, 2002.

43, 6

515.17:517.545

. . , . .

: .


. q- .

.
: , ,

q- .
. 1970 . . . . . [13]
1980 . . [4] ,
- .
[5] . . .
, q- - .
. .
1999 ., .
. . .


,
c 2002 . ., . .

1409

. q- .
q- .

.
1.


F, {ak , bk }gk=1 () g 1, {ak , bk }gk=1 P0 F .
P0 F
*
+
g
Y
1 (F, P0 ) = a1 , . . . , ag , b1 , . . . , bg :
[aj , bj ] = 1 .
j=1

, U = {z C : |z| < 1}, , U

F
: U U/ = F .
*
+
g
Y
= A1 , . . . , Ag , B1 , . . . , Bg :
Cj = 1 ,
j=1
1
Cj = [Aj , Bj ] = Aj Bj A1
j Bj , j = 1, . . . , g, . [68].
Hom(, C ) ( ) C = C\{0} .
1 (F ) = 1 (F, P0 ) 1 (F ),
c = (c1 , . . . , cg ) Cg ,

(aj ) = exp 2icj ,

(bj ) = exp 2i

g
X

jk ck ,

j = 1, . . . , g,

(1)

k=1

= (jk ) g b- 1 , . . . , g

F ,
R
R
j = jk ,
j = jk , j, k = 1, . . . , g) [6, . 129]. {ak , bk }gk=1 (. .
ak

bk

Lg Hom(, C ).
Hom(, C )\Lg . :
!
g
X
(aj ) = exp 2icj , (bj ) = exp 2i
jk ck + gj , j = 1, . . . , g,
(2)
k=1
g

c = (c1 , . . . , cg ) C , gj C gj
/ Z j, j = 1, . . . , g, . [4, 9].
f F , f

1410

. . , . .

U (P0 ) P0 P0
f(P )| = ()f(P ), P U (P0 ). -,
f F f U ,
f (T z) = (T )f (z), z U , T .
q- F q- = (z)dz q U ,
(T z)(dT z)q = (T )(z)dz q ,

z U, T .

f0 F ,
f0 (P ) = f0 (P0 ) exp

ZP X
g

P0

2icj j ,

cj C, j = 1, . . . , g,

P F,

(3)

j=1

f0 (1), . .
1 (F ) ( ). f0
F [6, . 129].
f F , , (f ) () .
, deg(f ) = 0 deg() = 2g 2 F . [6, . 131] ,
f , f 6= 0,
F .
D F
g 1
L (D), f F
, (f ) D, (D),
1- F ,
() D. r (D) = dimC L (D), i (D) = dimC (D) ,
[D] D F .
( [6, . 133]). F g 1. D F

r (D1 ) = deg D g + 1 + i1 (D).

(4)

1.1 [6, . 134]. F g 1


g,
,
i (1) =
g 1, ;

1, ,
r (1) =
0, .
( [6, . 134]).
D  
F, {aj , bj }gj=1 g 1
. D f F
, deg D = 0
!
g
g
X
1 X
(j)
(j)
(D) =
log (bj )e
log (aj )
()
(5)
2i j=1
j=1

1411

J(F ), . . Cg
L(F ), e(1) , . . . , e(g) (1) , . . . , (g) a b- 1 , . . . , g , F , F
P0 .
((f )), f . , Hom(, C )/Lg J(F ) [6, . 134].
2.


F g 1. f0 , . .
(f0 ) = 1. f0
,
L (P n )
= L(P n ),

r (P n ) = r(P n ),

(P n )
= (P n ),

i (P n ) = i(P n )

n Z P F . , , [1, c. 81],
, . ,
.
2.1 ( ). P F g 1 g ni
( ),
0 < n1 = 1 < n2 < < ng < 2g,

()

, F ,
ni P .
P () F , P
j, 1 < j g, . . f F
P j, j g.
i1 (P g ) = i(P g ) > 0 r (P g ) = r(P g ) 2. ,
()
() F
, F .
2.1. :
(a) j P F
;
(b) r (P j ) r (P (j1) ) = 0;
(c) i1 (P j1 ) i1 (P j ) = 1;
(d) 1 ,
j 1 P F .

1412

. . , . .

, 1 P nj 1, j = 1, . . . , g,

0 = n1 1 < n2 1 < < ng 1 2g 2,

nj P F . ,
P F
1 , P
, . . ordP = 0.
2.2. [6, . 84] , P F
1 , . . . , g 1
F P ,
0 = 1 (P ) = ordP 1 < 2 (P ) = ordP 2 < < g (P ) = ordP g (2g 2),
j (P ) (j 1), j = 1, . . . , g.
2.3. [6, . 84] (P ) =

g
P

(j

j=1

j + 1) P 1 (1) 1 , P




g
W r1 = det f01 1 , . . . , f01 g = f01 det[1 , . . . , g ]
[6, . 85] f01 1 , . . . , f01 g 1 (1).
2.4. P F
. , n1 n2
P , f1 f2 ,
F P n1 n2 . (n1 + n2 ) f1 f2 /f0 .
[6, . 82, 83] F g 2 N
,
= 1 [6, 7], 2g + 2 N g 3 g.
2.5. [6, . 81, 82] , {Pj }
j=1 D0 = 1, D1 = P1 , . . . , Dj =
P1 . . . Pj , . . . F g 1.
2.6. q- () (q 1) , q- () F g 1 [6, . 87]
F . , P F q- () (q 1) F , ,q (P ) 1 ,q (1) q- 1
F . g 1 , q- 1 F ,
ordP dim 1 ,q (1) = d, d = g q = 1 d = (2q 1)(g 1)

1413

q > 1. , ,q (P ) > 0, j, 1 j d, ,
j (P ) > j 1. d (P ) > d 1 d (P ) d, d (P ) = ordP ,
6= 0, 1 ,q (1).
.
2.2. F g 2
q 1 W r1 ,q
1 ,q (1) m-
d F , m = q + (q + 1) + + (q + d 1) = d(2q 1 + d)/2
X
X
,q (P ) =
ordP W r1 ,q = deg(W r1 ,q ) = m(2g 2) = (g 1)d(2q 1+d).
P F

P F

2.3. F g 2
q 1 :
1)
1 ,q (1) ;
2) P F , , P 1 , . . . , d 1 ,q (1) ,
ordP j = j 1,

j = 1, . . . , d;

3) q- ;
4) F g = 1
q- q 1 .
. 3 , m- F g 2. 4
q- c q- F
g = 1. .
3.

.
. ,
F (()) = 2K
J(F ), K [1, c. 325].
3.1. D 2g 2
F g 2 , (D) =
2K + (), K P0 F .
. 0 F . f =
/0 F . () = ((f )) = (()) ((0 )) = (D) + 2K.
, (D) = 2K + (), deg D = 2g 2, ,
((0 )) = 2K, (D) = ((0 )) + (). (D/(0 )) = ()
f , (f ) = D/(0 ).
= f 0 () = D. .

1414

. . , . .

F g 1. i1 (1) = g 1, r (1) = 0, . .
f F .
, r (P 1 ) = 1 g + 1 + i1 (P ) = 2 g + i1 (P ). i1 (P ) =
i1 (1) = g 1, r (P 1 ) = 1 f
F P . ,
n = 1 () P .
i1 (P ) = i1 (1)1 = g 2, r (P 1 ) = 0
f F P , n = 1
() P F .
P n1 P n .
r (P (n1) ) = n g + i1 (P n1 ),

r (P n ) = n + 1 g + i1 (P n ).

i1 (P n ) = i1 (P n1 ), r (P n ) = r (P (n1) ) + 1 f F P n F , . . n P
F . i1 (P n ) = i1 (P n1 ) 1, r (P n ) = r (P (n1) )
f F P n F , . . n P
F . i1 (P n ) n 1,
L (P n ) L (P (n+1) ) L (P n )
, , n + 1
. , i1 (P n ) g 1 , i1 (1) = g 1, i1 (P 2g1 ) = 0. ,
i1 (P 2g1 ) = i(P 2g1 (f )) = 0, f
F , deg(f ) = 0 deg(P 2g1 (f )) = 2g 1 > 2g 2. ,

3.2 ( ). P F g 1 g 1 (
) ni ,
0 < n1 < < ng1 < 2g,
, i, i = 1, . . . , g 1,
F ,
P ni .
3.1. [10], , , , ,
.
3.2. [11] , 0 F
i1 (P 2g2 ) = 1 (. . 3.1 [11] D, deg D =
0
2g 2), (P 2g2 ) = 2K (0 ). 2g 2g 1
3.2 0
F . ,
1 = i1 (P 2g2 ) = r0 (P (2g2) ) + g 1 deg P 2g2 ,
0

r0 (P (2g2) ) = g.

1415

0 = i1 (P 2g1 ) = r (P (2g1) ) + g 1 (2g 1) = r (P (2g1) ) g,
r0 (P (2g1) ) = g = r0 (P (2g2) ).
, n = 2g 1 P 0
, (P 2g2 ) = 2K (0 ).
3.3. n > g 1 F ,
f1 1 F
r (P n ) = r(P n (f1 )) n g + 1 > 0.
f
j, j n, P , r (1) = 0 F .
1. P F
g > 1 () ,
, g 1.
3.4. :
(a) j P
F ;
(b) r (P j ) r (P (j1) ) = 0;
(c) i1 (P j1 ) i1 (P j ) = 1;
(d) 1 , j 1 P .
, 1 P nj 1,
0 n1 1 < n2 1 < < ng1 1 2g 2,
nj P F .
3.5. P F [6] , P 1 , . . . , g1 1 F 1 , . . . , g1
P ,
0 1 = ordP 1 < 2 = ordP 2 < < g1 = ordP g1 2g 2.
3.3. F g > 1 .
. P () F , 1 r (P (g1) ), i1 (P g1 )
1 > 0. , P
F , i1 (P g1 ) > 0 F . ,
() {Pn }
n=1 F , . . Pn F ,
i1 (Png1 ) > 0 n = 1, 2, . . . .
P0 F . ,
P0 . z z(P0 ) = 0,

1416

. . , . .

zn = z(Pn ), n = 1, 2, . . . , |zn | < , n > N (). 1 , . . . , g1 1 j = fj (z) dz, j = 1, . . . , g 1,

U (P0 ) P0 . f1 , . . . ,
fg1
C U (P0 ). i1 Png1 > 0
zn , |zn | < ,
= c1 1 + + cg1 g1 1

Png1

g1
X

|ci |2 > 0.

i=1

c1 f1 (zn ) + + cg1 fg1 (zn ) = 0,
0
c1 f10 (zn ) + + cg1 fg1
(zn ) = 0,

...
(g2)
c1 f1
(zn )

(g2)

+ + cg1 fg1 (zn ) = 0.

, . . f1 , . . . , fg1
U (P0 ), zn , 0
n .
P0 . , f1 , . . . , fg1
C. . .
4. ,



F [1]. D = P1 . . . Pn F
n 1 (D) = (P1 )+ +(Pn )
Wn = (Fn ), Fn n- F .

0 = W0 W1 Wg1 Wg = J(F )
n, 1 n g, Wn
J(F ) n [6, . 155; 12, . 365].
f c D
F g 1 ,
deg D = 0, (D) = () J(F ).
f P1 /P
(P 6= P1 ) , (P1 ) (P ) = () 6= 0 J(F ),

(P ) + () W1 \(W0 + (P )).
(1)
4.1. (P1 ) (P )
P0 , P0 P00
. P0 ,
. , (1)
.
(1) , . . P P1 6= P ,
(1) () 6= 0 J(F ), f P n = 1

1417

P F . ,
. . = 1, f 2 f
P , 2 6= .
(1) P1 , n = 1
P .
j, 1 < j g. f
P1 . . . Pj P j (Pk 6= P, k =
1, . . . , j) , P1 , . . . , Pj , Pk 6= P , k = 1, . . . , j,
(P1 ) + + (Pj ) = j(P ) + () J(F ),
j(P ) + () Wj \(Wj1 + (P )).

(j)

(j), n = j P
F . , n = j P .
4.1. P
F g 2 :
1) j, 1 j g,
P F ,
j(P ) + () Wj \(Wj1 + (P ));
2) P F
,
j(P ) + ()
/ Wj \(Wj1 + (P )),

1 j g 1.

. 1 . 2.
:
(a) P F ;
(b) j0 P , 1 j0 g 1;
(c) j0 , 1 j0 g 1, ,
j0 (P ) + () Wj0 , (j0 1)(P ) + ()
/ W(j0 1) .
:
(a) P F ;
(b) j, 1 j g 1, P ;
(c) j, 1 j g 1, j(P ) + ()
/
Wj \(Wj1 + (P )).
.
4.2. 1. 4.1 , P n1 = 1
P , (P ) + ()
/
W1 . , - Hom(, C )/Lg
J(F ) = Wg [6, . 134]. P , () 6= 0 ()+(P ) = (P1 ) W1 ,
P1 6= P 0 , (P1 ) (P ) =
(0 ) = (0 Lg ) = 0 1 , 1 Lg . , n1 (P, ) = 1 P F .
(
P ) 0 1.

1418

. . , . .

2. ,

P 0, . . ,
P
/ (), () + (P )
/ W1 , i (P ) = g 2.
,
r1 (P 1 ) = 1 g + 1 + i (P ),

0, () + (P )
/ W1 ,
i (P ) = g 2 +
1, () + (P ) W1 .
3. P
F , . .
P F , :
(P ) + () W1 ,

(1)

2(P ) + () W2 ,

(2)

...
(g 1)(P ) + () Wg1 ,

(g 1)

() 6= 0.
4.2 (. [7, c. 301]).
F g 2 D, . .
D 1, D 6= 1, :

g,
Lg ,
i1 (D) i1 (1) =
g 1,
/ Lg ;
deg D g + 1 r (D1 ) deg D.
.
D = P1 > 1

deg D + 1, Lg ,
1
r (D ) = deg D g + 1 + i1 (D)
deg D,

/ Lg ,


i1 (D) i1 (P1 ) i1 (1) =

g,

Lg ,

g 1,
/ Lg .

P1 F
i1 (D) i(P1 ) = g 1 < i(1) = g
i1 (D) (g 1) 0. .
4.3. F g 2 g1 P1 , . . . , Pg1
, F , 1 .
1. D
r (D1 ) 0 , , deg D g + 1 + i1 (D) 0. i1 (D)
(g 1) deg D.

1419

D = P1 . . . Pn P1 , . . . , Pn .
deg D = n, i1 (D) (g 1) n.
g 1 n 1.
P1 g 1 i1 (P1 ) (g 1) 1. P1 ,
i1 (P1 ) < g 1, ,


i1 (P1 ) = r P11 + g 2 = g 2
() + (P1 )
/ W1 .
, - n1 = 1 g 1,
F .
1 (P1 P2 ) 1 (P1 ) . g 3
1 (P1 ) 6= 0 1 P2 , P2
/ (). P2 g 2
i1 (P1 P2 ) (g 1) 2 i1 (P1 P2 ) = g 3. , n- P1 , . . . , Pn F , i1 (P1 . . . Pn ) = (g 1) n. ,
g 1 ,
r ((P1 . . . Pg1 )1 ) = i1 (P1 . . . Pg1 ) = 0.
2. D = P1 . . . Pg1
i1 (P1 . . . Pg1 ) = 0 , r ((P1 . . . Pg1 )1 )
= 0, () + (P1 . . . Pg1 )
/ Wg1 .
. D = P1 . . . Pg1
i1 (P1 . . . Pg1 ) 1, 1 () = P1 . . . Pg1 Q1 . . . Qg1 3.1
(()) = 2K (), (P1 . . . Pg1 Q1 . . . Qg1 ) = 2K () J(F ).
P1 . . . Pg1 Q1 . . . Qg1 F g 1 () , , 0 ((0 )) = 2K J(F )
[6]. () = 0 ; .
, D = P1 . . . Pg1 , i1 (P1 . . . Pg1 ) = 0,
() + (P1 . . . Pg1 )
/ Wg1 .
D = P1 . . . Pg1 , U (D) D Fg1 D0 =
0
, () +
P10 . . . Pg1
0
(D )
/ Wg1 , U (DP0 ) Fg , () +
e
e U (DP0 ). , D
e 0 = D0 P0 U (DP0 )
(D)
/ Wg1 D
0
0
0
0
, ()+(D )
/ Wg1 D = P1 . . . Pg1
e 0 = D0 P0 U (DP0 )
. , D
U (DP0 ) (Fg1 P0 ).
3.
r ((P1 . . . Pg1 )1 ) 1 f 6= 0 F (f ) =
Q1 . . . Qg1 /P1 . . . Pg1 , (Q1 . . . Qg1 ) = () +
(P1 . . . Pg1 ) Wg1 . P1 , . . . , Pg1 , () + Wg1 Wg1 . () = 0 J(F )
(P1 . . . Pg1 ) Wg1
P1 , . . . , Pg1 F Wg1 , , Wg1
()
[12]. , , () 6= 0 J(F ).

1420

. . , . .

. P1 , . . . , Pg1
F , r ((P1 . . . Pg1 )1 ) = 0. .
4.3. 1 P1 , . . . , Pg1 , i1 (P1 . . . Pg1 ) = 0 = r ((P1 . . . Pg1 )1 ). D = P1 . . . Pg1
g 1, . . i1 (D) = 0,
F g 2.
4.4.
F g 2 n, 1 n g 1,
P1 . . . Pn ,
r ((P1 . . . Pn )1 ) = 0.
. 4.3
P1 , . . . , Pn F , i1 (P1 . . . Pn ) = g 1 n.
r ((P1 . . . Pn )1 ) = 0. .
4.5. deg D g D, L (D1 )

F g 2.
r (D1 ) = deg D g + 1 +
i1 (D) 1.
F g 1,
P1 , P2 , . . . , Pn , . . . F .
F , D0 = 1, Dj+1 =
Dj Pj+1 , j = 0, 1, . . . .
j (j = 1, 2, . . . ).




1
f L Dj1 \L Dj1
,
. . f F ,
1
, (f ) Dj1 , (f ) Dj1
.
4.6 ( ). P1 , P2 , . . . , Pn , . . .
F g 1 g 1
ni ,
0 < n1 < n2 < < ng1 < 2g,

()

, j , j
ni , i = 1, . . . , g 1.
. j , j
.
1 ,
f L (P11 )\L (1), r (P11 )
r (1) = 0. r (1) = 0.
1 , f L (P11 )\L (1),
r (P11 ) r (1) = 1.

1421

j , 1
f L (Dj1 )\L (Dj1
),
1
1
r (Dj ) r (Dj1 ) = 0.
j , 1
f L (Dj1 )\L (Dj1
),
1
1
r (Dj ) r (Dj1 ) = 1.
,




1
r Dj1 r Dj1
= 1 + i1 (Dj ) i1 (Dj1 ).
, k 1
k



X




1
r Dk1 r D01 =
r Dj1 r Dj1
j=1

=k+

k
X

i1 (Dj ) i1 (Dj1 ) = k + i1 (Dk ) i1 (D0 ).

j=1

r Dk1 0 = k + i1 (Dk ) (g 1).
, k.
k > 2g 2 i1 (Dk ) = 0. k > 2g 2 k {
, k} = k + 0 (g 1).
,
g 1, 2g 1. .
4.4. P1 , P2 , . . . , Pg1 4.3, Pg , Pg+1 , . . . , , n = 1, n =
2, . . . , n = g 1 P1 , P2 , . . . , Pg1 , Pg , Pg+1 , . . . D0 = 1, D1 = P1 , . . . , Dn = P1 . . . Pn , . . . , n = g

F ,
0 = r (1) = r ((P1 )1 ) = = r ((P1 . . . Pn )1 ) = = r ((P1 . . . P(g1) )1 ),
r ((P1 . . . Pg )1 ) 1 3.8.
4.5. n = 1
, (P1 )+()
/ W1 .
0 1.
[11] , 0 F
i1 (P1 . . . P2g2 ) = 1 (P1 . . . P2g2 ) = 2K (0 ).
0
2g 2g 1
0 F ( 3.2.), n = 2g 1
0 F , (P1 . . . P2g2 ) = 2K (0 ).
4.7 ( ). P1 , P2 , . . . , Pn , . . . F
g 2 :

1422

. . , . .

1) j, 1 j g 1,
F ,
() + (P1 . . . Pj ) Wj ,

() + (P1 . . . Pj1 )
/ Wj1 ;

2) g F ,
r ((P1 . . . Pg1 )1 ) = 0, . . D = P1 . . . Pg1
.
. 1. j , f L ((P1 . . . Pj )1 )\L ((P1 . . . Pj1 )1 ). ()+
(P1 . . . Pj ) Wj , () + (P1 . . . Pj1 )
/ Wj1 .
2. ,
f L (1/(P1 . . . Pg ))\L (1/(P1 . . . Pg1 ))
P1 , . . . , Pg1 , Pg , . . . F . 4.5
r ((P1 . . . Pg )1 ) 1. r ((P1 . . . Pg1 )1 ) = 0, , g
F . .
4.6. 1. D = P1 P2 P3 . . . Ps , i1 (P1 P2 . . . Ps ) = i1 (P1 ) = g 1,
n = 2, . . . , n = s
D0 = 1, D1 = P1 , . . . , Dj = Dj1 Pj , j s.
2. D = P1 P2 P3 . . . Ps ,
i1 (P1 P2 . . . Ps ) = i1 (Pj ) = i1 (1) = g 1, j = 1, . . . , s,
:
) n = 2, . . . , s
D0 = 1, D1 = P1 , . . . , Dj = Dj1 Pj , j s;
) () + (Pj ) W1 , . . n = 1
Pj F j, j = 1, . . . , s.
3. D = P1 P2 P3 . . . Ps , s 2g 1,
r (D1 ) = deg D g + 1 g 1,
i1 (D) = i(D(f )) = 0 deg D(f ) 2g 1 > 2g 2, f F . s 2g 1
F g 1.
1 , 2 F g 1. 1 /2
F (1 ) (2 ) F [6, 7]. , D2 D1 = (1 ), , D2 = (R)(1 )
R F , , D2 R1 F . , F
Z F , - F . |Z | -
F , . . |Z | () F .

1423

, F Z =
Z, Z F .
, () Z , ()/(f ) Z, f , ()/(f ) =
(). , |Z|
F [6; 13, . 200].
4.8. F g 1
:
1) (Z ) = 2K + () J(F );
2) D0 Fg , Z = ZD0 /P0g , D0 /P0g 0,
;
3) P |Z | ,
()+(P ) W1 , , n = 1
P 1 F .
. 1 3.1.
2.



D0 g , P0 D0 /P0g = (), () 6= 0 J(F )
D0 /P0g F , D0 /P0g = (f ),
f F . ()
/ Wg1 ,
D0 F .
, 3. , P |D|,
r(P/D) = r(1/D), |D| ,
P r(P/D) = r(1/D) 1 [13, . 158].
D |Z | ,
r(P/D) = r(1/D) P F . D
F ,
r(P/D) = i (P ),

r(1/D) = i (1) = g 1,

, , R L(P/D), . . (R) P/D, (R)D P .

:
(a) P |Z |;
(b) i (P ) = i (1);
(c) r1 (P 1 ) = 1;
(d) n = 1 P 1 F ;
(e) () + (P ) W1 .
, 1 F . .
(q, )- Zq , 
q- F q > 1, q N.

Zq  (q, )- F , . . , () q-
F .
, F Zq q Z q
  q- F .
, Zq  P F .
,
r(P/D) = r(1/D) 1
  P F
 
D Zq , , Zq 
F g 2, q > 1. , R
F (R) P/D = P/(), (R) P . r(P/D) = i,q (P )

1424

. . , . .

q- , P [11]. , r(1/D) = i,q (1) = (2q 1)(g 1)

q > 1, g 2 [11].
[11]
i,q (P ) = (2q 1)(g 1) deg P + i((f )Z q /P ) = i,q (1) 1 + 0,
f F , i((f )Z q /P ) = 0,
deg(f )Z q /P = q(2g 2) 1 > 2g 2. ,
4.9. F g
 2
q > 1 (q, )- Zq  F .
g1
P
3.5, (P ) =
(j j + 1) P
j=1

1 (1)
1 F . P
W r1 = det[1 , . . . , g1 ]
1 , . . . ,P
g1 1 (1),
[6, . 8486].
(P ) F . , W r1 P F

m- (1 )g1
F , m = 1 + 2 + + (g 1) = (g 1)g/2.
deg(W r1 ) = m(2g 2) = (g 1)2 g.
,
4.10. F g 2
:
1) (P ) P W r1 = det[1 , . . . , g1 ]
1 , . . . , g1 1 (1) F ;
2) W r1 1 (1)

m = (g 1)g/2- (1 )g1 F ;
P
3)
(P ) = (g 1)2 g > 0.
P F

2. P F q-
() (q 1) F , ,q (P ) 1 ,q (1) q 1 F . g 2 , q-
1 F , ordP dim 1 ,q (1) = d, d = g 1 q = 1
d = (2q 1)(g 1) q > 1. 1- F
F , 1 r (1/P g1 ) = i1 (P g1 )
1
F , () P g1 ordP g 1 = d q = 1.
4.11. F g 2
q > 1 W r1 ,q 1 ,q (1)

1425

m- (1 )d
F , m = d(2q 1 + d)/2, d = (2q 1)(g 1),
X
,q (P ) = m(2g 2) = (g 1)d(2q 1 + d) > 0.
P F

4.7. 2.3 F g 1. ,
F g 2 q 1
q- .
4.12. N () N (, q)
q- (q > 1)
F g 2
. 1 N () (g 1)2 g 1 N (, q) (g 1)2 g(2q 1)2 .

F g 2 P F .
nj P
1 n1 < n2 < < ng1 2g 1,
j P , 2g 1,
1 1 < 2 < < g 2g 1.
{1, 2, . . . , 2g 1}.
P F ,
nj = j, j = 1, 2, . . . , g 1,
(P ) =

g1
X

(j j + 1) =

j=1

g1
X

(nj j) = 0.

j=1

nj P 1, 2, . . . , g 2, g, (P ) = 1
. , g 1 P , , (g 1)(P ) + () Wg1 ,
(g 1)(P ) + ())
/ Wg2 + (P ). P
, . , ,
f1 ()
f2 ,
() Wg1 (g 1)(P ) = W
/ {Wg2 + (P )} (g 1)(P ) = W
f2 1
W
f
W1 Hom(, C )/Lg Wg = J(F ). ,
1 F .
(P ) P ,
nj P g + 1, g + 2, . . . , 2g 1, P 1, 2, . . . , g 1, g g 2.
g1
P
(P )
(nj j) = (g 1)g.
j=1

F ,
g 1. 1, 2, . . . , g 1, g
P , j = 1, . . . , g j(P ) + () Wj \(Wj1 + (P )). ,

1426

. . , . .

4.13. F g 2
N () F
g 1 N () (g 1)2 g.
5.

Z- Z- J(F )
{Gk }kZ , Gk Gl Gk + Gl Gk+l .
{0} = W0 W1 W2 Wg1 Wg = J(F )
Z- J(F ). Wk Wl k < l
Wk + Wl = Wk+l . , Zg - J(F ),
g. ,
{0}, ,
J(F ).
P F 4.1 ,
n = 1 ()

(P ) + () W1 ,

(P ) + ()
/ W0 + (P );

n = 2
2(P ) + () W2 ,

2(P ) + ()
/ W1 + (P );

. .,
n = k
k(P ) + () Wk ,

k(P ) + ()
/ Wk1 + (P );

. .,
n = g 1
(g 1)(P ) + () Wg1 ,

(g 1)(P ) + ()
/ Wg2 + (P );

n = g
g(P ) + () Wg ,

g(P ) + ()
/ Wg1 + (P ).

:
n = 1 ,
() {W1 (P )}\{0};
n = 2 ,
() {W2 2(P )}\{W1 (P )};
. .,

1427

n = k ,
() {Wk k(P )}\{Wk1 (k 1)(P )};
. .,
n = g 1 ,
() {Wg1 (g 1)(P )}\{Wg2 (g 2)(P )};
n = g ,
() {Wg g(P )}\{Wg1 (g 1)(P )}.

0 W1 (P ) W2 2(P ) Wk k(P )
Wg1 (g 1)(P ) Wg g(P ) = J(F ),
Wk k(P ) + Wl l(P ) = Wk+l (k + l)(P ).
g J(F ), P - J(F ). ()
P {1, 2, . . . , g}
() J(F ).
5.1. P F g 2 P -
J(F ):
0 W1 (P ) W2 2(P ) Wk k(P )
Wg1 (g 1)(P ) Wg g(P ) = J(F ),
g J(F ).
5.1. P = P0
F , P0 -, 5.1,
{0} = W0 W1 W2 Wg1 Wg = J(F ).
. 4.1
:
n = 1 () P

(P ) W1 (), 0
/ W0 ();
n = 2 P
2(P ) W2 (),

(P )
/ W1 ();

. .,
n = k P
k(P ) Wk (),

(k 1)(P )
/ Wk1 ();

. .,
n = g 1 P
(g 1)(P ) Wg1 (),

(g 2)(P )
/ Wg2 ();

1428

. . , . .

n = g P
g(P ) Wg (),

(g 1)(P )
/ Wg1 ().

0 6= () W1 () W2 ()
Wg1 () Wg () = J(F ),
- P J(F ),
J(F ), 5.1. P () P {1, 2, . . . , g}
(P ), 2(P ), . . . , g(P ) J(F ).
P1 , P2 , . . . , Pn , . . .
F g 2. 4.7
F
,
n = 1 ()
() W1 (P1 ), ()
/ W0 ;
n = 2
() W2 (P1 P2 ),

()
/ W1 (P1 );

. .,
n = g 1
() Wg1 (P1 P2 . . . Pg1 ),

()
/ Wg2 (P1 P2 . . . Pg2 );

n = g
() Wg (P1 P2 . . . Pg ) = J(F ),

()
/ Wg1 (P1 P2 . . . Pg1 ).

0 W1 (P1 ) W2 (P1 P2 )
Wg1 (P1 P2 . . . Pg1 ) Wg (P1 P2 . . . Pg ) = J(F ),
{Pj }
j=1 F .
{1, 2, . . . , g} ()
J(F ).
. 4.7
:
n = 1 ( P1 , P2 , . . . F ) ,
(P1 ) W1 (),

0
/ W0 ();

n = 2 ,
(P1 P2 ) W2 (),

(P1 )
/ W1 ();

1429

. .,
n = g ,
(P1 P2 . . . Pg ) Wg (),

(P1 P2 . . . Pg1 )
/ Wg1 ().

0 6= () W1 () W2 () Wg1 () Wg () = J(F ),
-
P1 , P2 , . . . J(F ).

{1, 2, . . . , g} (P1 ), (P1 P2 ), . . . , (P1 P2 . . . Pg ) J(F ).

1. Farkas H. M., Rauch H. E. Period relations of Schottky type on Riemann surfaces // Ann. of
Math.. 1970. V. 92. P. 434461.
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Maryland: The Williams and Willkins Comp., 1974.
3. Farkas H. M. Theta function practitiones // Differential Geometry and Complex Analysis.
Berlin: Springer-Verl., 1985. P. 3347.
4. Gunning R. C. On the period classes of Prym differentials // J. Reine Angew. Math.. 1980.
V. 319. P. 153171.
5. Farkas H. M., Kra I. Special sets of points on compact Riemann surfaces // Contemp. Math..
2000. V. 256. P. 7594.
6. Farkas H. M., Kra I. Riemann surfaces. New York: Springer-Verl., 1992. (Grad. Texts Math.;
V. 71).
7. . . .: - . .,
1960.
8. . . . :
, 1975.
9. . .
. // . . .. 2001. . 42, 4. . 937951.
10. Koenig R. Zur arithmetischen Theorie der auf einem algebraischen Gebilde existierenden
Funktionen // Ber. der Verh. Saechs. Ges. Wiss. Leipzig. Math.-Phys. Kl. 1911. Bd 63. S. 348
368.
11. . . q- - // . . 2002. . 2, 1.
. 336.
12. ., . . .: , 1982.
13. Miranda R. Algebraic curves and Riemann surfaces. Providence PI: Amer. Math. Soc., 1995..
18 2002 .

. , . , 6, 650043
chueshev@lanserv1.kemsu.ru
Eduard Yakubov ( )
Department of Science Holon Academic Institute of Technology, 52 Golomb St.,
P.O. Box 305, Holon, 58102, Israel
yakubov@hait.ac.il