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Georgia Department of Education

Common Core Georgia Performance Standards Framework Teacher Edition


CCGPS Advanced Algebra Unit 5

Figuring Out All the Angles


PART A: Rotation Angles
An angle is defined as the union of two rays with a common endpoint. The common endpoint is the
vertex of the angle and the rays are the sides of the angle. We can extend the way we think about an
angle, if we consider an angle as a turning motion. Imagine the two rays are fastened by a pin at the
vertex. One ray is kept fixed as a reference (called the initial side of the angle) and the other ray (the
terminal side) is allowed to rotate to form an angle. Angles
formed in this way are referred to as rotation angles.
A good way to illustrate this is to cut out two strips from
cardstock that are about 1 inch (2.5 cm) by 8 inches (20 cm). Use
a ruler to draw a ray down the middle of each strip. Connect the
strips of cardboard at the end points of the two rays using a paper
brad fastener.
1. Suppose a ray is rotated about its endpoint. Give the degree measure of the angle formed if the
ray makes:
b. a complete rotation
5
b.
of a rotation
6
c. 2.5 rotations
2. The degree measure of an angle is given. Determine its fractional part of a complete rotation.
e. 180o
f. 90o
g. 45o
h. 270o

Angles in the Coordinate Plane: One of the major differences between angles as you have
previously experienced them and rotation angles is that rotation angles are usually not placed just
anywhere. Rotation angles are frequently placed in the coordinate plane so the vertex of the angle is
placed at the origin and the initial side lies on the positive side of the x-axis. We say an angle is in
standard position when the vertex is at the origin and the initial side lies on the positive side of the
x-axis. The ray that forms the initial side of the angle is rotated around the origin and the resulting
ray called the terminal side of the angle.
MATHEMATICS CCGPS ADVANCED ALGEBRA UNIT 5: Trigonometric Functions
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. John D. Barge, State School Superintendent
July 2014 Page 30 of 185
All Rights Reserved

Georgia Department of Education


Common Core Georgia Performance Standards Framework Teacher Edition
CCGPS Advanced Algebra Unit 5

In both Figure A and Figure B the angle shown is in standard position. Both angles have been
created by rotating the ray that forms the initial side 45o about the origin. The angles are different in
that the intial ray was rotated counterclockwise in Figure A and rotated clockwise in Figure B. To
indicate the direction of rotation, an angle is positive when the location of the terminal side results
from a counterclockwise rotation. An angle is negative when the location of the terminal side results
from a clockwise rotation. Thus, the angle in Figure A is 45o whereas the angle in Figure B is 450

terminal side

initial side
initial side
terminal side
Figure A

Figure B

If an angle is in standard position and its terminal side falls in the second quadrant, we refer to the
angle as a second quadrant angle. Similarly, a first quadrant angle, a third quadrant angle, and a
fourth quadrant angle have a terminal side that lies in the first quadrant, the third quadrant, and the
fourth quadrant, respectively. The angle in Figure A above is a 1st quadrant angle; the angle in figure
B is a 4th quadrant angle. An angle of 400o is a first quadrant angle; an angle of 200o is a 2nd
quadrant angle.
An angle in standard position with its terminal side lying on either the x-axis or y-axis is called a
quadrantal angle. A 180o angle and a 90o angle are two examples of quadrantal angles.

Coterminal angles are in standard


position and share the same terminal
side. The 130o angle and the 230o
angle in Figure C are coterminal
angles. (Remember that the prefix
co means together as in
cooperate means to operate or
work together and cohabitate
MATHEMATICS CCGPS ADVANCED ALGEBRA UNIT 5: Trigonometric Functions
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. John D. Barge, State School Superintendent
July 2014 Page 31 of 185
All Rights Reserved

Georgia Department of Education


Common Core Georgia Performance Standards Framework Teacher Edition
CCGPS Advanced Algebra Unit 5

means to live together. Knowing


the meaning of co hopefully makes
the meaning of coterminal more
meaningful.)

Angles are also coterminal when


they share terminal sides as the result
of complete rotations. For example,
a 20o angle and a 380o degree angle
in standard position are coterminal.
Figure C

3. Use a protractor to measure each of the angles below. You will need to decide if the measure
is positive or negative.

a.

b.

c.

Determine three coterminal angles for each of the angles above.


4. Give an example of a 2nd quadrant angle that has a measure greater than 360o.
MATHEMATICS CCGPS ADVANCED ALGEBRA UNIT 5: Trigonometric Functions
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. John D. Barge, State School Superintendent
July 2014 Page 32 of 185
All Rights Reserved

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