Sue ay et spe et es Pt [altel pnt oxen seeing Sted eons Howse, pgm ots te apc co ‘ons ecne power up-beat ae a he no ot we SSSI in eae net rh emer pio ite pul opt wae te aoe ig, en ‘sos nn ape cre cn ie ren I i, er ape ee ‘Salesforce nnn Te we ‘hate age sows sd gens caret sues Oe Somewhere12 cacen ym sermon ast pte 19 Mascon: ag ma, ‘mpeg tee cureata cnenttanny wrs evae sae ans cae ssc chge ctype et ye nan vega a ering cae thy Toma wap ving sor i pear e oneal ‘ita n estou ic rece ei al ‘epee “The sich in anism meds, ft bh mat ee spa wueoeiner pun see le cowscanen nce non ck Ss we ata nd be lay cubano wae ‘eto ier ne nina Te te sb mk oe eo evan he pt ne ual ue {rpae ef mene nea foe peed teach plein, mai cst se fad os ey ean hen ected ‘Sovran and bee ented wpictime poe we nN 4-5 ABOUT THE TEXT “Te pmo of stoke eae te ty fp nem pone ‘heyeer marr me fee ye ou ec of ers ‘Si ok Sl no seve pe Pu | af fk nich es Caer 14 ese ainsi et revi base omni a evista sop tain Yor See ‘nc ven poner once Se eel a a ae {int he on oe umn om le ep 16 ‘lecboncs ape geviewed im Chaper 3. In Chater. we ety desde te 1 of ‘Shp si manent on han ym Soe he on (chap $3) dare ower tei octet eer ma ‘atu, ete cer tna tt oe afc ct Fe en eg eh ee na eam ‘techn ca be etd ed ac, Cape ei ope Se ‘Somat hn cones pecan ae ee ad he eer me 6 ‘Sort Cup Suc canes fr eo a Sil le ‘Stu Sota ded Capen 7a oye. The son ot trope spe es Fecha ce ‘Sane soe wy sie Sc The sate ir ss oe ‘Sone Ste whe nape pose apis n Secon 8 Cn ‘ser shes se mga ne one wee (eae te er 1 12 ype alsin aber ed Sn 3 nw comes na tal nt rn omen Ses geen nepal ae soe ee ‘Sion 9 gal aes sales soe yn) abet Cito are ue desea Sian 65 ure 0 nd 1) eas eh per pi: eg pone pes gai hale os ap Po rt ‘ese of pve ceo a oe Pat 5, hie ar ert pos ape lesen ape {in hy out ot pone Se pes Che Pe hues 9-20 core uae sevnson he pov enig rot mn eo me Fay fn agen ‘Seo an ga cots oral mesenger apm “Te okt isasourpt oath seri of hth enn be Pete INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF POWER ELECTRONICS “ae dacs inh ncn ear howe hat ets ot tsi ‘compe ay dew ccs npg, sn ood Fg 110. Thoe ‘matifpor arte hones el matin an ps eo! (ta pl yey compel causa oom Conn he Toate se dsr es sake ey poner ti cag ac esanp Thor ae may pol ens eal tele ape ‘ii mepe spyn rCatence ose apn1s cunyi ¢ yonts sume sorts emmsers 18 14 Cm at te ee ney snp atin 1 4 te Stet one ae ate eee 1c Dene ey pt ited ee oe ESSE Aveda tab aya y cena cg i ‘cpap Ses mC may 00 cng sy See shin a in ar [REFERENCES are 110 belie pone hao ee anne va 2 BEATE EE, ea rormar tna 1-5 qOSVEMTION OF SYMBOLS USED Paes rm eames ery oi sek ng ed it co ge EE ee eeneminrte theives lies meravemmmeree ects 1 RIRESTE ELS nace REE Setar elements Lamas. Soeten ramets meee nouns Ses Stat etpwacnein Weep ete ‘ur ar Teper san fr aes op fom et "Mascaras To fey en tern a econ t+ ‘ovens oer ae se qe ite ou foo he PROBLEMS 1 tego pera itn cs 48 ep an ISINSDSSOY ee a en tae ropa A ‘prernmna cee eraeee e 1 Ga oa pet i, 20 Tena ie vas ie Soe ance Svan Nar pk putt at er (Neve apres Oke 1 fen tema gy Oa ee as 8 Te hr aC Cac h Wantage srt aos rc ge Tae ead ‘Soccer eal aug beam ou} re SMS State ite th hr nae nee pC Ug he Eamets tae na rests eng ne Waters easCHAPTER 2 2 22 OVERVIEW OF POWER SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHES INTRODUCTION, ‘ee pi te ne Tess Seperate mir eeceanen mares renee See biee congener taneamay Ranienne evanescence Seether Erbdice inte seis oreo daa Spee coma ete a cnet ta co rope re igieaecceee ce ee degeecientrecanneeemt ero es Fs vane me octet neers 1 ides On ak of an ol ye per et 2 Thorney any nl gt mb ed Ay the poe 2. Cone hes Tad on ff bye ‘econ us cen nn dev pein ip pacioe ‘issn (sh mantener el teams MOSTES, ge Saray dna acts HP Tete ropes pce 2a and 2. shone che yl fc te de ad ely st ‘heat, Wan ed nore ne, tp net mh ey al foresee who of Wen ete ees is ‘yam sat eye sone fr gh Svs eal ere teak Uren volageehed fmma pen,evene svolae S n wth malate ihe eng (ore) Ste come te opeang vege akan otih cor in we ie eae he errs far ee ‘inbesaw see iig. le Tw ws chat co ea ‘igo everett shalt Se te tal eg ‘at hs sn epee forte ce se inca. "Ra, hun snot me ic es um apy compan oie teams ne pee Howe, ote de cet seen ors vor wave an nando ig 22, bl lng ‘ereentcoay impaled see een ‘ices nhieu ge, ‘shot conetr aan caer bmn ‘Daj peso rene, vat ype ibs a wae Schad Tie dines ee 2 ow ar ha do 9 icy 30) aed sey ow oat tli Sas. Tow se (Eee nrg eeepc 51 2 fren dat, Tete ieee ‘Slit Alper tcf exc cel eso eve add sap, ‘Scho eng of rn en rand 3. tne fume dade Tein og fet 8 spn 9 (ee eat maces ele ahh pale Ae ta pe 22 Die mlSoe pln the Sn oi ig al 5" meds oh any an ae 23 THYRISTORS ‘eonattey nent tne ed recta tore tl eeae Sitti er eset iensawoma Fete epee eae eee cromenns iikcewatamarrsecatrayecsara Se Soe ES creat Pewee wenn emt cnm SUS err Sige teresmenteanessceneroean Eanieraeesoos Fig 231 Tn ali (6 chemi id harden 2 nao 19 ese hi tgs en he nee eat age ny 3 ety snag cue tombe yates 238 Cay eye ‘Shap ng fpr ae more sting tage fe ace The yr ‘Micmac sped em of mama nd vem ones a ‘St oc ‘ing ee ri for, evi an se Be desta Saori in 2 lg ce pope an apesn ah n eine eeu shone ig emt bo sel oh ene attain og he eal ele ae “Sige, Wien ha em es roe al nen heme fs ‘pine h ueuel nrr wal vet costco eo) at (That nse ine nectar nF 2 ose ele nt yao shorn a! ye wea fg ico ne ee pep ‘Secreta me sara tue i i a em sm roowe of e ‘Sunshine ae rene Ds eee age sretcnomns sth taney the ie te ie be ‘Tiana slug io gg nts ead eg arid ‘Sie enn neath see ee may emt et Beery Spied noc tar dS br mel rel a ope ee fe of SAG Ra ino cs Dopey oe peso equim, ron yp yon a ala Inablinte miu snbcanon naps am time te reso He Moye 84 thou2 GUMTIR: ose oF roRERstonaKe TR SIMONE: ‘ie ches ht rat be oie nase he rs a he ae) hiv ed eno evap ava a a Trt is ne i el we Sie tn a Enis ese dp. eat oor Siac d sapien ce Shoring 10 ate Pirin amen tov eres 78 se Ire vrs, Tee Seta al haf as it SES Rae natn ae 20 {oe 00, Tse amc ety nets ose mio Shape er og ata cm ls Taucaunantnrome, Tessarlcegpeed oy spe ogo ‘nan pc mae piste tne ects ‘romana a ys! pe prac ec REE ee fy he ene pomay me Sn a hormones Seton pc rc eve mr op pe oe Stcmtnalrn pee ae po pact oye a item wi operas Nora innate nd Mute rerecnen oS es aso te yi ae al ys GATT sya seo coed rine (ASCRo and ene {Re thse wt fond se toe 24 DESIRED CHARACTERIST SWITCHES, Aetna ci, pea mint pe devs ling SFR Son mien ato al a ‘psc! agen sms te oat yl seen. 2 Nocaret 6s (Sivtereich oan wen sn, ow ne oi oe om ‘ny Te bea cont chy obs conc 1 lc tillage aren an ve la i care ow en AN CONTROLLABLE, 2 Cn ari ets wth 20 ge dp when ce 4: Tere nee ith 2 oes cHAMACTEMSTIC CENTAGE ES 2 2 Sic mon of er It be gr 4. Shing an pve ge cnet et ee th, ae, tcp he wl his a sent a Su pn te as ona Bene ey SESE rotate teat eres eco Sans hme ey Sg Sees thet aan sig yor Gus ny ove he ie Mca nies eu mt wr te na ‘Sie px dng nee a svi Se satan tr ne es ar ity mse esses emosich ae mn hw gh se ts nn) Ti a iw Be ‘ut thig13,rhch acer oda ante pe seve ca yy aap. he dues maoned woe ed enue a SRECE,sah es S ney sae ces Thre sah cor nico, ows sh te uc nd te de seperti ag a athe pig pea tos heh sig» 0 la Sheth eg 1b ow be wars fr ee ess ‘Sh ot te luge roe wwe sing oer pete a ‘acag Gener = Us wih 7, gb ing poe ung SS rtd yc nino 8 nl wee et Spy tc onto Yes ff fr a he eee by apn ene sou ugliness nip 48D tion ae ‘Pos uh Cr Bo coat ey egy owed by Be ‘Elgato Ony ur sures ves enh wich at he ‘Ghichre exch hn i he wm ola smoot ae Shenae al Umea Thence Fp 24h nae lev ‘ck age encarta ag vce cme a oat he an estoy sen he ey en an ein Wye * Wala 2 see icine atm ene sip ee ing one a tony oe the wc i fly, se vagal oe ee oa sean ont evs ii ean Sane The each ea a nlson ety hen n heh ng mara ee ‘trot wasn tes The yt Whe wc amg on se ean be itd Vl ry Te sr "tute sich ff mpi on ign apt och cota seca othe sac Dung eh ms pet be ‘Sine bahp esses ee dc ie yn vgs tine Ome (Be eage me lv of St dd oe ao ed ‘Sood tins snr! ane heh alse flee ace commas Sich Sd aye ae fs voage ad och oor or Romany ara the cane ea Tem foam ee ey “Te cts n oh righ ef ton ca Be tn, ig Beles an Welton as 24 DED ORES TERNIS NTR SBEDS te yet Sion ig a rt yaa igre ost cmp | "hs msn er spon) ~ ile in ig. mae er ‘ut lrge soamamet ower dooyt co te oh sth ond ‘not eas Tesch een and me on psd Hee tnt 32a hsm eben ser Prd fanaa) Re isan nye se cs Sows ate sching Pet i ko ic chars tac wih te esha en i eso Tic wh um esting ms ene be ea tio ochng feces nei ese Re eet ede ne Ney ea oe ist Seo ee tied snag sos whch npc a Pt Fe ED Pai eveehy "Te eae cee ung te il se och open ume sacs ‘egy salu tore efor oy of aes pod te Th esters one aps Pn seh ga ae aie amis tome ne sn rs. wg 1. Sal akg caret i eo ae, 2 Sal onset eg mit ose powers, 3. Sn Gen nd al ints Ts rt ee el gh 4 Ling fed td everest aig cp. This wi inate fe ees comeran fed Se, wash ate ead beste vag ies ofa icing vole aay. se ‘ec vis wo ea abel ore ae tens he Sota aos eaves spe ‘se ety, hs we gute bse pot ‘ene ig hing psy * NE Stee fons pec wees pela sa ro ep er role i in, Thee pe 7 Sag ee wih ve Ts il li ec 4 Canby ween ad vlad ee uta wie ‘pig The ls csr stm pce ae‘Shee nei ah adi nt vice oh tt Same ig Sting power nep peresoe vech m conTION “Ae i bn on hs nrc ans Abc Rm etsy Se desi i MOS, OT an GuT ie te of ers opin sf se es ta ead ching ‘hanna te ne re a te ster ccs a ese IPOL AH JUNCTION TRANSISTORS AND MONOLITHIC DARLINGTONS “he cots ae NPN RFT ou Fi, 275 an wet sae has shoes ap 2.7% fein ee chats cely ‘ipo enedyedscese clench eve el a) us an spies iy ae 0 we as eee hy me dk ame pin of he ee “Te gle he wre ly i he 1-2. rg, spatrercano oes mT ks eas re "gets ume a eens eves a sare be sapien sien ee Spey moh Dine rine Dig conan showy na 24, + ‘ns ein Some dnt co mh coer es er Wace cite ma 2 Dingo inigaaa o se hip a sonic Detpan (MD), Be ve pt sage ie on ett ‘Tints tes oe gee ew nas arnt oe Fen 27 AMT det re dari hd rien 2 2 MEA ANE seMNOUSIOR FRED EET TANNINS Feu 28 atin npn (9) ag Diagn, ring MDs, ATs aa vata megs 1400 V a ae gs ator trated mmpersIn spe sree temper ce se esac HI a ih uty ov ep ed Thee tates cia oom te aoe een caren mar pat ‘esentutl wi ste hd oe ret ‘hag ny be do ees poet able. METAL—OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD EFFECT ‘TRANSISTORS, Seaman seen erate, Ee nnaremmr me tener rine Sipeemear ae eee See Ng peaks ech a ae Gro pi.at henge of» ens uso ow hand mcetand pein ce Teme rsnece nf be MOSFET eet eased sou eee wid) ihe Sree Mg tape anes psa sb eo EE ‘Suave ma anc of Oca eg ne Bp ante aS nas = BYE ry ESTA Soe ans eat stow ste oes Pee os ona se wow ee fect cig pee: te wing ss cB a sect i Eg 28 rom pone fo saat 00-401 MOSFET PSEETAr pe ons if hing gu wn x of 3108 TE cee tn anaes cane a sr con rey ene Ig oo ene vole, an lo rages Eon te MOSPED "ical Sons lta anne vale las sik cc a 060 bt hal cen ag i op 108 sal ge ‘tips mn eons sgn 250 Vatu MOSEETS obo ‘Seta oy grate eile case soe sce a patie eect, MOSFET, sci pe cee ening eco FERRETS shaw en we cr SPE n GATE-TURN-OFF THYRISTORS ‘he ut rel rt GO sw Fg, 2 and ay tn ae fc oon coms acn c wana arte et, SENSEI See ieee cee fan See apivonereeaare cette Seite tages tama Suisiamatette te aomegeeraa ewe 218 NFO a kl 8 ty sant arin a fe voce ere amok ak HSSTORS BT eee 219 Catal msi hs snot 10 em 7 en nein test ea eh on 7. he tT se my MSFT ‘sie prety an FOr cab rn nl Scho ‘Rhincinea i fates omg ae tw ‘Stanners ahwn inh Tore does TO. The ikem utaen i 28. nnd pues at Mes Soe ug tr sn ei nn ies Tipe wae tna betes om CT ed Soar cate van 23s GTi er tone yi. he cron meron notes mocap Rotor Shop tert Stang can wp ‘per Ona wae ca nt os SIA fig ease eb INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS. eetomn tet nf en cet Sse manc amends koe acerara sien eeieutee Schaerer coi oem Se ooacn earner nce eemeeaess SSitigttags sar acme maze gor mse te 08 8 0 en ri owe ‘sgt ie mae raga FRO sn 0A Vege ts eS agee 12 a ln tac —- a s Fer 218 Ae CE oro 2) ee nd 2 2-10 MOS-CONTHOLLED THYRISTORS a er et re Soniye agp eae Cire Ns Sit ratee en ee ieee Fr tee Th tern _e enemas pre ate meee wie eat ariegeeet nce etter iat etuai te eee SoEgrgeensncrecenameren Sok eeneteemieenae ee coe sobirgcrkcfartnafec rane wie aie seen neers aaa nr SL eSEstinris@euatactat Sor arena mero eects ope ate ec ey amass iota mageer mentees SR erage rronenee moe COMPARISON OF CONTROLLABLE SWIT( Da ow dnt ene a emacs comping a deen sce emer SC popees ma becuse! ntaeney a ote he deere cee pe Ww eine er pen he ES sr tein evade pms utorrent ad ‘hte’ power igs a sehng dan er be A amma ont ene cghsie ttowa 2g 21h “in oe el cd jen wh a ee iy ica fr cma ech pe 0 ngs ag ee vet ‘Sip wie pte xen of pone cevenen mas AVA ras. Ti tei rem ow a vr Per vcs ed Smee geDRIVE. AND SNUBBER CIRCUITS ae rope Svinte sat sh Ce SESS Ws iene hes wre Sone ame JUSTIFICATION FOR USING IDEALIZED DEVICE ‘chianactenisnics, Seen one sm ove ‘eve oper to hw hey te ‘soa open on no, el 3. Sy ear evie pop cn be le ‘The spon af alae haces aay sng sree at ‘cay coop nh oper of eae eve ane ded scsi32 cen enn ue rotER sooner sn suwMany Carnes ant pbs f ain poer sean vie a pee, A Wiel Such wes eee spn seems “vere chin, uct ye eas PROBLEMS CHAPTER 3. REVIEW OF BASIC ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC CIRCUIT CONCEPTS 31 INTRODUCTION, Pepa chs ein 32 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS3:02 AVERAGE POWER AND ems CURRENT ‘Conte soot Fig. sheen poet ow cit he wos ow Pesan ny ays fn ti an en ee wie ea Pinsent se ange pe Bow ca heed redline hfe oa tlre cos eae ne 2 os pry re ad tens = Binding 32 es nem of Ge us a he, Sage power Bow can Hee ress Pane on coop ig. 3: ant 34 ee ath mae fe ae * as) hs hse i of mt me Tite cat en Ee 34nd 3 as wi ec eg ‘bem a ee 5:23 STEADV-SPAIE ae WAYERORMS WTI SINUSOIDAL, NOLIAGES AND CLRMNTS oni ceo i 22 ihn faders ead ei, ne pe Vivewu f= Vico) ow to Vand ae he ems Te and sao peed fina oe 3231 Pee Repeat Size both ya ry ily vith ine ame ey. ey in Ye teresa simply pty nse tn jt fe eta 0 (ScSet et aves ows tp 2, Commo, hes pss oe a+ - ge 1 bce ye i 2 micrme ames 35 tet on fey ater en veer at totem ea Coming, 14, ep dnga nig 3.2 coment oe in iat ‘ca spo tian ae inky 3 Val awl We cpl a oes 2 = B+ a= 2 sae oping ery oie belli ame 3232 Power Rete Pover and Per Face Tee comple poner Sie dee ot S=WE = He Je Ve = se om “Tete he mig came ve ick ce he aprentpoer need ox ea campers ae so ow P= RS = Mes anch ieee a pr Van ecu cps =f hihi inpine with ge ne pace dager ig 8 te, Treo pane conpnat eee Tes the ste cet sour 1) ad eos aeat ‘Sebamnancan eps 1a ~ Vn oe = (2 ca ea wt ow 1h = Vi t= VE nin on re i=) +h Tee cae camp plo ine 32 Tgp neregecareene ants ame a pts re ep cibteae amine 2a torent grr ts SS tt hance Anite ows ifs epe ee oie supe sosane ways bane hea ono ps a se Saif Cova pe ha ne oh ag “inde veh ase vente ca “pisses PG ae mn Teo xcs pen oat ene te Sin57 Wf Scoar cae uote mips deat Tela edge ef hws Psp pane sm pes serovar ee oe Tibco armcie fe ge Sohail hp ee suns wns we ans el re ronrtew=f=f-ene os hitmen: ay pn Sd tah Qs ts faangle3.4sa inci at sone 413, Wa scans Lista an of Cc euch ea ‘ort bag te onted pve ue 09 (bn 0, - VST=A= 1 vane “Tie. he comp pone te a i 5201+ Ro ite Sr. 00 Sine ecu over ar 95 asie. Sa VIF OF = Pe (= 001-2. /( 1) = 287 vans “ Ge = 780 — 328.7 ~ 421.3 VA Meadingd 323 Thea Cia etn td nyse peti, ae aay me pe ‘ec ah tht np Seo Forge nn Pepe pine ees ‘onminy mined eo Ulam ae ot me Syn cytes 6 tem nce = V2 Asis Zi be on inde inp ith poi a te Pe wien caret sow 938 eatin et hs he ay No Ha i oi ed neo ese mae ue viv en is patie pur on perp ns Spec =¥ 38. P= Wood ow These, natal stm he al eee ue nb gE Sie Stee = = Vit owPree = Hae = Mea = Valo ema ie equ. an 3. cota component th a nani ou fe nant egy. The en ‘cio! rma a oe ye S241 rote ie Ree Wome “ene nin me) pe pn cc — Bae See ee ses ete mgt ned fins eae ama ere pom eo = by, 3.21, cc emery componef) = ach) sia] a ‘Sint orice oes ae Bohet 29 a6 ae en eh = am Asst eye mee econ anes me ue of Rater cone ae TS ME 6 man th ah Lele SEMPRA Sian ected cca alice cares 4242 Une Curent Dseton Fig sows tn cae jd he wy by We Yes nk ep ‘me ur devs iionsty fom amie wai To ed cae in ee nt ae ‘Sing ua sna ore ait osm npg aes we a Svea ly win VE Vaio ax “he pet caret in ey a thea of 9 ar mai compos beg sted to 8b emp) n= int Sao 330 we te dee in pny congener TES Mogiecs tem) Thee amet coopens by 0c be ee precede U9 = VAtsintos 49 +S VEtnmiag 3D) ne an 5 22 Aono ne ao 3 [natn aa testy 2 {Ef panty tas Fer 33. Ln dian sepsis tenn et pothehe/ ace ame te ae SSeS et ceer ay Mee soe fon)" os Seine, om 430 i 32a ig a enc te Smeets tea one yc) a a CP oxy“The ano of ce te volar cet wae tin ht eva qin by nen of ne ae tl mone oo THD ‘Teante spe ia eco es 830 sas = 10) = St a) splot, 3. a tems erm as, tenis (Sa) om ser, = so < 336 sn (SE sf te sabi nde he THD in comet snarky THD, cb ‘peed wit ge snp Bg um aplcam, tngro hte peak oa of funn P38 ee fal re comet ue Sa como = St om CE —————r—se Efi avend mma ow ing fom 229 fom By 3 oc ap i at ee ‘Seo goa ra oe ny avant VBising B= Vener 639) te th he ut ogo at ara gus doo cab he sve eal poner ns Ge sn ge re, The pe poe Seta os me wae anne mec sn 10 eso une sun om Me pcr (PF same so, or Ss ues ee wan O_o ig Bp 238 ugh 34, pe = mb a en ‘Re dolce yon: ar (DF, nh sae pone ce in ee ih hil alg ad cm) ean ee oe DPF cr os) Then, poe wh sin cae om B38 me te a sri act wate wi hn ‘a sl i shee i Sw pow ar ecru eS dS Free toca ped aaaimiass oe om 3:25 INDUCTOR AND CAPACITOR RESPONSE ‘yshomnty pms i. iia vet sec cnt. gb mina gS age The ae, Se ey ES ar Teg Be REV, = CV ina caon on nam nde 1 = 40 am Bee B= (Ble nan intaoe om wort fs om oan Le poh Eo} Per 6 Pi rr,ee | cytes ese oF me EER 9 RENE RAT CNET fare eae of to a 6 ene cae sie, Pie SHES RUG Lite spent ei oe my = Mein mee. ow bent ws ene Vg ‘nancy str nen cae ce anh. capa oye mnt ces ae, WA 6) seat Soa ep valige fy Sve Cara = wonunetfien 1s ae ene eve fimepton. A nut eng lea ol ofan i ECASEASEPUS ing tne capac ge age 22.81 Average Vad In Sets Sate ‘Now we wl mie aco ht wet ela pwede, Cem SCART 3s ane yt, gh he ea oa nd ee a ma ve A ai cig pr we Tend wot wT OO am tee fan nr pein ety te ctin, ining ialbg 3.8 en eopaon a+ 71" i) fom Ea 9-8 frasce on 4 ' owe 3 lint pi ere okra hse Fea 3 Cacr nent ee see fear of eran. Equation 31 spit ney the ‘ous sage nerd ove ie pd mtb ete Th sowed Se meme a fig th abe we orf Asn ey cnn Sop te meg fir wae eal oe sg ne ma Pat Trang on 31 pas he mt tan of ar kn te te em ‘ine ofan. Mb ee on fe Sed ste pon.33 Ie ot capcioe peng an» eens hing = + ee sree te af, FY an. 850 [leaee yfmeas om ce te we a grt, in 32 mis dh tay se, tcc ere oe soe Soh rE ach fc uct ee SESS eS Dat Sumas santo ss pn MAGNETIC CIRCUITS ower exci equipo fen oni gps coupes ih at ibe ta Pon Se Fhe nt nd cop apiece aren 39.4 AMPERES 140" eer cry inom es magne elf ty 1 thon Sit A a tng Ame ran 0 ee eae cre aCe hanno enh ew etn ene fuanss as, ewe 330 eve min Sp (8 Sc al STR MEDS Sie mpm ah are Forte cian Fig, 300, 3-8 es Hs = 232 RCT ALAND ROLE “he dso he He pies y cueing insite ye esti inwh sore wis pune aereese er ‘roe i cy en ran insomuch ob Pg a Ta ae app im ee Soin he eel ped he eo hoe PE SHTE The SS ae cw a ee 4:93 FLUX DENSETY OR #-LD “he Helio he ey BB by ep mee Taihu ea os) se iin tant tne per gree! es 3 wees ‘akon when sen mee sn rb he posi fc St ‘Sivorwye ence um The meh fmt dee Ws Repo fe ps ore se ae mess fore 856 ‘Seon 35a nati ates he He provid says cm, cape npmmapce anaes noe oe ing a arp Nlw esarion fc its Be oP ‘Tass stn eal teins swt ni 1 te ‘scopy = abate mane we Dri of wat ete ‘Soup ences he on ee(#8 cron mm oF mee ETC ww EAE EET CNC, eg Fig 92 i tren aH 4:34 CONTINUITY OF FLUX. “The Bld xh x dest een edt of es er nt ws The ‘pst he msg an wenn tind ye ic ep of he B ed maf on Sle heap es ie a ce ashe a ns ering» ce rie ‘runt ove lving tices erty ofan a cn bees ec ss top of ach ofte- os resumen a BA, + BsAs + ByAy =D or Or + Os to =O — Dane asm ss use once #8 85. MACNPTIC RELUCTANCE AND PERMFASCE eae a a 4a ent et ey 38 Chior ta ype soon ni, t 4 4 t. Dee= Ziaoarzhe = Dioergle= Esaag =? Baa hr = feat ping conto Fa, 8. Theor om, $S¥inl neg re _ ow Fer econ ht ine sino te tune 3402 sesged he magnet ecane ph fe mat Ba aot oa oS ae Em, oe Fore sane merc nce stom ai, gaan oa, Assen en 3.61 tcc mg ie enone pny he ‘epee medion wan roy anh ewes nb a re tn 308, Be a oa ond os) Fir 34 Mapes cone»” Twig Tatar «wey 4 NAGAETIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS ‘mt mot is enema a ee ‘atists goes aan of ie 7 PTS ES en ape ote cn Fre 316 shows» map had Fg 388s i ae ao, shane cl ane, {AKT FARADAY’ VOLTAGE INDUCTION 1 Come en eft i 8) Con ey chen urn a ree ee atone swesoueec te ret teats ne cancer need setae Steen whic espana. om SOUNDS Sie thp vet attention co ttt ow she pine vg iy nd ton or ss a fy eel a eee a et hee ene ae ie ce truce ae a eat ag Rea Sr teh erated en panty oe eeetinn SORETE Space tine a tent atv cne here SONG Gotfatty dem ail ee pe Sons yates Br ye og rma oe Sap cele arar iiecth wa all caeger oe ome Fir 315) Mase ci no Sy 3:6 i se a pn S68 SELEANDUCENNGE Acuchavtnton ig Theanine tat ets owa |S2 cui sR OF BE NETTIE NH MAEDCHE COATS sen eich ne ent angst sre atl siden oi Sing iene to 86? wg 6 es can, ns tgunapete ces pinnae ni 37h ke sheet a lop nn ence sy un fr 6m Bg +63 dh att hi et esa ton ey he me ot id ie ANI pee mr oe 1 oo {TRANSFORMERS S801 Trt ite Less Cres Demers for neal a te mages op, im he Dearne tts Sr conc eieer om ect We sine dt Be eee 318 me ein of ome) aie i so woven mes 33 roc oh te Bcc sou a ig a a 9 ats (even Tesla seal tbe ade as 820 9 be el 2 en tno to am re iceag Re acl and? apc “heat i he o ns te cl and om pho endnote ai emetic en E372 oe att om ei om ie de esa te ge tes el eed ‘oma age tc set mmepe u cl Raes Tis ‘Gas rap ln is mat oot ora oy aoe soo “he hgh si ewan he estore a eh ony em Se 276) meee om ‘erste nd aco rte so nt nies aed by he ie ‘ede fit oases segues 3.7 ae te oof be ory te tinge apne sere ue, ae erin (iit Seco oun nh heh nd meee) an pe 0. 3h Oleg ocx be nner come and he wena efit om Sin ewig eb ceed og Mt Nai s week aa om‘ie mean be gre (37H an Wey ig he Sato ui: ee ee em " xt te mpeteg ute 2 a oe eka ince fer ail Vg = BE om ge 28 ee neta titra oni stat om Ihe hind erm a te in 3-798 maya i tee ao hes Eg S79 cam be capes see hoe = ba can 4m 8b fe nf ql et ve are te Senin: eine ii tome epi eas 1. y= «00 windings me to pees cond, 2.8, = 0 ore peat = mo ms La 3. y= y= ads ~~ trap as ya =D Eesmacharniac ‘arn tone mais R= = = Outen, = Tan ‘bytes 3 an 386 ee aoa doin ae worm: Nae Seta ee yaa le nennr hae 3.39.3 ‘Trane wh Cores Hag eee {ena onde magn sae BH hci hye ‘tekst sown ig 13, he tne ung nn ecw ioe pee ‘Satine Usps mtb acai rath oun rte oe trnomer Acetobacter tener ak ie oe, dae mgt hearse cua fp a, y Bowe Scop oma nce be pec hg a ua et by ses te ens wh Le ein peel wh Te ‘tna cise tv tance Ry pl ah sowneee ene Soca noama same 5594 rer ag ns ‘stings sore snore fare cate i batt #8 om SHC aah PAN epee a= (Ryu om nein fish he windings ane ec ese hot tat oqo cae son wien ne (Sy oe &) Te i ein et x ei wi al he De er Mpmentschepins ct tse reronden toe ny Fr SSO a eset cay no oe Ungar meee Snyper eta aie iame cmp ses eines Sometele hehe oy = +e tl no ects a pt age Re a ante fe Baan 22 8.110220, 0s sgl pe, HAVA mer a age ute of 4 Coe eg cnc me 10 ie aie av ose ewes ‘suing 110 ie ae and te 2D sew ee 2 = 05 erie l nae nee ered eae ee ile forest a A Sta rae, 20 te ssa boo ee oe : seman 1 Tae sey st in pose ene el i fs be 8 no en Se icmp nent 2 or simi wags ad came i ingen hehe csi he ‘oooap uses ces ven cage pote nae pow oa input for 2 outs eed w xp nist vas Sey se ‘Sms ft has eqn empeen 4 Rate es alles Toa Harmon Ds THD) te or eae. St vege deren, 5 Ataning sil alge mpd ai, th glam pve tt {Dery an a ne (ne ea rnin Eat ch Sa oa 6 levy sin power ei st, vgs aga inet ‘hae be oo Sia e ge Set anh pat17 Te faoning fame cee Ange’ i ba ade, ety bl tony in ate come ea 4 rms in sonny a say Dowee te mapa et a LS SORES SE ti a 9, Hac come ing omer a ee PROBLEMS Se ec eee Sorta waren enn “shan ewon n= Ponda + Oe (ip pained a Sita, (Go oi 3 sy (6 Coe en eps nant ok 8 {Gb ae lpr Pe aime ye” st a (tte hare eye eipmet ‘Syne Cr al a (0 Dyan te ato Pee ny 328 (8) Drang te ns te er 3S (0) fete etn dare ao ogi ew ae 24 oi ange = VN ne pin a Tecan Peer Une aca ee 13 Re ae Smee ae Sect a0 Se nar ne = Cine eu ae 99a ‘Settle cha rouse woe et ee Stchiunec Vs est ea.om\mla 237i ey wom pe 17 Red es as ot ny ay ae re ag ‘ef cta eat en pe es mpi eepe (pede Baw sn Japs hwo re sg aa. 2 Renting en wn a en pc en SEER Spore a Pena SS ew i I ! : Rew roene ose = 0 40) ecm te is ee min eh he ra eee waa nagome tnt sie en eal 2 ant ud eam te nm 8 [REFERENCES CHAPTER 4 COMPUTER SIMULATION OF POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS AND SYSTEMS a INTRODUCTION, ‘Ren caper oy dee eo ome ‘Mipcom ere aes ‘ein tpg id4a Fonte hal me npn, ch ore ohn si tne enc ct tn neg ne lt gorse shane rset enacaahpowgy CHALLENGES IN COMPUTER SIMULATION ee un iar ee tr ht ite ion of 1 ne ie me et pen cree nn Sits epectc os soning ster ers me 2. Te simon make ove ne, Te ine concn abr we be ‘poeta opr een yes eer ne ‘Resouces mtr te enc cs te ‘ene er ne ice ‘roca een he sou tne Somnus tx eon eich ‘mre Inne teat aa snl time aly icin eet * Seto deen en ortope pwede ne ag + cot eck gy yh Bn be 3: efector net ein i troy aes sow es etl ea ‘ae hn nan ite a sly nee jee afte simaan nga nit stem spo yen a si fia te ea mse a ie {fu cecueg be emer mace i tap ee sin ‘Soc guise sxe ie sn: ne et Simpy son et be esa se Son feces ew SIMULATION PROCESS: ‘Sr erupting cs wo thoes ora sera oe ata he | (Oe une oi pa peg te ry 19 sonar ances 68 Few 4 pate 43:1 OEN-LOOP, LANGE-SIENAL SIME LATION ‘th cho ac ply tt sone i iii nay ech een tC he san ‘geo oer as eof sachin seh oyna Rena Sos eats, res Secs ete ah arenas stoi be fp by tiene Wed) tn Bese a oh eu sees be cane athe a: hero ‘hs ne cing cnn to eet fn cat age bce Settee Ts, fie on oe se 43:2 SMMLL-SICNM (LINEAR) MODEL AND CONTROLLER DESIEN Wo chs ek ergy an the omg vas en dip» ae stat mo rg) efor peta twa nae eas ‘Shae it ih aang aoe tek ae Sipe gewe inward ei sme sy he ram rao sane oles cat y Sine ate tp elo ae noe sep ‘ae hg re comma inane de seco ee a 453 CLOSED-LOOP, LANCE-SICNAL SYSTEM HEHAVION se conte ha ten desea he sempre mut ei by binge otra he cats st ie epg e an ‘cease ages nde hp The a agen ea “44°Ti ine sae mcr a ne enone soe a EL meee+4 rove we Beets Low 6 pend aco ny on cf itn Tse iting dso ae eng and ewe: on epee arse mn hac mc ee! cattle msec tes eecmon He TRSARAS ety ers spe come “454 SIFFCHING DETAILS tae pei silo pe ccivewat tan te nr stem Pee ‘EC Ry tyme iy scxoacar rx mes Nv he one ‘SSSR Selags pwer bm ae compe ss hoa ‘SR ng evict ey cto pce wn caer sy nt cn rns a, ASE eel re lod degen net AE a “Jn ner, ny or sty 58 se nsf vag sn ines ted een eae Sey SS eae Ge ea ed a cra MECHANICS OF SIMULATION (1), agent ee inc cae SST a hrc vee a Sco a ee am 4-44 IRCLTE-ONENTED SIMULATORS verte yan, oie fie ht es pain deeopg ste ica une In se sobare pugs, ot Tels Ry he ee Fier 43. Seige “ 15 SUTIN TOPOS MBO NAN ong ede pos. Te sur ney setts ea ‘Sw a we tay pc wore Dependng oe a Bey 1 decay of skcng he et of semper mee ot ae ti coma we ee ym onion oy oe eves ah pals conpes 4442, BQUATION SOLVERS Analonaie ewe fe fe dete eee 8 ‘urns by mut eis ania aon. We ms dency hee ol pe san ema pee Tew may te nay oh Stee, Ten et de ee ht omnes cee ta tle ‘Soin of enn ete: hac he eo see sh! ‘ite guts an feat iy «high ee! reagent nC FOR “TRAN ob an fsa prance fr purge Mh oie ache af egtin et ago yan oe 4-43, ComPaso OF CIRCE. ORIENTED SIMULATORS 4ND FQUTION SOLVERS Wit cued stn, eit up ine eal a to make huge he cea wig to The es ean nectar tae Stade of ean any San modo he emp Sd Sores Gal tas wa weil Is sie hsepmn he eel ‘nose mses nga cf nc se ne ong meats “Sn a civ sie, ei acme es ain procs ha cn ed toto rac ime a ete ara ewes oat py Ie aig he sae ta upto ero ve ce a ‘pov ny gue aS "uci ste or rch ge lcm hte natn pss, lncng he pion moa be hte eo atom Te ‘in orion i ne Ba ee ue no ‘Sete mae ie, aie aly muted he ial ep cas seem rep apse Snbaans fcr anda ston eh {me gw st ply a cae ay ee sar maf be ty wed the gon mie ot edn pe ates. Te Serta hee ata page Sede 8 SOLUTION TECHNIQUES FOR TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS ath hae sas nd tin les tle ile gon “inte Wit ee ape er ten oe nepal ‘seven a bev gus Te power ch at ny inc ae ge non of sine do be non es At fils equines te se ‘Sc stn, ll ac os oe ecgmiso sine ecm lows tem vais ce a fin 445-1 LINEA DIFFERENTIAL BQUATONS gona genes epee teen reat aednaneicant Mest acta Georen teagan SS siegeseemch tanta manGonee scent nce, an nate op iepiaat wecsinte aS Stns mat anaeee cee ‘Sura tme r= 05mg hs, ta decent 0) and Sipassesbttieermepeemaonsin nce Selatan minute saeco nice cee OD eo by dig ah dese 1 by Land 426 C.necn expe tem ee En Pte ek api ia amc op aa $8 a sma as he ae et 9 sg pe x= (t] mt so=% “2 [iije-t + Ingres ee aston mai Al pt vet by cc Sey Yay wen $m + ws wo eine sept de an ie abe wore-tesf owramesie en ee 5 a aie inept 452 THAPEZOIDAL METHOD OF INTEGRATION ‘Thr a ay eit emt hing he ea, 47. Hove, sls ono he, cal! ger at, wich se Po he iy od tet ropa ale SPICE od ETE “hh sx ont tepals ne (Se te ae ate Saxe es ln. 47h ssumpen fe ro og ht npn "ie neh Pg ¢7 papal ls hs meas ao et Sine we wt Sass Ae sae pes pen Sn ea poe been he ae ane Sand gona ‘ave papi ht n= mean + | TAG sot ~ 89 Ati + 8 ~ Ange — + bo) oyWes a he abn gun aetna eo = $57 Aon a) =I are ~ a =A + ba « Mung eof Ea 49 einene l=} Awe Oke he suo = I~ Lara semana aoe soo wel oy Ie ~ ane ~ 9 cong een Hoe ec a er ea wetness arr Ain AmB B= Y= Cae ale teion wt 10 in ih Mr 80+ Nig ~ 2 wan Matt Sarat faral any ot Nolte favar*qane as) esd tee nly efor es prvi i ime cho fot Sto ree et oat “cen ern ps hy ve ces wi en se Snowe bee ton Snes hr Mette xy erate ni che etn isa hl fe Seite it tl ene sami meee se 2 “ston se is Aro nga pot het wiew eu ‘iene othe arate evi ewe inl wes ping be ct ae 450) NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (1) Inorer coi ensure inal y cong ane ie 1 Soteme a me deen esate ces ol wag) an es psec cme. Anup st imate ef MOSFET wiht ‘Elie age ert oh em, itl seins om te Srna el he ae) k= mio ot as) xno -ane +6 Foren, yg Tape este egal een sv in wana tetas 00 -as-ah ) at aie te diy, Th bmn eae TEy 16 gun depen von Sch pen he rahe pes ‘th over nie son wit esa sane o eum Ont Snot et Sion telus Nee Raps Roepe WIDELY USED, CIRCUIT-ORIENTED SIMULATORS Se ecu pence ends aaa Ths ne SC, tare SABER” ac KAFAN, sane tena tthe PCE ad EMT ‘ny avast tne raged wea SPICE ot ‘Soca for sinateg end tet, eho ENT ss Srp pet ‘yom stig Bs of er wed pay, ne wih Sache oy ie SPICE 3) Pics te getter atc tg aegis eer emcee ee Spies eres aeag hemes eres Soouiemaacnen eas certane tee Snes becom eerettaer ere Pacem een Ex cocahcnmmcnanenmatan ae! ExSeo eee reennets Siem Sepeete armen fans aremenipe cram ee eres Merce e ee ori a nee ee Foon inten recs neiroa stn Sirens keer eminence imc cengree Leonie egarromamer meee ees Penne Maen isiateatiert aes Seatac tanrn ace Eatin seman enncsaat Lesvemeaeeeig nc mmemensre Berea ecteme amt ientpeesane Sac weenmieere nner poieereieepenn aac mnramene: pee oe reenter Seen rates epee ee Saran ateCapen ere 44 Cai rami 8 Sich tl we. seta emt em foe sn es se Sein reat See euitamamcrercensare ice ioe arena eee mist dronemmntetanmmacy et dase e erie ets cn MRE Se acgane gehen Nea Se ete ae ae Se eeatten en ea ane See meeniacamcarasons, Fe rnin mtg sisters oatieee farce Seine sean See mise se raiarecmas eee Ben Saemnetsn cs meee te Satreaaee een Tana iam ae 8 Meee Cnn 4662 EMTP SIMELATION PROGRAM (6) “Ae widely wed gt pun io saan rp cl EMP Eh {Map Tans opm nite SIE, hh aaron mre | Fea-cior Pspice Exazple Drove 2 4 PoreR_orone Bone 35 ine. comb 52 OnuF Seo bo sasce Yom, & 9 Puuse(0¥,3¥/08,1n8,3n8,7.Ses,1008) Ek 3 sum renen 3 2 Ge G2 8 doer ress.59 mow 4 2 1a) m4 0 8.0 “MODEL PowER_o1ODE D(x5=0.03,C90-209P) ‘monet Surzea vseirek(a0N25-65), TRAN “30us S00.0us" Us “D-tus ake ew smn ce ieics mtn EMT na ergy deed te a pve inf nce Rover Adcom a Prana Tt Po losers 0 PT tau nll prance DOS noe Si ns pn lt nb so he linc he van er sen compen ha ee se wun ne, EME ey ower pn fr en er toc pon pve ss ‘Cathe SCE he sch 0 EMTP ae eran ute ice, Whee + righ Wee, On cl fa he ao ma cme e ‘Sa ae sac ae pee Thee wy poet tly ‘Sree al oi cowaen tt cae ed nt ae eae ee (2's tinge Te ec eer oa ie oar an pais Snr cu om rec ime ep 4663, SUITABILITY OF PSpie AND EMT feces sa, Fp a EMP aw Ep hte ‘Suh a a ying as weed seg {Tso cy non stirs emma ra Maco compat et ‘en nh ent ar ape pspene soe Ping of rst fe nyo someon ee ef ao wel sl fr ‘Spoion ne sch raed peor ney. Poe a ‘Rpt lm th pou show persecuted aime cm des Op esha ESTP seer id sang hsm en ony be ci fr ety cnt sae ee 8 {hotest co en ety ee mewn oes ‘ht sceae Forte eas ed oe EMT ery we ue rag ‘nee ove chtonk yao ssn ve ee ade w eo Soa tt te “gs me of per steer ing te evan sm) slr pe sc ERT ae seis as arg power ston Te ‘esol x eg es es pay eal EQUATION SOLVERS Ite hrs an egos, on we ma wee field stn {oie doi ts Cisse ei ees whe ele at ‘Sea ie atest esi oro SS ea ogee ta ln praia oe SEES SMart shan ofr pe cin 25S clan at cyte rts ierie Howe are ee Stic ch ATLAS oso gh pag ne yf Seinen somes > satan sunens 19 ee 9 cy fen tne on ager ae rie arate Sorpk ken tememnmancemnr ae Riedaeae re edna sy Soc Rice neaiecme er tt aoe meemenacnane aie Eeocaerenioenm nenaraat Ea jone arene nmisrmacestenomans Srliccinwon oegeatn sree Eenrtreeeconinsaeoctnae he Botaaeceeen esata oan coy Henan cer Tacnmncnercnestmnna tee, et eee Sein eeahiae saeSaseUISSEISUESSIeSCOR CECE CES IECOIES OSCECECERIESEIIOEE sath sia eee wih cnt a: Wh cnt ae SSSEERINIESS" ati The MATLAB ang own Pe LEW artis Shenae shown nig 12. Tse wes shy ‘ce Pipe tne eas town Fp. 410d Oeste VN SO Soo anse nPop SUMMARY ng nt ng silts py a erat in ta ei Met aan ye, Bana nbs re in {i pratt he on bang sad mb on he "SSIin crete neo pve oto age pe EERE een esse ad cin ah se fete cng om het geno Sb PROBLEMS 1 uaa i pe 1 i ATA {3 Ug ment an 41h te st comm cae Seteinare ant r 44 Intersil 69 etn onsen 1) ee wre neg VENT. make al ms ee 19) Heme eC se i te ry ‘NODE Powe 100 DS=3e15, 5-23, DIP “Gross Asrock wre LTO (9 pec ae bal es ft as VENT 45 Tepe etl ps 48a ATC in ‘eons vg pt br Sx Comec es Soe faba treo 4 1 Se ce sn ct Fg. ee isn, es reeeasriean tna rap, oar “7 Res HATA si 1 wing be np EAS 4 se ipso, Ri 0 id tte tae 49 ett i ie 2 MATAR pg tn ego 6 et at nl ea t= ‘ni ee nem ec REFERENCES EISEN cts note seats Paar a 1 CEASE cima sobs emi ct oar ee : Rake cn sae Fone Skee wah» maa, Manes Pone es. FO Ba Ee| | PART 2 GENERIC POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERSCHAPTER 5 LINE-FREQUENCY DIODE RECTIFIERS: -FREQUENCY ac > JONTROLLED de(8) ten su ERLE Doe ARETE su memnnenans ay scr stn ee a ae es sucoscin Chop 8 tues bese ine ao es. Ie ‘TS mene he eecssup eteece (MT He ese Opt ese pers ot fasta open ei. he ‘Sou: meet wd EA Sh Sed Cha 5.2 BASIC RECTIFIER CONCEPTS ection fa sad cet come mens as Seta ‘Spe coe cmos lah be cop 52:4 PERE RESISTIVE LoxD coh tg 2m smote hm por Bee of iene Ym or ee te pct Seah S22 INDLETME Loan Sonne Sle rect roe vege, rea de orm me eet 122eosumegns 10, hho hme ean badd re beat iene dvs beeper stows meanness Pe 5 The seine peed te owe loa emo 4 wed 6 wc te tg os tin = Teng Vlas nce ae REISE emery yao coe ewe aceon icine bs ad ind ed ene ens, ‘te comn eg e”Ar = ‘Sma pte so em Te ie wh crt te fl ls sin Se benanepl Sen oer ane el dares on 3251 Tide opt Fe neing te the hove tion ee als sii we bets pe han npg a0) Effnee [Seem -soo wsif OO 2 namin se rms one mcs : 2 SNGLESNIGE now MABE ASE 84 Fr ete ga, eo oe | [eee es eo. Arp mei en gn / sett tampa ee wou aetee oo ‘Thre th stg 8 0 when aa A ~ Ba Bg 53. ‘eben ok Ra ey a eee platy alge ¢ S)Specea te ea sbowe ng 5 Thee sen ep ‘eine pres = I "ee agence ding te nee om 9, Tee, a eqprn ey tS nabs 8:2 LOAD WITH AN INTEINAL de VOLTAGE Neu we wi conser he cet oF Se wee hacen of win Siege Es es pe come ay nee, ext Tae avo gi ren gan eal © Em ens mt ow Suman hee wher cw edn ng sal 5:3. SINCLE-PHASE. DIODE BRIDGE. RECTIFIERS ‘ee sp eta etn 33. I tat se ig scpermtapeees cements Scrat ee ar ees See eaee Se hcectsgreerinemenaataer Srey Gharvie veeaoes ee Sei Lanse Sameera ec fe ent oe asec nat reticence rm csr nae Siete Syiseemd oo Ss 5:24 WDEALIZED NCU WIN Ly = 6 [stenting $5, wil aman ob a epe eS ey sean fa cost Scare sce oe i Bay Sams meray. ibd bent mec PS a {bough nse nay hr yr ree dw sed eg = de \ ‘th Scan ele ponas arco ie case Che ee erasaeeeretie EEEEEEIIIISSIES:S 4 aeran 5 UN emery oor eT oe gare 3 lind Sere t= ‘Silay, te pce tel yn ect tesa Fe. Sb Shounen cesar ni fy become wet te (GenWay oS Te on oe pe ciel Sout mde ai 9 on how Mat i ce ose stot pas Srp ios acd pa Seine benny tne no np ng oe are TS yor anne tree cme rt Ten oc So Tne ee satan econ SEE Ee ee mig oon Sasa cpine ee a conan omy ae TANS SEG a omen pr ‘Tet, eden iad he lowest peal wi ode Tat, ok Tepes teen ee oe SL ceameg 4m amin Se ees eees oe ack aoa #1 cS to he er 0 a an comand iit Ss = Wn nei, ea cont sci ey tn aco Reet : we vao= on Ss, he ses ca eeeo Bee stn ee eae oe wih 1 Orae’ ct gta eistoietotely sgn ny ng = Oi Sten ein, = VV ee oa OE vas EG 00 om wrth tan sme cs oe ho Ph. 590 dng wih ede exact. Apres define maha 9 te ‘itor ones ee ry wan by Fes i fe enamel comptes ae te Ion moe ea oe t= 2 VI= 09 om tan [O_o ats otha on ‘The amo compe ise ig. 9. Te a! amo don can esi oy 38 = sa sa or S10 Sipe ote i 3 vin icin war $i pu al np th ‘the v waveform, Therefore om Fig. 5-96, o 53:2. EFFECT OF 1, oN CURRENT COMMUTATION noe ud spe iy tl cs nett ‘eg of Pa. Se who'd pps ys nel vont ee Vivo Te opaiepeenecty stmian stem are, Fone Fra, Siow ty ny and; voc oh Frio 8 eet ee ay Sah 2m, Ou. Wen ere sate at" Basnaceae eee ‘apa Da ibe Wma Mis eet a ee Bescon de eatetnesnsny elrceasiad See ‘combing ps har che wth smi ae no ‘Seok wth in bul The na eah cen ios aié ere 3-2 Git ge oni 6 Ca ae ee mint team Oe ‘es mesh care. de cme =~ Thee ama ie (Gig de Tecate cece int i nae ae {nm pote Soacuseguns the dd pe oteg at =» toe Inte Cketoun afi 80 Te mnt we ned mg 91) a3 on iis ar ome ahve iain ht esa ewe ena el satr se een come erodes oe ijatvest Thao cman be eg ee commana {epee common Yolape she ac WF 3 ¥ 4 acwee ” we Vive = Oo: 6 ‘The ih sit ese itn cn een 8 Theo, Visa wt A = ols a0) EEE" Ineting bt seo By. 18 ad gin Se ft ae te [Vemesrna fan om ny $19, hee ae tena of te wl ig eco ‘umn mera The abv wha nepal eee roe leis oe a imbing E519 4 29 ls A= VEGI) tle ean ‘agora brace fom 5.2 At mer fe cnn ote ee om eal ca sae ad ye eee ‘tng me coreg, dae comune Pom Bg Vita wan = VV = 00) sam ‘sil fc oh eg ae fe Piipwantr osetmgecane ete, tau ae va tanh Vitanwte e006, aay eh ean ee 3 nono 1% Oca seaminne Fe S10. Og he a vee f Vina 20 ich a ein Af veaeates- tf Viranwae a Sting. $359 tn. Yor 0s, 8 gas, hy, om ‘ee etn nthe seg pe by 3 fon an RA Sy, sam ne tat iri ne it $10. dn $80nertk 1 PKENEY BE MAS ewe Sahn er wah inh cenentin pos, ri t =O Fi. $14, de Dan ae nig at SOLER Spondias Seren oc nbs Sas in Te eS coe inf sso ac wo conmanon cone a PEELS uoemon tc eA ites ose righ comme Testes nae oon mtn fe es ces, W m eS Se i ee Sint age common oa st jeg fo thei nel eon na et i = y= l= Bing iceman cen acetate, cert nar core m7 SSLLTEL Spa pei tes ob nc cee page 18 tenes nie Se dmc sone ne sera. 16h an ean be wit fm Ep 18 Vt [aan fants 029 tte Me oe: in ing a 0) = ly Tei Vigna oa owe BE oo ‘Asi cormation ake ace ne al cc ej 8 en 0 te escort the epee lt eed cae Ly = Ova, cctdio by 210m tr 008, Toecoe mie pmo rte wenge ae ‘icant ctl, owing he yeaace es nay by $25 hese ‘Sa6aemaiel, neem ae, by ngecing Pi aE we owes oe ‘thd cb oc tb at am eps ca ws) 5693. CONSTANT de-SIDE VOLTAGE (0 = Fe Next, we wl cone et sou Fi 6, ee pte a be SEG aes oan isn pti score o ig wha ae SSW Armen eb [etic mctmng omhoog 5 Unie tenders eluent Coo be wnt i See Won wena sy ean topo esis The set ‘aces nes, bead why ars pate Te see bones a ‘Pete te when tp 8 hc ee and meso eh ot Te ora emir oo el ty Wika genase eng ea de mest on bese ye eg ced: The el cbt fam eum Vem VE te 530)ew 36) er i esi og sna i spr omnes Fm sooty he went 3) 2. Wenham owing nag en vee t= VB) Ve 6% ati on oe : Goat om ee 9 Races a0 0 $37 sin iifoviane-rian om A ments ge mwen ct he o- fPoviraner vacuo 0m emepend bats A= Bini Ss |. Teagan tie by iti jt en gO es 1 ste ove gen et pres, fl spent on aie of Vga eae To pena te nosy ven wo ge Ne aS yd ae we ke so seers cae wil ow hee vonage a hen te eh Fallen te steve pectoris ne is sown in Fig 17, hee ee ‘sherbet Sn.lontes une anEQUENCY aR ECTS S21 Rel Charcere Te grotto of esi cag = Vay eee he Tome ba el cca of 33 et elo wee aed a pind sensme Reon Pe 93k eine oa Cos a ‘mitutonistsmsen tuners fra na per ten ‘Tinted cane que pled scant ee road Seehtopcte sein et agen St ambi (Beceeot oategursy oe ek Pren’ 7erpsiae t ee S18 Tl arma tin DIF a PF he ie a ANGLE OOF ANGE RETIN 9 soe ch a geo) Fr en ala nein i te Tere ee ager techn ee ig Sand $19 ow tt ‘Se Trem imeed (win men wer TAD, ie pone cts sn toes ingen ct ee 534 PRICTICAL DIODE BRIDGE RECTIFIERS Having eam sine cis x evn eos, we em ey 2 Comin ail cat fig 3. whe en nF 9 3 Te Wa fesse an een estore Ry ti cl, i se > SiG" Acteurashamornintg Si0cetecndy pity serennes ropa hw Pape How ocala ‘atin ic ects {$241 Amy Caleton ude iy Deena Carat ‘Tecra cdo ie std rea nigh econ il tee waver a Fig I why gs ho wrt hetow ene ee fej, Then ee eesti 1 conte med weasels ‘St cena ig 530 les sve ean tm set een a Tat cs eae aes ode he pia ip $21 te sae ile cher ene ‘sot and te cr etapa cc blll ne een. ee wots entre ws sari eee” and pete le 321 fiaCour sue rege ae HES (0) <1 When ecu Hing ag 1, <1 < fy he ‘eon lon thal oc ine he ong eins ‘Sete crt ery ballet ie Been bel Ri le tae oa weet gS comer ow we KYL And KCL he Kaeo og carts, Rearagn abe (Sits nie ste wae dg 9 Pyle elo Ki-fgJu oa Tere win ne ido tp 49) (546 sig ps $11 dep 413 ee tape le of ein es sco = Mas ~ 80+ Mat = par) ony (0) 41264. ing en 1

Trex tit me ag re tet wh ey a Bech ‘Siping: dst eons ot more Tong Seite tetoes aap mone Oe og AE Pao ‘Fey ah ng! ane sour ea aS pm electing pose es oie wi ale hi claves, Be pt owe Pi sqalte capa pone Pe “mt, katte oa 1 tania whet fa par ane ces ‘are eronay unge o 0-1 y song yo 8 ich [Westnet ter ugh he vege np caret awe he eee ‘los tsa spa sat tt gs Ese ee ee ‘Sriyton eu me An apmrie Se pta em 1-82 BOUNDARY BETWEEN cONTINUOLS AND DSCONTISLOLS CONDUCTION Ne tah we, ne wiley spo ho eine a ect ee a at ce on cing ‘ikeeie: see common ct cnamcs ah Pe Sass ne te ryan, Bogart iy twas so wd nano as 7 ti ar cme, per oa eof pe Ca ne whe sr ee os 1 bh ee 4, Cte ba o SN ep kag cae4, an Die ne pt are ade ee, he nee a ee ‘Semis tos an yes opt oe Sone $2.3. ISCONTINEOES-CONDLETION NODE Dap nie coe ce pe are 7821 Dixon Contin Made wh Cnt nade ca at “Se YD, he were nec Sve eg fhe oto sode- ma om tS inguin, find at Fig 7-6 ss a i a in oe | sip on st poet et ee its on roma 7638877 a= Minna! =D) en ‘es vue lca in he venues me. Le ‘he tole cote eninge alge of ents Cmacion F Serhan rt me pc tet ‘hit us pont Seve hye a eles ger) hw eee Serer mitarene nowy Snr pon r vn mee i wae ce oe i a Ineralo.Ap, sin yl oe reo a hee nae = Hamm seMss, =o 9 tee D+ 8,10 Fam Be 2, =o 898, neta 1) fay) =" 0s, oie 110) ea = nM: bing 7) oy 2 Oe Tadaa gue 1 shone pdm coment caceri nth ne option ‘eraconant Teg nN, Uefa ses hes ody ang E79 4 17 Te ey Pee ws ‘Se dcoumons ne sown ye adel Caren vaed by By YP 73.32 Dicanoun-Cotaton Made wth Cort V, naps sch reputed de per pes abt ep ovine ty Yb, be ae i oh ee ee eon union 7.18 Sons tf Vet cot, mam fy SH oeTso fee a een apg = 0 eV 06 coun type Rea wold se Tomb id od 2 A Diane 2) ‘eq i a tno tae a. 7-10 1 a oe ‘SES te Scotavn concn noo rho Sg Eeovihems tae ute nbc fl H an ' i me dy Dns me i eed ai 1 ai ras fut lapeg co Te hd Bowtn cma ste i ‘tee owen wind ag oy 728 fl a) S34 OCTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE ae evn am te ceca edhe ee 81 il = bs UE fsaesee erp esp ge whe pt ue capac be i Sted na SSUEaie biltay mer aap eewens st ar t= SSS SST err me tla ea oe is iP Tiomeens ann cayeag Theene oe ave ee t 2 om Pe 7 date a ompeaenaes ‘satin ff 72 ee evs gation ges a “yay te MDa off) aan siti es f= _ oa urn 7.24 tow tt te og pl abe ined yctig a eer nf a the rp he poh ff Ab, Be pe ‘tpn te up apo ob tt nee op ct ‘Sons wk Asia snare eo rte Seti otason "Wel ein sicher apes. he pecege i ne cs ge tse oid 8 ke tn, eure Thee nSjn athe peste toon suming =, eau em Seep ig co he oct Bp Ber co STEP-UP (BOOST) CONVERTER, Figs 1 snes + aopap cere mi poi i bed de post ‘ops and the mgt eng of mo AN be sae nee a ‘ee Seas ener on pwn hw ah: de ‘Cros hare cas sape Te eps bi tee. ‘Siete aerogenes ey om ec wel ‘elnino et ps bed See lp cvs act wings = Fe J-41 CONTINUOUS-CONDLCTION MODE. Fie 72 Sort stays wate fr hs mode of condi see he Inc fow oat Ys) = ‘Shetouraty ate ove mg! of ent vlog ov on tine period Nan +p Ve 8 owe Ht Sip dete cme, lever assent 8 For 712 tinea md ihn otal ving th es by Fan erage yl wp oa old BOUNDARY BETWEEN CONTINUOLS AND DISCONTIWOLS, eoNDLCTION Figs. ows waa he ie ston econ. yan, Slime, acoso hea he anal Thane oe ne corer ncn =P) twinge. 726 3H™ Figs 42 Spd oer he hom ennai sping tn -pcomerke nine ehe ptamete the sow n= land sas Ey and) hr eS tre ee pe ane dr ae f conn coi tae Bon - oP om) Mot plans och 4 pp cee wed oar dh ¥ be nt SS Kee cons ly yl ag Fe 1 te at es mina wba = 08 cae ow tgs main B=} = 038 omy beet een ey wt ian Phan om tae ow Fe 78 hos ac fra pe wi oa ifthe eae canes: eb ganic se int ea elo he cet TH) DISOONTINEOUS.CONDLCTION MODE “Tosndenan ae cose can nde ma, He ald ne ae ‘Stal ows sts na even gh ete, D 4 snc mast cosunnen 15 fos so wo en ree”, Lee ba esse ae ee Sean sem en ft ead vy ok ep at, 716 compas navel etn cw con Sconce sy ts Taf 7 1b he dicutinoscomecudie cen deed P(-P) eit ety nn oe InP slower vant lees doi py Ves winre tia TY eget egal hence alge nr ot ee as, Yt, + Ws = Van, 8 0 om Fe 7-1, see tc wih a eu oe rio + 8) 38) ng 735 te orig eon yi (Eos om npr leon an tes eae oe eon ‘imme eget be meat Draconis Sis, Bye ap 738737 and 3 wer nF 718.0 plod fn oun tenn ous ed ocaneseont tae cin Vet col ig ah vehi ne warty, pe sue: ome pony cp ain ox ‘Stunt ema tc vote wel tn ln ery Ma ‘bs be alco ry pic meen Ya near ‘Sato dingy hah vole fe Eaampe 7a erpay ces, ay sate eu de cps Th ne oage vats nie ng as 0 The ‘Ses pe! np 90 Fru emo tied al soe Seppe nk Sasa tee ey © unig sone nC a ey ap, i te minum ae Sotaon ns comer Vs = $V, 7,20 tle = HOWHBY = 23 ‘A Toile mater al of age he cet ein coin, ne ‘insane na he excene peng conten, te ner carat a eee a eng of (12-36 Dana geo 5-025 eomspong lee caret ods ning om ng ennesFt iat, an Fi SU Ta the mal ae 8B 098. a DS ini = 078 85729 8 at eas ot Toenfre = 9 ul we, sor pete wl ewe ie of Pinan may bed . ae THR EFTECT OF PARASITIC FLEMENES Intertech ok ee Fe. eat oe tel ce js egestas, Urke he Se, fees Vl cae she ys ss ny oven oe eh win i wy na Sc 3) es {isc eed re fovea, cobras) Sn ‘Po on compar fr png sch camer 143 OUTPUT VOLTAGE: RIPPLE ‘he ete pin pat la an el by os he me fem sownig frac econ, Aig he ope ‘ncn the ne eet ys enh he ipa eae “ae ow ema hese So se ne 9 Tops cre ‘howe, the pesky ge epee 39, ~ 20 aig se= DE bees = Rane ce) oo saa amas nero fre Seon mea eo, AUCK-BOOST CONVERTER ‘ein ptm sep downey pike comer ep Pere. eee yop may dee wh pet Be a alta lap ale np ecg es eier eon ‘see oe Nha create ty asec oe cones Se sep avenseett ane pce Ia at be a (SEs me tomer see ut eto is he a “Sn unig tt ne a oer ae a 29 0 tt B73 138 can ‘isso opr ekg eh orhwe ane ps alae, ed on eat oD “The senate comeson of he sup dos ad he sep coments can te “aid esp Ik comers 78. han he ch i Tara ‘de eso edn. he wi yn an foe wim 7 ey bh ang» esiagy eer o Neem ai 12 on) ying Fi. 728, we Hn at he on eon EY ane nein om These, he dea fo 7-71 Ss) eam ony ‘rl he ye Dy eh pu fas Ta) Dint=Dy tented 0% By th ping ye, ec nF an Vo i Fi 728 mB Fant Tal apie. Tho, Ye Van Yar = Ds Daks = 2D, — I, 8) Sting, ow ty 772 Eg, 7.8 ys = Et em 9) so rmpce aad EER 18t Fire 728 PEM wh ripening tee A lg = cmt Teun saws i sii coe, i 2 72 tn a ooo, erces sian Tine ae ess caching gy ene ae ar vl cg Pa,esl ake te he ay iD ag, 7.72 can vy betes Od eet on pte ta a fag Te canbe ny “eesetma font ae, ear oee oe "Taner oe et an eter pie eae Fes aie of 1 edoig ocean be ah ote sep, shown a P72, EasSecdceae pace feat mse 1 te, <0 she 1502 PWM WITH UNIPOLAR VOLTAGE SWITCHING Annee oie 727 son gues fe tie i = i To eta Seu = Oe hom TR oper Gt ‘Spates ‘nig te in wage Sn ining lca eugir man comp ih he tg as Sgn afc oe i ry he Soa By Comp Yan Wy he owing RT: ue gent ini 19 Demi 72 Somnay fig. T24 heneké mat yD, ot awh en STEPwise, Smt tony De 8) Dest=Dy Taw om) There fo 774, wih ho ab in a ce, (20, ~ 1s 2 ra os) ‘ee, serge ua lage i eight ae thet vag onhing theme nl aes ly i ee "re Sea fase ca wacom an be cn cong 1.2 Dwi <0, repeal nee poe bok ce ‘Wee cg ener of eer a ha ae wo FM te cio he tea vae gr in erp vlan ‘STie amr wopute tac ete aching fee fe Spt ‘olunteer TS sa es aap 7-4 Io tye ed coven, gt cana copes ot by pg ty aah af ee ee 239 FAM i cle vetg i. (0) wi itr og tig nd (PRM whl age vcs (a) Cig PM ip age eihing Be waco fe apt ve even ni ake Feros» waa, need ft abe Tea DS tetinagac Gn) of be pr lag Vow Ve os tn fe ve wt V, ey 724By wig eden ofan lc an ip. 7. 74741, nse Shere cope op age Vie Bea VOT 80 ce¥isiom 2 ty ancane Pe oma tenn (© sg PL wh np lage sng, aor of tage ‘ra gona 28) Toft mace ap, ear ee 4 eB nme mn 7 hom hg in = VEDI, cones 790.046) Men, wing Be. TAD a 748 Van = Wiig = Vio) yc ® D281 08 < By 1 AS rn ah 018 1, ae liam Ti Gay he cary arse otowny edna se 1 Sanh cnc Taonga V8 13 ses tht wih esa wing ny PN wi ge vote hig i # «le mesg cong he wage Pia 298 fo hl tie weg PEM ean ming) le de—de CONVERTER COMPARISON ‘ey de. se hh ih en me i Podice coy aren volug under ere Aae pe emene ‘te os bens poe fw mare a eon eee nee ‘lone mer, Ta cng opera a us fhe Ve peas + ‘recor acd art eto minnow 2 ‘Stoel in Chaser tp cone opaue al organs oe ‘Sthepdeot mea cn ws beeen |The ase tet td ge miu vu Te le ie ince cme i ee i) nmin pers 2 Te a aig ma) va Te eo ‘icasimat beh deni ~ ‘wit ering sexy pertinent he ih pa alg ng E,Dinstie wh tae pened Pcie ed SEE ng pangte ater eerie mentor enero iigibutitiacatitacise soot5 mnie fi recone he ich inten act aa fection hay incense pach Tye WE He be el se aon sn pr Hs man ya Y= Vn ‘ectiey. INTE nin fe ma comer al al ‘Seer. awl ue vgs copa he oe Sitar ct meter de sed Saye snc ap ‘eer ond ely bedi fe gest opnan © re SUMMARY nis cape ro acter elope a dodanie ie ‘Se ep re a pec, oper ning gna ce Sot vue seees pl, sown ows ow ol itn ny comer coe nh i apr ct Seep nines vlog a at gun ge ae Smlaty in a ‘eeemed 9) i pet a eat cama cue along 13 pede ven omens delaras be eo shoe Be ae {it 47% Ft ED Mee 38 Comers nin si ot oo (Pepa appa oh a: eae nuns 19 Inatconsener te ting se dest ae sno ducati he vate bo aap se ete cceat e, aopdees Gs aloe) ‘el sep up cantare eg tur etree cee and asa at Sou fom he osha eamtnaton tn cpsuepay ta Cok even he eter een ou wares Wh ne prey ve te erp x eumpl to soap ure oped youre ae ‘eopdountopsy one "lepntetssnee even ow of power tg ot ti eo ‘swt hou dedi img 78 Thome ha pte TURP MIPS! amt Dy spr soem» uepdowe coe wee ow {rar tom he ometoue heaeolencave sae On be et tan rb ‘Tate ae a ad i ed pring sent ep peer ‘SG ow of power some aie ae swe ee Sate PROBLEMS 1 beep coven ot lcm bee Ut Ve lm SY Se yh Se an te 12 Gosia omg fee Aone, 3¥.f,= 204 = Ml and = OF ‘Sle Sfp t= eevee =k 25 ete sea ve epi ah es ra 14 Ime A, pa can a 25 tn ci BY pp, ae og 290 A 14 tne imumenet sien iC oe ‘ere gm =i nase a {epi Sah ba Ce ig “air Cate 3 peakpeak 19 7 ea em i deco on ee onc BN = O5A.L HOHE = OD HF a=1H Ren 7 ae 3, pepe tne ig 0.2 a a ‘epg = Sloan sw bp ean Jie Cate iets Gathers Sek ee 20 Pt ee Fa ab Gi hig eg a {.¢ = 04h at ‘cox converte av Mecho ol mle 79 ae de ca ain Sg ec tae tS tM pt wg hoy = 85 Oman Eee ie panama ee 20 fe ti amg Sareea metonaees creeate wT aa 12) Ryton 729 i ae nt 132 tet acon Ppt ig mia be Le Stes eked 12 teen toe 5 a enn ene 13 angry nd ag aren oor 7 PAM ‘cag an ss ip er ears eeor Semee Peri a. Mona 3419 [REFERENCES sth a te omer ht, 2» S'S hs Pen So Fe Sy Thay,CHAPTER 8 SWITC ODE de-ac INVERTERS: de @ SINUSOIDAL ac a INTRODUCTION282 cuarten ssw W0e cas HERTS do SAL 2. Sige pater hd cotinine wit ig Peele eyo wel be epee ad ec of Iver vloe hen ng i it othe ote oma ‘hip sete men a tp ma ose Yn ace Se up tage vip he sare wae) Te, me con ‘elastin ecg wry i salepbe ete Aether 8-2 BASIC CONCEPTS OF SWITCH-MODE INVERTERS is cin, we wile he pen he one iene ar ‘ng ones gl pae sere tice show a ak ap as Inf ta met oper slug ce err ee atone ane ‘hess Sine he ener anne a ha te eel Ingrown iy 88 ae Ot aca ig 13 se th Sg Inala Bo pete tern drs rl, ae OO sepa Ted arog bons a mans pow po fn he se ee, ean toa ere f Speci, te ont ee pak oo Belg ec ta td ep et etn These, te wane eet Sig mat copie peng Pine rove nig edo enh elect eat ers 3 Sige pe = Fie tt eg eth a Sich 2 sqm ert wi nine Chet 7, he wes shore ht i ese of e727, eer aca ee ‘ity pate be cin ls Toe, eo ‘ag meer fr ean A nee ny 9 Ade dees mee ‘ng Sedna dead hoe camera oat ‘et egal be sna at me ea 8 et ‘iets brat ot ee tal ao we vilGotgnee eat age noma ae et os {pu wh pl ape ad com sage aoe ‘towne qe eve wari ss cao he PHM Sac hoes 824 PLLSE-MIDTIL MODULATED SWITCHING SCHEME We dice he PWM alg de neers Cage 7. een ‘ital sco var ie wnt wih epee Se ince wages wave ote gen: won sine. Cong ‘ch ny mr ray awe ea eugene ime cet PWM mee np, sn mace on ne AAR sims wit ded ery noes ‘ang orc ig. eich open fone Sey hes cea ach oat ecm Is, ch he ed nen fn See en pe Uta ee onsagtet rcpasn at fe ee wile» pte ate wet sl wal ans cape eons Te ‘Heoesotf The ands man rn, ote i Saab he kate Sut ig The ep ye ipl pry eespee Pole moi, Te fue moan ny eed gre 6 Sm PEMUsing pal 5 de Kosi gn, Bo sw athe ee ig Segre sca de ng tran = Sent mesmo oem, = 10 we, Gun=n mate a “sich stows ht in» dui PW ape of Me men cy ‘Eos oy gran = 10. a 2. The harmonic in the eres aut slg wiv pen and, ose wom he eth opens at ae sahara SSS, Snoe Ta el pense oral sm there RL eas main n= 9 each hay ee, ney ey i pour Sn hms anv m et y y Sa fet ch yc Tayo gem wh = m2 ot the mec ee comes eh seb of ie egy ar amek on ster te Ramet fry ch 0 k= 1 Fat al vais fj te ‘Rone cue ony reer ao Forever en oa eee a eer e ecient ae anys See or ecient cosetaeeete Sc ee eee tae te oo Wane ade 10) “re 1:1 sows ht 7b lle so cay and eatin oe sesame spon napa evs a me 4. Ta hamuncm shal bean doer Cn ma anoint hs panedsymmey [99 fo ze bales = Eevee agin sboes ie Ph wth pod farm 1 Tato “ed rast pea en ans apt ee ae wi? ew on cca en sea Feta ae ‘Sheer ete eh em pct eed a y ile Cae Hari of be La ne a a aT Bes an sat 5 By BE 8 BE sonia 33 ae HP ae is 23 eS 8 Prampleb ihe cutoff 84, = 30Vo my D8, m= 38a te ‘andl eee 4 He Calc alee fend eee ‘ola td sone fe dit asin ae Seon Frm Tae 1 me alge eye in Fineneaa —(h = HOGT X08 BONY Wah = 0609 C0 = NY TDD He od 10809 0818 = 98 tHe O/adn = 100? O22 2830 Me (Wao = 1607 O3te © 3831 V8 He Wim = m7 ose = 3031 ¥ Ac Now we ica heen of te uth ey ad the Reueney me so im Bec of eee sng Sone aap at ih fetes. ne wes gh somthing funy pul ee te ‘Sec dt Swing ass nee sic ses eps ‘wits icting apy Tat, pscton eg eget [Sek et enn © HRs 8p ee UA ee de ‘age Fe cpram hing ewe ae ol ew eam)ur ut beset ine 62s ng, te inde of nog oso te wae outed ate fae ave wh 020 {peur Telos toe ope spon, hn ma hehe {et pnts an np ehh 3 Ihren sac yay Deen na ing mec thr Sete ober ua Dre un 0 ecg ec er (220i The dere ints ewan ng wren il nd he let vlgs sds) Row ge my te cece ey 21 (RUC ae wee eae ge ad sy ut et ‘ian, Hi, ved tar pte fu ome ah Smal mim 2) 1 Spc PM. Fa sal a fp ag wae ead ‘iCal spl shad be enaes en be Gece PO ‘Moonta Fig fe eyes PWM ree tm a yr Te ‘one og spoon Pin corr PUM ‘Stale inepe te stron be amet eq) ‘op wate nam pith ss tt eng eon ‘epony ve win te cet eer fee (eg he ve eae een) wad hws he Fone Yn 8.4 He amg = 18 ‘ong ave fuse bade eum 68 2 = 981.37 2 sind bean tage. Reda vy. ewer ei en oh PE mi te ne. $24 Large my? 2) ‘he ample fare eye PWM al a vas in The tae ransom myncener POM can tad nee Wwe fe mpi ant hyo Shes eS (lng sn nieve 0 ogy es Hower Be lec iy sd wos an aoe, irons at roe 0 Sey eae a me cee 243 Oven, > 1.8) Inte pei usin, ae sad a 3. casing sia Ft ne near uge Tero. of eine egy es ‘ae ry wate oy 7b ge om, = 10. FW es te hrc igh mp ns moan he sci rey a mal Teeny o ssa ae of ua WM ete ‘8 dnc ae saseum ae mp Be fame eesy “Sopot nont gh neh, T tl og fe wes he ‘Sprvomge mtr of 83 "Tote te eet of fondant gncyconponain te copa ag med bend | ng wt eal creda, ‘Srna csr ope eget) ms aoc ee fn compl wi tn wih my 210), town PB. Te ‘Rowocks wih Siamese Una ey oY Gat ing Fier Hara de rn ane bm, = 28a = 1 ee Se tee ce Satan meats ee cine ae Seria ape Sea cctassirerens ta, se Eotuecicp sauacte spoccinan aa en ga anos ut rmmentonaie ‘mons Ph apne eds mest eens ey oe Smee omyAs lb does Chap He vermin ‘em past sppestesine nonce samy eon een hime eset apt aes ety gale ome nee ag on eee rc arn be le whe omoaaaen etme 2:22 SQLARE-WAVE SWITEMING SCHEME Inte sare yoveswihig hose iho eer fp can er Sohail eo) oars cup feu) Ti ean apt eae ‘Incl dena Fg. Fs! pa ia ea ‘sl ery thm open Ge ee pm a any Eh ae seaman sn nye oe mF 9. to be 1s sin ‘ang esetsninfy aes igre The he opt ‘Sige s oben of te uncon mgs on ng Sei maf ne eae at ee {totes nies ply tv ue end tet Oo tha dietanag of syne wore aga ler not ape ‘Saige pepe pte Tt nn ag ee Ime be Ed nat tel he men oe et aa pe a) a a H b+ eve ot sya iin: . 83 SINGLE-PHASE INVERTERS (E31 HALE-BRIDGE INVERTERS (SINGLE PHASE; Fare .10 swe ble ven He, ae aos we eee {i ote ep anns cn same echoes es ‘Shovmay Sete ncn aio i ‘Stave bs Tees esc eal so "Asmig PM acting ad ha et ang wae ib easy sia p bb bata moa ype se ssh sas sed thetwocapios Ce ach ae egal ancy kgs ae dca ‘When, emit. ots png na ce cae 1 ely beeen he ro cea oa wie be ei ons (Sie eter?” conta pring oa don and ps ane ‘ever he tu cata Therte he pon Co and € et “ent ‘Secret, Tsao ny ea oti 10 ‘jes mpc ‘Sheet ow oh peta cnhaaon of Cw Cnn tse aaa et 4: cogent Thre se pn a ar ln ope ‘hs singe leno ttre ssf mye ae "ma a ut pao oe cael cn Sa ce ty ‘ing fc sms nol te oad a sat ne "afr aap danse Sen pe bln es lesa er pea ine came a sm 163-2 FULL-BRIDGE INVERTERS SINGLE PHASE) Ae eho Fig 81. Thinner cami te ee ies (he pr tan nS and upto eh somerset one ge Wiese & spt wae mont age te Fier 0 Ha neueyh Z ere 1 Sige ili nee, a ipeimens tue tt eae, Ths np att ee sence Marines oe sinners onc rae ‘Sree Athencinde Saat an s 201 PWM sh le Voge Setching vga | Hee ay peste sea SFictetmy he oe seg: eto a A Sete be pe ‘te tne omcleg vert Sern 8-2, wc eter these mae Sanson ya Pi Te our terre 88 age ier 232 8M sk ate age mang fs sQcie tse moareRS ats ee Ap rae oe To en em iT a ral nl an rll ~ nd Pit aw ‘ev wareo nF 12, Te i cai nt a Stn #2 te ‘Se nccy ev cement pet tn PO ath Tee mig ethinesten iis Ban mate ims 1) a vectvetty rio am Inf 8.128, nobel abe wats een + vat: eT tenon wy spel we aaa POM wa mee tai bh indy ey sage {Esa 82 te lisse cn f Fig 1, Ys = OV, ‘nyt hom= ane een fy He Cae he es 3 tnd fey vlad seo he oma hrc Be aa tues PH Spar eae ois hone Sed, Solon fom E81, bros i be bn ymin de hesiac tT il egy ere? Tow ‘cigs yea his en aan £2123 x 0s SIV a 1S He 1213 <0 wer wa He Sie Curent 16 termaew k ah esdecet n PAL pesto icy hee orsmpei feta igh ue es wile ete ede a ate a na ssn nig 818 The onan pen sted Teapot ly Tai ler oe peice egy Soapsts in a ee ler omg La Cee bo ea sie ‘Sp fips a nn nyse me ss egg Si (SE nec soap loi ene pene st Fi 18 pane me ds ca toe Vine an fe nd i town in ig 1, the ane mane eae ten ‘he nip co we eas wold on ed bem Vitis 6) way ne 8 te al by le ‘ee ads Le Sa i ie 2 hcg eee Compo in inand quel yom of below bogey ad econo. “Seacng at oar td Mn vin unans Vines =6) 3) din=thie = "ani= 8) tes tn 2 Satin) 96 hens i tan Sl om te em atm gn th pi a te ra Se sheet ee cas se tee ie meeted Sent oe 9 seeLE SE MNES 215 ee 4 Te die coma seg gh i i POM et yaaa 2 tn pte gen. ein pti ni ges Bingo iment ras Nery ug ned yc tir ype genio ed oS ip es Se tn ce ndcomu gsi nce Siete te oro rene th Tw nc sn pe bert Set Gaps Sn ng ne ‘ey rete) he oe ee Ey 48, one ant sree fu es s&h rst mone ‘See te fmt ey he er!) ate ‘Seite fer comets aed hen Ca ear sa {ete Cpe ag gh wpe np ee Seems cw sei aoe 4322. Pyat wt aptr Vag Sing {PM wi alr as ing. te hes he oe of Ineo, it uch snc evs POM hee How he ep Ana Be he hae mente eet yap "eit net ean tapes Arsonn fg. cooper of SRE Stele ht dt Yam MeTas ee and ay =e an Pesmpe w ote Amp ep ee tan {Use Forcensling eg Bsn Nou apes ne an angi oem whch ee lining a mee (Cnn)? a Tas oF ad ae =e a0) CRS Tp oe aad me26 aunay ou patty Stet one ses wip aap wie. erm eer heat ea te aro i my he ls fy Sis Sart iteg hasan on tae? wma ans ene os, oro = annea8 ‘og By 185 and Tbe 4 id tervals: Ale = 2my~ 1 Sor 3828 Me: as = OSI x 21213 = 66.60 A= by 0 127 or 18H iy = 0314 «2128 = 6600 Congr of itr age ating wh Mp age eo of ‘cangie inoue Raabe eae out 2 ne focal, Hever thelr wae rich, be dominates vlog ‘ced cess eligi spun lower amon eB de Sie Caren Unt end san ae oe fg 13 fe ‘inten ate thing Fe bso eds cin fr te PAM ‘Sepa sine cage ne’ wae" Ten tm 1 re Bg Sp nt, Ty come es 816, ea ng PHM wi iti ge ing es in-stent eure on ee ie eae, 1482.8 Squire Wave Operon alrite ine can aoe op agua mae. Be pot PNM ened ett Jenene me te one se ero ee ‘on Tye) aa a) a ied op mtb yo FO ‘Ace ve te ae noe sa ops eae vn ie ce bean eae yang bpd ape wand 0 5324 uot Coney Vage Cane Ths op of ona i ese ay a See fe, alter ceet.e ed combo ae an cng al PWM i ipl age ‘tn Inca ete svc nee eid Sci rh pl eg! Belobo yan omnipage nc cole ing eon Irate pet gee ess er Bap we th ewe este pana th PREM ipl yelage owiching. eur BE eae cy nts REP) getters: 6 rnd hedaman Rae soe ee seme pais om ois ing on. With a =. hustle ‘ovr Wie min por fanaa vp sop, “ Nivea de e dae on he tons fae compen he ‘a age ems B= 9 tas ston ni BS fp = 2 vat oa. Svea) wm i = 90° fad hia ine Fe 7 hms vin th indies yen semen re enn oT oe mrs eh Seeman ach ra ata et ‘Benito he inion res compent hs eden Breas o's ge Gren, Bese a ten dade fr ge vas8225 Switch Citi Fab de ort Sato tp eee ates a he up of fa pe tere cere eae nee es a ot ele he pet ae peo ctl ne vitng who wed Sepa soln cet ing ge age era Ow tev ow Fhe (339 1526 plein te Sgt vee Ott ‘he ple ine eee wae eo eee Neen incaamone lial cms ee epee mpc Tiare a shows sneer ver sane be ‘pin atone hh stow yao mgd eae {fos astra coum estan foe md) ve Se) aso te Stott op oem p e 8 Gran ena ey nthe i compe i any Se ee er epee bis «seb cit he inca Fie te spl Eeguny, opie. el fg cmp stant of bomen soar ami ci ‘esac rem nts pe mc dp ty ce anon a Pi Vos Ye = Be 640 yee $8 Spe nn ea em gs pes Mpa tegen tps hinicrntepe ae dron Ae itt epi cl atl i pe erection” “ a he comand rl gin, "Wino ey eine ng = Bin BAA le ‘hee tl od 443 th a im pend he poe anes he ra i ‘Amex. Sesh cut ee meer poe #1 sow herp caren os PWM cv vey. dng Fb, 10 a 19, be sen tny compe neers pe rls ee en th rr PN Ise) Tie PA verre ny eel PE arse rure-nane meer Th shws Se she fee bares Eine oop ine shin Pease ee fucy ng ee inerrant Sa rn wel gen eo ee esr misc ier Te” ere cep Bee ‘Pecos tiny, ede ato ee 4331 PUSH-PULL IVERTERS Plo 820 shows pfu ere ei 3 ome i pes par We il nny an th ce ows etsy Sia it a mF toto at {Fe decen f= Vln eho ne ome st oe he rime a ate cy wing atom 2. Sy ve n (eae ne = tae A ppl ome ine ered wg PONE wt ‘beg nd lie ens The ope volage og equa team meio oO Ina p-linenee ak wh whae ae i Went nal os) emit he att im a one ne scm ey nat tie, Tes en sec ep coe fvatocigz etch ry, th he rage Seas at ‘ncmich ie wd um ena ton nen cy. A SeWh Yam be ok lg an cae ang a eich, he combine ‘i a he kts nner fe ee Valor ol 0) “Tsou enon fran vo sg ae ive, wl ‘ny coop en cs gas nse me of pert e ad p (Gis cant swch ulti oer as # arn) ow eter a Vee Vame f= Vile Vom See? Muumensntcheticanin = =018 6 Fatt : Veet t= hme zhgtim 24 5 sme sine = =O aD i hw ht hie hen i ‘asim switch ation ratio = 2 = 0.16 as rac, i etnies i 1 he ‘sigs ec) ach gee ancora oy (Shem vc cure ag ins PWM ee ex woo eo ake [nomena alot ape me 3 eee pt ‘Snide wicca noon te rete ay tee ‘Sty sah wea. Tar sue esnton at pce, mele ‘shay arson Oe sd “A oe eu veanjres cong ithe mama nope ih ssliton deer cay eed dha ng PHO swag ih y= Tova ratwold ana seo fis ogee sae seco ernt.m = 10) “Tele, te ee uch aan ain PM ong ny ia Ina eampand wt sina square ene wy 1 Exempt sig as aig PD nee, ys irae of ess Ves vag eared et 200 frm ‘Bn cemented ls Cs he os ae etter ay ea be Vin= Vax t= 188 ‘Te matmun are wimps eden) aden ™ 200 10 = 2160 VA ‘ere, foe. ‘Soh isin aa Wain Te Hs ON ‘THRER-PHASE INVERTERS, nappa cha iors over wes anc mst is de se Sen Soren eon Se an rome a» Fotmen ea pce 157 te nea er onsen ea ‘her Tho hs unearned sas se egies ‘Seca dep pune panes hse Se mir, he ty eb Mon "he mc gy de pe ee cic mis a ch fae shown i P21 Exh err np sul oe da ‘eager Scion Ter fe ‘ange fy a ses othe seve bu en nya sec Pere 31 Teepeoy wero im, > 1) mess ov esos ore sl my st eeepe es Sita tet owe netic, ems)" 375 708 Ben Soe tee Tichams ent of ie ee cupt lps cn eae air ‘ue fm foe neg toe arenes anid Be teunesolagr fh thames fla 2 S412 Overman > 1.0) J Pat aman, he a bt wg ee ve de aka he mung ween” Unie eH ein, is mae of pee [eden woage magne cst ese Pope ah im Tu thwe in Fig 82) wre Oe om raf be nao ect Testi voip ga pred ars cone my Sn singe rs PWM, (eaten gee fm PWM etter nw agate Eee ‘rT hs he maine alo, a 078 ened ‘Renee sci, Tne breson congue he i itm 1. nd eos appr seme ound th ea mons dt mai. oweve oSommuctmsmce uy aan agen pce. {ee pmo eal he har sa at 2 Se oncaeid ‘Sygw becnng ose sno wig Seer ose Ste hms vena ay eos een ee eee Ps ois oa oan Bie = oor nas oie en & oun Sou tam Str wat e010 be Ta neMERS ew 828. thee ie ‘ewea ec 8-42 SQUARE-WAVE OPERATION IV THREE-PHASE INVERTERS: cig vote coma, rar Fe 24cm be operas ‘ave'nne mote Abo, fers le vata ORM crocs Starner sae vos wen ew a Fp #208 How ech ‘Sh en apr) Te, oy rt aren made ofp, einer cn ge fe pa a vlapr Tete ee ig nN Sled oe pate sin Hrs ne gyi gs npc inte ep cant oe om B81 Yor O se ne ee ‘poteg i ure eve re ig Me imo aet 4, orn oy “Te escapes ote wae ost yo be a an sie apni tn ste eee Seale maple cee tency apron (Stearman oe ac ownia ig 82k v= 22 om eteet @enan.y280, carnEN ser dos HERES a SNES he r e824 Spenser pe soe med at tia poi sel ho aside hee ee concen cae ed Se {4 SWITEHE CILAZATION IN THREF-PHASE INVERTERS We wil st Vg th mais pe ae conc ing [ante onsed iw hie tv tee et lage Spe nt ‘Sunes ie evalua nane a he acct wears ec ah ‘Stadia yon pti oper carwah omvme ne Phan See wane me) satin i. Tel i is weld eve etalon pat es Ve Yew aw f= Vit ae 1g berm aa fe tien ey en ie age cmgcen, sie te ce pe pes) He met ae ae eo pi Waa = VM ae, ‘ent, nl eh nao ed Wane a * Weems “NEV wen) Inter non = Oa 15am eine SES Ssich wat ro Mein ih wna ist V5, “ra ens™

Вам также может понравиться

• Fear: Trump in the White House

  

  От Everand

  Fear: Trump in the White House

  Bob Woodward

  Рейтинг: 3.5 из 5 звезд

  3.5/5 (738)
• A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  

  От Everand

  A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  Fredrik Backman

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (4610)
• A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  

  От Everand

  A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  Dave Eggers

  Рейтинг: 3.5 из 5 звезд

  3.5/5 (231)
• • Журналы
  • Подкасты
  • Нотное издание
• The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  

  От Everand

  The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  Viet Thanh Nguyen

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (121)
• Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  

  От Everand

  Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  Angela Duckworth

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (588)
• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  

  От Everand

  Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  Chris Voss

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (838)
• The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  

  От Everand

  The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  Meik Wiking

  Рейтинг: 3.5 из 5 звезд

  3.5/5 (400)
• Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  

  От Everand

  Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  Gilbert King

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (266)
• The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  

  От Everand

  The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  Mark Manson

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (5795)
• Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  

  От Everand

  Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  Jay Sekulow

  Рейтинг: 3.5 из 5 звезд

  3.5/5 (137)
• Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  

  От Everand

  Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  Carmen Maria Machado

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (821)
• A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  

  От Everand

  A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  Betty Smith

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (1929)
• The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  

  От Everand

  The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  Brené Brown

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (1091)
• The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  

  От Everand

  The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  Thomas L. Friedman

  Рейтинг: 3.5 из 5 звезд

  3.5/5 (2259)
• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  

  От Everand

  The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  Ben Horowitz

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (345)
• Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  

  От Everand

  Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  Phil Knight

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (537)
• The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  

  От Everand

  The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  Siddhartha Mukherjee

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (271)
• The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  

  От Everand

  The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  Jeannette Walls

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (1713)
• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  

  От Everand

  Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  Doris Kearns Goodwin

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (234)
• John Adams

  

  От Everand

  John Adams

  David McCullough

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (2409)
• Principles: Life and Work

  

  От Everand

  Principles: Life and Work

  Ray Dalio

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (599)
• Yes Please

  

  От Everand

  Yes Please

  Amy Poehler

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (1891)
• The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  

  От Everand

  The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  M.L. Stedman

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (789)
• Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  

  От Everand

  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  Margot Lee Shetterly

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (895)
• Wolf Hall: A Novel

  

  От Everand

  Wolf Hall: A Novel

  Hilary Mantel

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (3811)
• The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  

  От Everand

  The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  Stephen Chbosky

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (2104)
• The Woman in Cabin 10

  

  От Everand

  The Woman in Cabin 10

  Ruth Ware

  Рейтинг: 3.5 из 5 звезд

  3.5/5 (2322)
• Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  

  От Everand

  Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  Ashlee Vance

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (474)
• Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  

  От Everand

  Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  Jesmyn Ward

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (1103)
• The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  

  От Everand

  The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  Garth Stein

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (4200)
• Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  

  От Everand

  Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  Frank McCourt

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (440)
• The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  

  От Everand

  The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  John le Carré

  Рейтинг: 3.5 из 5 звезд

  3.5/5 (104)
• The Outsider: A Novel

  

  От Everand

  The Outsider: A Novel

  Stephen King

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (1839)
• On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  

  От Everand

  On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  Naomi Klein

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (74)
• Brooklyn: A Novel

  

  От Everand

  Brooklyn: A Novel

  Colm Toibin

  Рейтинг: 3.5 из 5 звезд

  3.5/5 (1937)
• The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  

  От Everand

  The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  Sarah M. Broom

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (98)
• The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  

  От Everand

  The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  George Packer

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (45)
• Little Women

  

  От Everand

  Little Women

  Louisa May Alcott

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (104)
• Bad Feminist: Essays

  

  От Everand

  Bad Feminist: Essays

  Roxane Gay

  Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд

  4/5 (1016)
• Steve Jobs

  

  От Everand

  Steve Jobs

  Walter Isaacson

  Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд

  4.5/5 (806)
• Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  

  От Everand

  Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  Jennifer Egan

  Рейтинг: 3.5 из 5 звезд

  3.5/5 (792)