Title: ECHO CANCELLATION IN TELEPHONY USING ADAPTIVE FILTERS

GROUP MEMBERS:
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Sai surya Prakash 2012A3PS053G

Manoj Prabhakar 2012A3PS067G
Midhun Kumar 2012A3PS205G
Prasanth Namana 2012A3PS149G

COURSE NAME: Digital Signal Processing (EEEF414)

INTRODUCTION:
Adaptive Filters:
An adaptive filter consists of two distinct parts: a digital filter with adjustable
coefficients, and an adaptive algorithm which is used to adjust or modify the coefficients
of the filter. Two input signals Yk and Xk are applied simultaneously to the adaptive
filter. The signal Yk, is the contaminated signal containing both the desired signal Sk, and
the noise Nk, assumed uncorrelated with each other. The signal Xk is a measure of the
contaminating signal which is correlated in some way with Nk. Xk is processed by the
digital filter to produce an estimate Nk of Nk. An estimate of the desired signal is then
obtained by subtracting the digital filter output Nk from the contaminated signal Yk.
Echoing in long distance communications:
Echoes arise primarily in communications systems when signal encounters a mismatch
in impedance.
Echo Cancellation using adaptive filters:
Network echo cancellation is used to cancel the reflected signal, or echo, generated in a
telephony system by impedance mismatches of network elements. Echo energy
distribution is unique for each connection and can be dynamic for a particular
connection. The total energy of the echo and the delay of the echo can change over
time, so they require special consideration when an echo canceller is implemented. An
echo canceller requires the use of a specialized adaptive filter. A common adaptive
filtering algorithm used in echo cancellation is the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm,
which offers relatively low computation complexity and good stability

OBJECTIVEs:

To design an adaptive filter using LMS algorithm for the removal echoes in
telephone communication systems.
Adaptive filter will be designed using MATLAB and Simulink tools.

EXPECTED OUTCOME:
Determine the delay between the echo and actual signal.
Frequency and time domain analysis of the signal received.
Removal of echo from actual signal.
KEY REFERENCES:
1. Efficient Implementation of Adaptive Filtering in Echo Cancellation by Brad
Zwernemann.
2. Digital Signal Processing ,A practical Approach by Emmanuel C. Ifeachor.