MINERAL RESOURCES

&
THEIR ASSOCIATED
INDUSTRIES

MINERAL DEPOSITS IN INDIA

CHIEF MINERAL RESOURCES
GLOBAL PRODUCTION
DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
APPLICATIONS
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

MINERAL DEPOSITS IN INDIA

CHOTANAGPUR BELT:
JHARKHAND, CHATTISGARH, ORISSA, WEST BENGAL
IRON, COAL, CHROMITE, KYANITE, MICA, COPPER

MIDLAND BELT:
CHATTISGARH, MP, ANDHRA, MAHARASHTRA
MANGANESE, BAUXITE, MICA, COPPER, LIGNITE,
GRAPHITE, LIMESTONE AND MARBLE

WESTERN BELT:
RAJASTHAN, GUJARAT, MAHARASHTRA
ZINC, MINERAL OIL, NATURAL GAS, GYPSUM

MINERAL DEPOSITS IN INDIA

SOUTHERN BELT:
KARNATAKA AND TAMIL NADU
GOLD, IRON, LIGNITE, BAUXITE, MICA,
LIMESTONE

SOUTH-WESTERN BELT:
GOA, KARNATAKA, KERALA
IRON, MICA, BAUXITE, MONAZITE, LIMESTONE,
ZIRCON

HIMALAYAN BELT:
POOR IN METALLIC MINERALS; POCKETS OF
MINERALS LOCATED
COPPER, LEAD, ZINC, BAUXITE, ANTIMONY,
BISMUTH, GYPSUM, LIMESTONE

CHIEF MINERAL RESOURCES

IRON

BAUXITE

COAL

COPPER

IRON ORE

FERROUS METAL
4 TYPES BASED ON PURITY:
MAGNETITE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES, IN IGNEOUS ROCKS
URAL MOUNTAINS, NORTHERN SWEDEN
HEMATITE MOST WIDELY PRESENT, EASIEST TO MINE & SMELT
USA, UK, RUSSIA, SWEDEN, INDIA
LIMONITE SEDIMENTARY,LOW PURITY DUE TO O2, BRAZIL
SIDERITEHIGH CARBON, ENGLAND, NORWAY,SWEDEN

IRON ORE
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION:
CHINA(MANCHURIA, SHANTUNG, HWANG HO RIVER,
BEIJING)
BRAZIL (MINAS GERAIS, ITABIRA MOUNTAINS,SANTA
CATERENA)
AUSTRALIA (WESTERN-PILBARA,KALGURIL;EASTERNFLANDERS RANGE)
RUSSIA (URAL, KUZNETSK, ANGARA)
USA(LAKE SUPERIOR, SOUTH APPALACHIAN,
WESTERN STATES)
CANADA (LABRADOR, UNGAVA, NEWFOUNDLAND)
SOUTH AFRICA (27% RESERVES,CAPE OF GOOD
HOPE)
SWEDEN

IRON ORE RESOURCES

IRON ORE
APPLICATIONS:
TO MAKE STEEL ALLOY (INDIA4TH LARGEST
STEEL PRODUCER)
AIRPORTS, SHIPBUILDING, RAILWAYS,
ROADS, BRIDGES
CUTLERY AND SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
WIRES, TOWERS AND STRUCTURES
DOMESTIC APPLIANCES

COAL

MAJOR SOURCE OF POWER

IMPORTANT ROLE IN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
DEVELOPMENT
TYPES OF COAL:
ANTHRACITE90%C, NO SMOKE/ASH, ONLY DOMESTIC AS
COSTLY
BITUMINOUS70%C,LESS SMOKE,MORE HEAT,50% OF GLOBAL
COAL RESERVES
LIGNITE30-65%C, MORE SMOKE/ASH, LESS HEAT, THERMAL
PLANTS AND PETROL FORMATION
PEAT LEAST PURE,HIGHEST SMOKE/ASH QUANTITY

COAL
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION:
CHINAHIGHEST RESERVES OF ANTHRACITE COAL
SHANSHI-SHENSI,BEIJING,MANCHURIAN
USAAPPALACHIAN99% OF BITUMINOUS FROM
USA
GULF COALTEXAS,ALABAMA,ARKANSAS
ROCKYUTAH, COLORADO, WYOMING, NORTH
DAKOTA
AUSTRALIASYDNEY,
QUEENSLAND,VICTORIA,TASMANIA
SOUTH AFRICATRANSVAAL AND NATAL COAL
FIELDS
RUSSIAKUZNTESK,KARANGADA COAL
FIELDS,TULA,
URAL

COAL
APPLICATIONS:

POWER PRODUCTION
STEEL PRODUCTION
GASIFICATIONSYNGAS(CO+H2) INTO GASOLINE, DIESEL
ACTIVATED CARBONFILTERS WATER,AIR IN DIALYSIS
MACHINES
CARBON FIBRESSTRONG,LIGHT-WEIGHT FOR
CONSTRUCTION
SILICON METALSLUBRICANTS,RESINS,SHAMPOOS,PASTES
COOKING
HEATING

BAUXITE ORE

MAIN SOURCE FOR ALUMINIUM(BAUXITEALUMINA)

VERY LIGHT METAL
HIGH ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
MALLEABLE
RESISTANT TO CORROSION BY FORMING A
PROTECTIVE LAYER ON EXPOSURE TO AIR
(PASSIVATION)

BAUXITE
GLOBAL PRODUCTION:
BAUXITE:
AUSTRALIAQUEENSLAND, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, NSW
(INFERIOR)
GUINEA10%:SUPERIOR QUALITY
BRAZIL10% :MINAS GERAIS
JAMAICA9%

ALUMINIUM:

CHINA
RUSSIA
CANADA
AUSTRALIA
USA
BRAZIL
INDIA

BAUXITE ORE
APPLICATIONS:
LIGHT-WEIGHTAIRCRAFTS, RAIL WAGONS,
SHIPS
CORROSION RESISTANTBUILDINGS
CONSTRUCTION,
PACKAGING
ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION LINES(BEST
CONDUCTOR)
COOKING UTENSILS
DOMESTIC APPLIANCESCOMPUTERS,
PRINTERS,
FRIDGES,
TOASTERS

COPPER

SOFT BROWN METAL IN IGNEOUS AND

METAMORPHIC ROCKS
HIGH ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
HIGHLY DUCTILE AND MALLEABLE
RESITANT TO CORROSION
ANTIBACTERIAL
RECYCLABLE40%DEMAND MET THROUGH
RECYCLING

COPPER
GLOBAL PRODUCTION:
CHILE35%(CHUQUICAMATA, EL
SALVADOR)
USA10% (ARIZONA, MONTANA, UTAH,
NEVADA, MICHIGAN)
PERU (MOUNTAINOUS PARTS)
AUSTRALIA ( EASTERN MOUNTAINS,
WESTERN COASTS)
RUSSIA (URAL, KOLA PENINSULA,
VOLGA BASIN)

COPPER
APPLICATIONS:
ELECTRICAL MACHINERYMOTORS,
GENERATORS, TV, RADIO
WIRES AND CABLES FOR AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
BOILERS, RADIATORS (CORROSION RESISTANT)
FOOD AND HEALTH AS BIOCIDES
(ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY)
ALLOYS
GOLD CARAT
STEEL
BRASS (WITH ZINC)
BRONZE (WITH TIN)
GERMAN SILVER (WITH NICKEL)

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
IRON SECTOR
SUPREME COURT BANNING ON IRON ORE MINING
(16818MT)
M.B. SHAH COMMITTEE ON IRON ORE LEASES
STEEL PRODUCTION AND EXPORT OF IRON(0% DUTY
ON PELLETS)
RED-CORRIDOR AND EXTREMISM
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
TECHNOLOGIES?
COAL SECTOR
COAL MINING LICENSESCAPTIVE MINING FOR STEEL
PRODUCTION
COAL BANKING
STEEL WITHOUT COAL?