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Angles in the Coordinate Plane: One of the major differences between angles as you have
previously experienced them and rotation angles is that rotation angles are usually not placed just
anywhere. Rotation angles are frequently placed in the coordinate plane so the vertex of the angle is
placed at the origin and the initial side lies on the positive side of the x-axis. We say an angle is in
standard position when the vertex is at the origin and the initial side lies on the positive side of the
x-axis. The ray that forms the initial side of the angle is rotated around the origin and the resulting
ray called the terminal side of the angle.
MATHEMATICS CCGPS ADVANCED ALGEBRA UNIT 5: Trigonometric Functions
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. John D. Barge, State School Superintendent
July 2014 Page 30 of 185
All Rights Reserved
In both Figure A and Figure B the angle shown is in standard position. Both angles have been
created by rotating the ray that forms the initial side 45o about the origin. The angles are different in
that the intial ray was rotated counterclockwise in Figure A and rotated clockwise in Figure B. To
indicate the direction of rotation, an angle is positive when the location of the terminal side results
from a counterclockwise rotation. An angle is negative when the location of the terminal side results
from a clockwise rotation. Thus, the angle in Figure A is 45o whereas the angle in Figure B is 450
terminal side
initial side
initial side
terminal side
Figure A
Figure B
If an angle is in standard position and its terminal side falls in the second quadrant, we refer to the
angle as a second quadrant angle. Similarly, a first quadrant angle, a third quadrant angle, and a
fourth quadrant angle have a terminal side that lies in the first quadrant, the third quadrant, and the
fourth quadrant, respectively. The angle in Figure A above is a 1st quadrant angle; the angle in figure
B is a 4th quadrant angle. An angle of 400o is a first quadrant angle; an angle of 200o is a 2nd
quadrant angle.
An angle in standard position with its terminal side lying on either the x-axis or y-axis is called a
quadrantal angle. A 180o angle and a 90o angle are two examples of quadrantal angles.
3. Use a protractor to measure each of the angles below. You will need to decide if the measure
is positive or negative.
a.
b.
c.