Math Review

MPM2D5
Unit 1: Algebra

3 2
4 5
3 2
4
7 7
6 4
3 6
Expanding and simplifying [ 3 a b ( 2 a b 4 a b + 5 b ) =6 a b 12 a b +15 a b

Solving equations (4x+2=6 > x=2)

Greatest common factor

1. Factor tree
2. Finding all factors
3. Other way

Multiplying binomials
When you multiply
conjugates together the
te middle terms cancel out [(3x+4)(3x-4)]
When squaring a binomial it results in a trinomial.
Square the first term > Square the last term > multiply the two terms together
and double the coefficient.

Midpoint of a line segment

( x +2 x ) ,( y +2 y )

M=

Given the midpoint find an endpoint

Common factoring [ 35=5 ( 7 ) ]

Simplifying radicals ( 2 18=2 9 2=6 2 )

Length of a line segment

| AB|= ( x 1x 2 ) + ( y 1 y 2 )
Dont forget to write units after the answer
Unit 2: Algebra II

Similar triangles ( ABC DEF )

Prove 2 angles are similar (~AA, SAS, SSS)

 Area (The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of
the ratio of the side lengths)

Trigonometry (SOH CAH TOA)

2
Factoring simple trinomials [ x +13 x + L10=( x+ 5 )( x +8 ) ]

Solving a linear system by substitution

Proving it

Factoring special quadratics

Difference of squares (conjugates)
Perfect square trinomial (Binomial squared)
Grouping (4 terms)

Solving right-angled triangles

Determining a side length/angle with 2 right triangles
Slope (rise/run)
Watch out for scale on diagrams
Find a point given the slope and a point
Solving quadratic equations by factoring
No constant term (common factor of X) (-4x2+7x=0)
No middle term (conjugates) (4x2-100=0)
Unit 3: Algebra III

Solving a linear system with elimination

Factoring complex trinomials

Always check for other factoring first (i.e. common factor)
Factoring thought process

Sine law

sin A sin B sin c

=
=
a
b
c

For non-right angle triangles

Prove it
Need at least three pieces of information (an angle and its side plus one other
side or angle)

Triangle inequality
2

 The longest side is less than the sum of the two other sides

Cosine law
2
2
2
a =b +C 2bc ( cos A )
2 bc ( cos A ) > is one part
Use only if you dont have an angle and its matching side

Quadratic formula

x=

b b24 ac
2a

b 4 ac = The discriminant- used to determine the type of roots

Use only if not factorable (can determine by seeing if the discriminant is a perfect
square)

No real roots for a

-No X-intercepts

2
b 4 ac is greater than 0 2 real roots (2 x-intercepts)
2

b 4 ac is equal to 0 1 real root (1 x-intercept)

Simplify radicals
Equations of lines
Horizontal
Vertical
Unit 4: Functions

Function: A relationship in which one quantity depends on, determines, or

corresponds to another

Input

Function Output

There is only 1 y output otherwise it is

not a function (An odd exponent on the y means it
is a function an even exponent means it is not.)

X-inputs (domain)

Y-inputs (range)
Maxima/Minima: Change from increasing to decreasing or vice versa
Concavity: Hill
or a valley
Point of inflection: Where it changes from a hill to a valley or vice versa. About
halfway.
Positive: Above the x-axis
Negative: Below the x-axis
Zero: on the x-axis

Unit 5: Functions II

Sketching parabolas in vertex form

The right order to apply transformations
2
Function form [ y=a ( xh ) + k
Graphing of y=x2

Converting to vertex form

Characteristics of vertex form
b
X-Vertex ( 2 a )
Insert x-vertex to get y-vertex

Distance from a point to a line

The shortest path from a point to a line
The line is perpendicular
POI of the line and its perpendicular line
Calculate distance from the point to the POI [ | AB|= ( x 1x 2 ) + ( y 1 y 2 ) ]

Geometric properties-Quadrilaterals
Shape

Trapezoid

Characteristics
Exactly one pair of opposite
sides parallel

Two pairs of opposite sides

parallel

All four sides equal in length

Two pairs of adjacent sides,

that are equal in length
The diagonals are

Parallelogram

Rhombus

Kite


Rectangle

Square

Property

Right bisector

Altitude

Median

Circumcentre

Centriod

perpendicular
Two pairs of adjacent sides,
perpendicular
Two pairs of adjacent sides that
are perpendicular
All four sides are equal in length

Characteristics
A line that is perpendicular to a
line segment and divides the
line into two equal parts.
The perpendicular distance
from a vertex to the opposite
side (height of a triangle)
A line joining a vertex of a
triangle to the midpoint of the
opposite side
The intersection of the three
right bisectors of a triangle
Where the medians intersect
x1 + x 2+ x3
y +y +y
, 1 2 3
3
3

)(

Geometric properties-Triangles
Triangle

Characteristics
Exactly two sides are equal in
length

All three sides are equal length

All three sides have different

lengths

Isosceles

Equilateral

Scalene

Has a right angle

Right-Angled

Properties of a quadratic function

Direction of opening
Vertex
Axis of symmetry
Shape
Domain, range
X-Intercept(s)
Y-intercept

Unit 6: Word Problems

Terms
Sum of squares (a2+j2 = sum of squares)
Is a minimum/maximum: Looking for the vertex
(X,Y) (How/when max/min occurs, max/min value)

Canned word problems

Given the equation
Dont need a let statement

Investment problems

(Amount invested x first Interest rate ) + [(Total amount invested- amount

invested at first percent) x second interest rate] = Total interest received

Revenue problems
(# of units sold)(Price)
Is a parabola

Trigonometric application

Dont need a let statement

Angle of elevation: is measured from a horizontal up
Angle of depression: Is measured from a horizontal down
Use SOH CAH TOA for right-angle triangles
Can use Pythagorean theorem

Distance/Speed/Time
6

1
2

Fill in the table with known information. At the end you should have 1 piece of
information you have not used
For distance your let statement should represent time

Factoring Thought Process

1. Is there a common factor?
YES- Factor it out
NO- continue
2. Count the number of terms
Binomial (2)
Trinomial (3)
4 Terms (4+ terms= poly)
Difference of
Simple trinomial
Grouping
2
squares
x 2 x 8=
2
9 x 49=
( x4 ) ( x +2 )
( 3 x7 ) ( 3 x +7 )
Perfect square
Conjugates
trinomial

4 x 236 x +81=( 2 x9 )2

Anything missed: