Decimation Low Pass Filter For Sigma-Delta Modulators

!"#$

%&' ()*+, -+
%. / 01 2 43'* 5
6&5
)+7* 2#0& 80*+:9
*+-43&+;5<= 9+>?, 2

@BACACD
E FG+H$IKJMLNH
O PQSRTUVRXWCYVQSW[ZK\]P^_Y
\`PQaYV^bY
^bYc\]WedaWCfgRih[U`QMYVQkjlQaU]h[monimp\]QkU
\`WCRXWlmbWCql^bQkY
TYVQarsZtWlU\`PQ
rQkda^_fuh[\]^_WCvwWlZcY`^_qCfuhyx4rQamp\zh{fgWrTmbh[\]Qkrwr^bql^_\]hlm|YV^bqlvihlm_Ya} O PQ.qCW~h[m|^_YM\]WsRU`QkY`Qav~\
WCR'\]^_fu^_aQkrnm_\`QaUchlU`dzP?^_\`Qadk\`TU`QkYc^p\]PU`Qkq~hlUVr\`WehlvQkuda^_Qav~\c'^_fgRm_QafgQav~\zhy\]^_WCv}
n?Z\]P'x4WCU`rQkUkx;?^_\1Y`^_qCfuhyx;rQkm_\]h.fuWrTmbh[\`WCU)TYV^bvqm_W'dahlmZtQkQarih[dzs\]QkdzPv^_T?QaY^bm_m
Q>dkWCvYV^brQkU`Qkrh[Y\`PQ>ZtUVWCv~\Vx;Qkvr 2l daWlvjlQaU\]QaUk} O PQ>Y`T?Y`QaTQkv~\>r?^bqC^p\zh[mgnm_\`QaU
UVQarTdkQaY \]P?QY]hlfgRm_^bv?q|U`h[\]Q2~hZh[dk\]WlU:WlZ!~'}O PQ0rQkda^_fuh[\]^_WCvnimp\]QaU f$TYV\-qCThlU]hlv~\`QaQ
h-vihlUÙVWBe\Ù]hlv?Y`^p\]^_WCvKihlv?rKXQ\;QkQavu?}+hlvrK?}l hlvrY\]WCR?ihlvrhy\`\]QkvTih[\]^_WCvWlZBClri }
PihlR'\]QaURUVWj^_rQaYchUV^bQZK^_v\Ù`WrTd\]^_WCv^bv~\]W\`PQRU`^_vda^_Rm_QaYcWlZor^_qC^_\]hlm2YV^bqCvhlm
RUVW'dkQaYVY`^_vq}&O PQodaWCvYV^br?QaU]hy\]^_WCvY hlU`Q2ZtWdaTYVQarcWCvcnimp\]QkU`YrTQ\`Wg\`PQ0U`QkT?^bUVQafgQav~\]Y
ZtWCUh[daWCTY\]^_dohlRRm_^bdah[\]^_WCvYk}
PihlR'\]QaU ^bm_m_TYV\Ù]h[\`QaY\]PQ0RUVWCRXWlY`QarcWBjCQkU]hlm_m,YV\Ù`Td\]TUVQhlv?rc\`PQ0rQaYV^bqCvciWB0}
O PQcWC'Qkdk\]^pjCQ
WlZ dzPihlR?\`QaU|^_Yg\]WRU`QkY`Qkv\|\]PQRUV^bv?da^_RmbQkYWlZ WBjCQkU`Y]h[fuR?mb^_vqrihy\zh
dkWCv~jCQaU\]QkU`YKTYV^bv?q1Y`^_qCfuhyx4rQamp\zh\]QkdzPv^_T?QaYa}O PQynZ\]Px;WCUVrQaU$:x;fgWrTmbh[\]WCU^p\]P
[rir?vihlfg^_dNU]h[vqCQ?+ 2O $ ^bm_mQRUVQaYVQav~\]QkrP^bdzP=Pih[YKXQkQavMZh[U`^_dh[\`Qar
^_vl}lXf ) \]QadzP?vWCm_WCqlC}eiWCUK\`PQY]hl[Q
WlZ Y`^_fgRm_^bdk^_\;ehlv?r>UVWCTY\]vQkY`Ya:h=x;^p\
Tihlv~\`^bkQaU^bm_m,XQ0TYVQar}
PihlR'\]QaUrQahlm_Y^p\]P.\;R^_dhlmPhlU`r?hlUVQU`Qh[mb^_h[\`^bWlvYWlZor^bql^_\]hlm+nimp\]QkU`Ya} RihlU\
ZtUVWCf\`PQ
VU`T'\]QZtWCU`dkQau^bfgRm_QafgQkv\]h[\]^_WCv
WlZ!\`PQ0fTmp\]^_U]hy\]Q0nim_\`QaU ^p\]Pc^brQkv~\]^_dhlm,nimp\]QkU`Y
^b^
V_beil`lb_albV`c ;l`kl?`~[zetCVulb:_àgC`?a`_b
VaVa~]k 2e]]l?[l~zllaM[aCgi[k_g_aga~zy]_C`pV4`k`bl
l?`~[z1l?`0pV;VaVl,$p]_b_a+l`_~CkV]_~[à)_ck]lb
zil']ac]|V`]l_C~`tC:[`C;zlC|p]_]y] ip]kb__~]V[
?aa!o][`bK]?-VXkapiy]_Ca?~CC2z[u_BilV: _àb_i-?a`_Ck
-_?ika lk'ua_a~:il~`ba[]_C_&b~laV`bC[]klgtVàVul` ]=aBz
B`l|gk]?'-]=`k`k`k
ùl_2[l_ak2b?àVa~]k `_C_;zll_K
_agk][]_CakCga`gCViy`]`lk`_l]?_Ck!]?ip]kàk_[`bC?&l`[
il']ag']k`tC`[&ta?àK`N_~Ca]_~[`bC?ullVlk=V]Vk``ka
iVV0zlC_àl_bkal0NalC0sip]k0lka_|y]a0~Nl]C+lNC
?2tàk~]p`kckC~Ck`blilaC$i_à:_bXVac?[bV|K?k"[`z
àk``g_b&|k`k`_Xk ?kw]`?k]?`_oil`kMC]?|kC~Ca~`bClkC
ip]kK_è_à`là_]kz_?a|`bgVlc`Nt`ka=XkibCk
BlC_il_il`VileV'C=$VuaCga`[]ketCM]NtC____l`
_àa 1CVa]ualulò`Ca`li_à-àlb_y]_Ca ]?ào ?lg_a+lòal'
Vbk`k aV[`K]?ukC alàl[`gì[àkSkC'; alàl|l
`ìlVXkaaC$';i[_l=i_àulVl?l._il_pC`
ip]agVl_ba[]_C
Vb?|aVb_l__]_u4[l'_uakua_a~`
&
ip]k _b,0aCVb?a`k
__
!#"$&%'%#()* +,-%#./,01324657 !*8

9
;:=<>*3?,-%@5BA
CD4E"$&,-- FE0G<$:$H
IGJKLMONKPRQTSTPUWVXKZY[KZ\NK\]_â`NVXKZ\-M[PbcKVX^dVXe^fNKPhgiKZPaY[UWKVWjkJl`\NlNVXK@m1`+npo4M[\NeaM[b'q
ejkJM7r ^ts`\YuQ[KZPeajkJVXKZNK\KZPvN+VWYTVw^kM7UWKPyx$KsZVXLzM{^tVXST\e|UXâKZP}nk`
r P~NK\&VX\etM7âsbKZV)m>7x1q
DM[\NUXKZP\\M[jkJN+KZL]'VXYTLM{q3x$KUX^tMiPVW\+sZVX
x$K\m1\+nM[\YzLzM7jkJ^1KZVX\KiVX\+nk`
r JP`\YVW\NVXK>Pa`\+NUM7YTKZ\NKZPNVXYTVX^tM[UXKZ\R6VWUw^tKP^tKjkJ\VX
eSo;VXK)NKZP]_VWYTLM{q x$KZUw^kMdS_NÙWM7^tVXST\Bm\ejkJUXVWKTKZ\N}o4KPaNK\}NVXKSTr YTUXVXjkJ[KVXâKZ\yN+KZP
1M[Po4M[PaKVWLUXKZLK\âVWKPa`\+YzPVW\+sZVXVWKUWUcQTSTPYTKZe^tKZUXUwî LVW\bUXVXjkM[`+nKVW\+K$g>!]'& LUXKq
LKZ\âVWKPa`\Y+VXe^&Ko4KVWUXe1N+KZPM[PN+o4M[PaK`LnM[\YM7bYTKZejkJM7r âsô4STPNKZ\
m1UWe;KnKPaK\svNVXKZ\^N-M[eD`\{M[ea{M[N+VWKP^tK63
x$KsZVXLzM{^tVXST\e|UXâKZPZ
x$VXK#JS[JKZ\m1\'q
r bKZPaYTM[\YTeb-M[\N+'_+T!`\+NzKVW\K1]'KZPPaNM7r L'n`\Y=QTST\
nSTPNKZP`\YTK\KZVX\zejkJLM[UXKZe 1
[[N--LM[jkJK\RKZVX\R6VWUw^tKPN+KZP>PN\`\YzTT\S[r âVWY4x>M[e-PaKZ`K\sQ[KZPJ-M[Uw^tKZ\ho;`PNK
LVw^ST`'^tVX\KZ\}M[èNK\#y+6I!S_STUWbS'KZ\@bcKe^tVXLL^Z}&eVXe^NKZP&VX\+-`
KVW\+KZP
>S_KsZVXKZ\^tK\`-M[\^tVXeaVXKZP`\YLVwâ^tKUWe1]'VXL`+UM7âVWS[\YTKsZKVWY[^;oSTPaN+KZ\&VW\K=LVX\VWLM[UXK=S{q
KzsVWK\^tKZ\oSTPâU8M7r \YTKQ[ST\T4Vw^;[ST\+\âK=KZPaLVwââKZUw^Go4KPaNK\4x>M7eZk{4[[t
Q[ST\hUWKVW\K\d=S_KsVWK\âKZ\ho;`PNKM[\hKVW\KLKZVXeaVXKZUQ[KZPNKZ`+âUWVXjkJ^x$VWKKZM[UWVXeaVXKZP`\Y
NKeVWUw^tKPae;VXe^VW\KZVX\KP$`+UXâVWPaM7^tK\'q m1PajkJVw^tKâ`P;QTSTPYTKZejkJUM7YTKZ\oSTPNKZ\
x$K\RM7`+ââKZVXUNKP>]_â`NVXKe^tKZUXUXKZ\hNVXKVXUw^tKZP{M[ea{M[NK\hN-M[P1&eo;`PaNKN-M[e$-PKZ`KZ\+sq
Q[KZPaJM[UXâKZ\nk`
r P;NPKZV6=M[ea{M[NK\RKZPLVX^^tKZUw^;x$VXKKZPae^tK]^t`+nKVWe^$VX\KNKZLM[UXUKZVX\f
4STLbcVXUw^tKZP-KPa\KP=o;`+PaNKKZVX\KLS_NVw|-sZVXKZP^tK4STLb_q3VXUXâKZP]_âPa`^t`+P`\âKZPae`jkJ^
LVw^N+KZP=KZVX\K-PaKZ`K\sZYTM[\Y[nSTPL`\+YLST
r YTUXVWjkJdVXe^1`
r PbcKVWNK]_âPa`^t`+PaKZ\do;`PaN+KN+KZP
LUXKZLKZ\âVWKPa`\Y[etM[`+npo4M[\NzM[bY[KZeajkJM7r ^ts^&x>M[e6\-M[jkJ+nS[UWYTK\NKG63~UXSo;-M[ee&VXUXâKZP![STLq
KZ\eVWKP^;NK\}-M[eeab-M[\+NNPaS_STVXL]_VWYT\M[UWbM[\Nix$KPsZ`)KZPoM7P^tK\NK]'`+beâPtM7âbcKN-M[Pn
UM[
r [êVWjkJ}M[\@M7\N~NKZPVXUXâKZPU8M[
r \+YTK)M[bejkJM7r ^tsKZ\~-KPa\KPo;`PaNK\}N+VWKgiSTP^tKZVXUXKKZVX\KZe
1M[UWb+b-M[\N'q VXUXâKZPae=bKZV&NKPx$KZsZVXLM7^tVXST\hn/
r` P>NVXKZeKzm1\oKZ\+N`\YM[`+nYTKsZKZVXY[^Zzx$VXK;KM[Uq
VXeaVXKZP`\YRNKe3VXUw^tKZPeVXe^LVX^[ST\Q[KZ\^tVXST\KUWUXKZ\ymM[`+e^tKVW\+KZ\LST
r YTUXVWjkJ&VX\K
M[Uw^tKPa\-M{^tVwQTKzKZM[UWVXeaVXKZP`\YTenSTPaLVXe^NVXKz63Gq iIg]_âPa`^t`+PcKPaVXS'NVXjM7U^tVXLK/q8Q7M[P'VX\Y
jS'KzjVWK\^tetoKZUXjkJKM[bejkJUWVXKZ[KZ\NRbKZejkJPaVXKZbKZ\o;`PaNK7
VwQ
d
hv
f#
GTXBXW7tk7[+=tw
a-R[X icX-TZ
>tZ +Wt=G4

; =ta h - !>t

#"%$&a (')+*>'+
,+ -%a.c1 /TX- +a/%Z[ t+W
0 [-- !a21143.5'>'7689 :akZ1;a- t{tX cia
TX[WX[=t 4$&a =<ZW ?>@A3T k!a.BCDZ.aX

/ /%t EXWw
) FaZ:aGT2HXa
-[X );:
tvaaZW7tXt
1 )ZT.t /T
I
WG +JKWLZ

MONQPSRT%UWVWX8RYZ\[]ZS[_^_Za`cb@`cb#d9e(RY,RP!f(T#ghdjik[cd:RmlnR7ipoR7icdrqsdjT `tdjiuWeQdj^_v w7ic`:ux_y

z:fQTWZ\Y7d:it[cZ{`K|=wo.xQbWwhghd&yK[pPSRTg}uWX(d:v#Ric`c~d:T`Qw7oAPad
`ticZSjR7PATW7Z\TWd:djitZaTW

@
]Ks
)5 ! .
Ks
)...@ !
=
%.

@.=

-: ! .
#
#c
W
#(
}
@
@,
m

}
O

Qpst
9
.
5- .-! 7
. -: ! .
)...C: !

5
!:@- !

8 =).
5- ..

5- . : !-#
#n

=jj 7
:
+&: :-
+&:25 -
8 =5 }cFO j
8 =5 }p:O
:
2=A:
- }#!
- }#&:
: h
- k %=
( :
F
D

8GC:
8GC7;}
S t
SO.
8GC: }=F
GD& 7;}
c7
8GC: }
%L2
FhW-
4W_
5sW
c7Lp
.sA5sW
c7
c7#"D
$Q%5
&
'
_
Qc

!_
!Qpc
sh%()$F WA
*,+-*
*,+DC
*,+YX
*,+dc
*,+Dl
*,+Y\
&
.0/2143657. 8:9<;2=?>@,8:A ++4++4+4++4++4+B++4+4++4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++ *

EF-G,FIHJ9<K(L FMKIHN1O8#LQP2;SRQ9<A1T;UHJ9VKM=W+4++4+B++4+4++4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++ C
E1OZTF-A9[HNF-@,;L FMKIHN1O8:= +4++4+4++4++4+B++4+4++4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++ \
*,+YXS+-* ]^P2KIHNF-=_HJ9VG,14E1TZTF-A`9VHNF-@,;^LF-K-H:1T8:=a+4+4++4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++ b
ef@,AghLF-KIHN1T8_= +B+4++4++4+4++4++4+B++4+4++4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++ *,*
*,+dc2+-* ei9<=:ZT9<R21TRhef@,Ajg^LF-K-H:1T8_=k++4+B++4+4++4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++ *%l
*,+dc2+DC m/Q9<8_n1O;21TRef@,AjgLF-K-H:1T8B++4+B++4+4++4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++ *b
o#;pH:FI57oqK-Fr9V=:F-;2G +B+4++4++4+4++4++4+B++4+4++4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++sC,C
*,+Dl+-* oqK-Fr9<=utv1?w?1OZOHNF-@,;xP2=:F-;2Gyef@,AjgLF-K-H:1T8:=z+4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++sC,C
LF-;2FIHN1{|@,8:R5~}(1T;2G<H:/1TZ6HN= +4++4+B++4+4++4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++sCVc
*,+Y\S+-* #P2Ag1O8#tv1TnS8:1T=_1T;UHJ9[HNF-@,; +4+B++4+4++4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++sCVc
FMF
,D
,YSD u,S22<u,-:s4444B444444B444s,
,YSY _22[N-,V2v,2S2MS_:,_ 4444B444s,
i~MINO 444444B444444B444s,
,D- #<SIp~M<2T^M<-uu2jT#uO2:O:OpNVN-, B444s<
,DD 2<UN-V:M,^:_,44B444444B444U
,DY #<SIp`SvT2_T:OUJV:M, 444444B444U
,Dd #<SIp~SvT2_T:OUJV:M, 444444B444,
,DD 024T:-,^-%,vi-INTf4444B444,
[)
Q
- ij?f<p<T?NT N_2O:2: 444B444444B444<
D -,IJ<( MINO#O:-,^M 44B444444B444U
Y :<,_TuT<M-[N-,4444B444444B444U
p[TQ ^SWppV

S- ~UN_S2O:M,B444444B444444B444,
SD Q222<TUJ<-B444444B444444B444U
SD- J<SM--~444444B444444B444,
SDD M<Q<7N[#<M_B#V:M^Sqx444444B444,
SY u,2-2<)TO:444444B444444B444p
Sd Of M2r[N-,)<4444B444444B444U
SD 024ij?^ 22MV:,44B444444B444U
SD- 02B ,,-,<4444B444444B444U
SDD SMIIO:TU:r<)S~UNO,NV:,44444B444p
SDY ~22Su,O:-U<N:TVNOp4B444444B444p
SV(S[kpQUS%
^

2- ~UN_S2O:M,B444444B444444B444s<
2D #f~i<_T T:M<-_::-2SNOhx2-:MSM-V:M<444B444s
--
2Y
2d
28
2F C
L
^S-:V
OV: --
44B444444B444<
fI

_V "!!# $% &(') +*,- MI ./*0!S ..U& V: 21435"67
:92< ;=
9>+*,?-I
v@A
OB

= 444444B444D
C#E
G%6_
HfSM@ 92@ IJf@ : &K:644B444444B444D
C#E
MON:PRQTSVU-WYXZ\[(U]N^`_bacZ#SVNedGf.gDdQihjacNlk

8o
@E
Y

S O: B444444B444444B444DC$o
pq :.r T@
U5s%UN@tRV:
444B444444B444DCC
8o@E
u. &2@ v #
(
92 .ws= xp: t
VN@ yB ,@ 6 44B444
zE
{B%9#|q%*0(!2@
(
U
VN@ 44B444444B444
zV
*0 9
MON:PRQTSVU]QiU}S7Z~]h)aQTP.acZ#SVN>dGf.gdQTh)aRN:k
S
CS8o
C @E
SY
C
Sd
C
C 8
mVn
S O: B444444B444444B444z%
1/ %! 6
9e
_ O: 5') i2 6B
6_ I% 444444B444D

CS8o@E
!. T< ;= R[N@ 6
4444B444444B444D

CS8o8 o
G|q x &
xIH
T@ VN@ 4B444444B444D

CS8 oY
.`p&
%IH. T@ [N@ 4B444444B444D
$o
pq A+*,? MI
.pG%6
%94B444444B444D
,
CSYS@ E
,
<M@ tR[N@ %'
H@ 6_"
%I 444444B444D
,
pq A+*,? MI
.pG%6
%9
.6:@ I>+#%(!2@ Ey44444B444444B444D
$o
CSd2@ E
MI
.1/ !V
?N@
6 444B444444B444D
$o
CSd28 o
{"%9#|GxH,.vp2

(
U 6 4B444444B444D
$
CSd2Y
"^
:92@ ; RV: A %' pq +*,MI .BpG%6
%9 44D

CSd2d
=%!.
9>pq >--

B4B444444B444
Ec,
=x!V
.9pq >-I

G+*,?pq (!.6V BpG%6
%9
.6:@ I>+#%(!2@ wox44444B444444B444
EcC
CS8 @ E
MI
.1/ !V
?N@
6 444B444444B444
EcC
CS8 8 o
{"%9#|GxH,.vp2

(
U 6 4B444444B444
EE
*0 9
#F
"x@0G%A+@@
HHHHHHHHHHHHHc
#F#@
#8
..(@=x@A%]q:.
@
$HHHHHHH
qA"x@0G%A+@@
G%R%#
.@>+#%(@HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
#F
#F
H"%<GxA+<.B
`@
HHHHHHHHH
#88
HY$0#R%@.
%B=%.
eq+@@
HHH%
+?u<.R%@@
%(/G+@<
B:`\HHHHc
#F#@

.@#@A%]]%x
#F#8
"%#GxH.l
(
$
#%
HHHHHHHHHc
HHHHHHHHHHc%
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHc$
Vu$Tu
TV]
#8@
:b
T)clO$$)V=u$]
u@
@+@<
Bq:.
@
$B).@>+#%(@w
8Dw
:.
%
Fw
:.
#
c
HHHHHHHc
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHR
HHHHHHHHHHHHHR
w.@
@cx
8Dw.@
@cx
%bF
Fw.@
@R#
HHHHHHHHHHHHHR$
8Dw.@
:=
HHHHHHHHHHHHH
Fw.cx%b
HHHHHHHHHHHHRl
HHHHHHHHHHR$
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHx
i`(VJll:u:
:V
"

76
IH
_^
75
IF
7
^
^76
ÎH
^_^
^75
ÎF

"!#%$&(') *+
-,.0/-1 23233234232332 5
8 ""9$-8: #;( !#=<>!:*%@?A!9B@CD?:$ /E23233234232332 GF
JK99BLM0$N#/POQ SRTJU $ !#V<>!: *3JUW:XY. BZ![4232332\H]
`9 /%'A904a-bc;%"0BL#d$)<>!Aea9/%fRS69ghRTH3#!//i
jTakRlJUW:Xm
&
b2"$n *:'A!9 /L "#o9 *Z!< *k $ # !#p9#/e'kqsrt $n*%k"#%;%u$ o#(9
'Q! /V "#o9 * 243232332323423323233234232332\H%
v.;(9#d "w !#PcV<>!)a-9/xfRlyz00$ #d/D?A!M{p"#d$ 232332\Hd6
|U#!/ #oZ<>!:*2?A!c{Z #d $ #Pa-9/xfRTHLa)0$ #d} "!#~232332\Hd6
|U#!/ #oZ<>!:*2?A!c{Z #d $ #Pa-9/xfRl^Za)0$ #d} "!#~232332\HH
a)b; /P`9 /%'A90N<>!kz-WARTO:9$0/i
jTa
ka)9 w "!#&%')*0
B $ *)!c{Z #dA "#o9*&z *)!;%%;%A/}t #o9 *9#%/1*)(
!0/323324323233232342332323323423233256
a)b; /`N90/%': L<>!3+V; pY. BZ !#~
" &')*0pB $
*k!c{Z #d #o9 *&1*%A( U!9 /u9#/ez*%k#c;%B@Cu!9<(9 9 "
0!$0$ #o(*$)323233232342332323323423233259H
1-;B@C-!9<M "$-<>!-,LA,t 9#/$ 332323323423233259
a)b; /`N /%'A9 e<>!. *LOA0RT09 ;%;% e') *#(9 u?A! ;BL#
8//409 "w/D')*?:9 SdRS%L8//0$&')* LB $.*%e!c{Z #d
#o*+#/i1 *t( )!0/2>$0cBLBZM0"3!c{Z #d $M 423233259
`9 /%'A90a-bc;%"0BL#d$=<>! *OA0RT09 8N0}* M;0 #WK 9#$TR
!$ /+
(!0Bi&')*02B"$)*4!M{p#d "#o*d9#/V1*t( -!9 / F]
O:$ @!o 4OA !}$ 32332323423323233234232332\F%
f
"%p32332323423323233234232332\9

7 . (9d " PcD232332323423323233234232332\
I ) 9 %A90~>P V . p "V)9%
V% " M p39(..d9%zh3323233234232332
_ ) p9 :90A>:V k."Z "9e % 4:90
% 9=k"L2.c +i "%"% p4(Nt 32332
% K99LM0->9) 4:ASc93 -:909@49P 2332\%
%7 K99LM0->9) 4k MTc}992K"-:9 9@tP- 332\d
%I Ph% @% ""9L: ( "99[ 9.09 Vd
"9A@V 2z9% hc49Ph 34232332\d
%_ Ph% @%""9t:0( 9%K9 0(9~. c9uLLc
A2+ 2M@9% h-94Ph 233234232332\
%7 9 %A90) Zd@>t L"9cT%"9 li09(90A9@
-@0t%t4 32332323423323233234232332\
%I Ph% @%""9A:0c 9%90 (. cZ9 N0(9 %
A2+ z9% hc4V 32332342323322G9
%7 %ZZ9S=93 -9L 0->: %9L 342323322G
%I 9 %A90@) ZdNK 2(90+A@V 2323322
%I 0" AS"" p A9@9%N l:9" Z>Z9
G9 ."Z "i9d 323234233232332342323322h9
% G) Zd. P9"4A c}c)>: 3TklU:"D42323322G9
% %ZZ90" V9K 3 )K9 k0" +"=%"A(92G
"
N dD

"!$#&%'() ******+*** ,
-, .0/213.45 ()657859(:;<.=9 **+******+*** >
?> !&7@ (A! (+5 B C.0 D(:E7@FG3G():HBE**+*** I
KJ D())L.=DMNH.0/21O.45 ()QPRDST(:)5HBD57U***+*** I
-V WXB7@ Y@F@(A!&Z[(:;DY\]57^S\(():HB78_`9&)(:%9%a**+*** b
?c D())L.=DMNH.0/21O.45 ()QPRDSd! # ()95Ae
()fH:(:7g% *** b
-I eQ%9hF\(:Fd():ij7G.05 ()k**+******+*** ml
?b .=D()n$Y@(:7@;#8(::HB7G578HeQ%D:F@()FT.0 D(:L! DDY@;Y@9(o+*** ml
?p WXB7@ Y@F@(1R(:%DZ[7@%9(BNHe
qT.0 D(:QPR S8+rsmct*+*** m>
mlue
qT.0 (:6PR S8(:)5HBD57 *+******+*** hJ
v_4%D%9q=7@Fd9&ZX******+******+*** hJ
w,xeQ%9hF\(:Fye
qX.45 ()RPR S8(:)5HBD57z*****+*** wV
m>uWXB7@ Y@F@(1R(:%DZ[7@%9(BNHeQ%9hF@()Fde
qT.0 (:QPR SX(:)5HBD57 mc
hJu
0DS@({|P
}! (*e
qT.0 D(:H***+*** wI
wV~
0DS@(+ 5()7@DS&;+je
AqX.0 D(:R989F@(:G** mb
mcx.=D()n$Y@(:7@;#81E()%DZ[7@%D(*S@(+ (:7@BS&+sBe
qT.0 (:EcB9DF\(: mb
wIx!&S@DZ[(:7@()Fde
qT.0 (:RorJ@=rab}******+***k,l
mbx
0DS@(!&S=9Z()7@(:FXe
qT.0 D(: ***+***k,&
mpx1R(:F@DhPR7T
&M4DS@(!&S=9Z()7@(:FTe
Aq8.0 D(:***k,&
-,l~L 55%_D(;()7$D57v57<(:D%DZ@ (:F{e
7g(:'()D%:`%DZ@ 5()Fv%D7=
PR S@Y\ 7@F^PR SUqq=B7@F&| H j7****+***k,>
-,&UL 55%L1E(2'(:)D57GPR SXe
Aq8.0 D(:9%}+******+***k,>

-D@\hBD5@}@GR@@@@ **+******+***k
-x
0D@*02Q2Q0D: *****+***k
-B&:5@H;&@ R@+@ LD@ +******+***k
-x<)02Q2Q05 ) ***+******+***
-u&@*<@&@\D;
)5CR:9=9
&;i)5)g+&; ***\
&
0D@<:9@@}a
$:':*+***
&- C45 )L)D805m **+******+***g
&?
0D@+@D9:X
\=@BD5 ***+***g
\ &[:;D6L59^:@9|z6\@&D\:A @@5B:=ghj
E59AC;:k+******+******+***
\- |g)jERh5:BG5X@4)@@ \a*****+***@
\? =:)@=LH\5 =:*****+******+***g
\K |@:"|g:BDR@G|g:BD6RDG=\D*L@5 =)+***g
\-
D)@<5B@+|g)j+******+***
\? )DD:8<@@:LE)D[@D+)D9@L9h$:8R:D[@9^+***g
\-
0D@+2N"QA'8 @@5BD]***+***g
\? w:&[:)DD@0D@+2N"QA'8 @@5B ***+***g
\? 8 @@5BDL{&@\<&[:;9@<:B5=D) \:@;GL\j***g
\mu8 @@5BDL{&@\<&[:;9@**+******+***g
\8 @@5BDL{&@\<&[:;9@]BD:ECwR@DL0D:D@ +***g
\wx
D)@<5B@+2N"QA'G&@\BD ***+***g
@ "L
|Q9:d :D5"9DD@\)8LD @;****+***k
@- LD@ ))\DAB4D@8@ BD):HB805 )**+***kB
@? 6@R:9D:D)XL@@:&@&B)~+******+***kB
@K 6@
92&:9CLD@ ))D@D+RDT$&)DD
)H::gD ***k
@-
92&:9B|
@K<
@5):g+8\D5@:d*****+***k
@? 8\D5):0QD'$2\h*<@\:T**+******+***k
@- 02345 )65G4D@99:XD *+******+***k
&
@?
92&:9BC<@@) @\D)Do**+******+***
@
0D: Rh hBD5 3 D
9' :D5<D H;v= 9: O \
[ D) = *****+******+***
@ m 8 @ =: D)) = L 0D: R :) HBD5 @ s
)DD
H)5 $ *****+******+***

0 @ 9@)D@D *+******+***
@' :) HBD Q @ @ \5*****+***
[:) @hBD5 Q @ R @5:B ]+******+***
K DD: =D $@ @ R D* D @: \ @\ k
9= @ R @* D \: @ @@ ****+***
? =D $@ @ E [ D R m
= gD :B
+

=D $@ @ E [ D R m
= gD :B D X
@
? =D $@ @ R [ 9 R ms = $D :B
*
=D $@ @ E [ D R m
= gD :B D X
@
m =D $@ @ R [ 9 R s = $D :B
*
=D $@ @ E [ D R
= gD :B D X
@
=D $@ @ R [ 9 R A = $D :B
*
=D $@ @ E [ D R
= gD :B D X
@
h =D $@ @ R [ 9 R B = $D :B
*

=D $@ @ E [ D R BH
= gD :B D X
@
mx
G&h i 4 @{ )
H: g *****+***
0 :
H: g D: m
{@ g hBD5 ***+***
m 0 :
H: g < 0gBD $ELD )D5 **+***
45 ) R = gD ):
H)5 $
h@ **
~LD @ ))\DA N 8@ j :: HB 0D: \D\D D:* @DgB
8\D @ & 0 <\X \8L:: A@5B \*+***
8\D5DB 05 ) RhB5 hBD5 9 8@ @ &:vL@BL:: A@5B
\XQ9D) @ :+*****+******+***

10
23
:
;

+*
.-/

5!

$#

%
768
<
+>
P&Q
+
I#
S
UT
VH1W9XZY[L
+>
P&Q
+
I#
S
UT
VH
+>
P&/
?
U#

7T
VHW9XZY[L

B(C

O(C
D&'
D&'
PEQF
+E@F
G#IHKJML

+>
P&Q
+
I#
S
UT
VH
_
+>
P&/
?
U#
@0
7T
VHW9XZY[L
`
+>
P&Q
+
I#
=0
UT
VH
G0a
+>
P&/
?
U#
@00
7T
VHW9XZY[L
R:_
+>
P&Q
+
I#
=00
UT
VH

+>
P&/
?
U#
@0
7T
VHW9XZY[L
+>
P&Q
+
I#
=0
UT
VH
Gâ
<(
+*
9!
<(
+*
=
R_d
10
10;
100_
.-
_

e#
.
9!

T
9!
)
%
A
P8
B
$
;
]
+*
(
+*
h
!
UT
%

<(
%m
!

;UL]:D0
=\7 H2

;UL]:D0
=\7 H2
;UL]:D0
=\7 H2

=\7 H2

<L]:D0
;UL]:D0b^
c^
c^0
c^:

=\7 HK2
c^:
?HfJMLgR
Q
;H>/Lg
4i

c^:
I!

.fjk^
hl<
P8
c^^

c^
8;E
R#
'&'

? A
9

1^
+&@

"

%
?>
!

<!
=

!
4

)(

n;o1pqartsurwvexyyAz?{}|;~
z?y
o4oho4o4oho4oho4oIoho4o4oho4oho4o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4ohoc
o
e9|.xzh3z?+%
x9%
o1p
5~yAz?z|'xzh3z??
oq
vC{
'./3xyxg~zhC$dex9x9zBo4oho4o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4ohoq
or
nA@yz+y<C$Q

{
z?y5[
~=3z+?
o1n
exAxzh}y[{
z?9~;
o
9A@yz+y<C$Q

{
z?y5[
~=3z+?
o1
exAxzh}zh{
z?9~;wx@zI{%z+~'?h=
{z?yoIoho4oho4o4oho
o
exAxzh}zh{
z?9~;wx@zI{%z+~'.R?$%{z+yoho4oho4o4oho
o
A@yz+y<C$Q
{
z?y5[
~=3z+?
x9

o
RexAxzh@{
z?~;.
o4o4oho4oho4oIoho4o4oho4oho4o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4oho
o4oho4oho4oIoho4o4oho4oho4o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4ohoDp
x9
QkMo4o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4ohoD
x9QzI{%z+~'.R?$Q%{z+yoho4oho4o4ohoD
x9
QkMo4o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4oho
x9
QkR
o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4oho
x9QzI{%z+~'pp)?$Q%{z+yoho4oho4o4oho
o
`9A@yz+y<C$Q
{
z?y5[
~=3z+?
x9
QkR
o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4oho
o
Gp_exAxzhzPz+{%z+~;.RxQz4{
z?~;pp)?h=%{z+y<o4oho4o4oho
o
Rq_vC{
'.a3%xyx]~zCh%{z+yexAxz{%{
RCz+D~z
CKz?x9y
oIo4oho4oho4o4oho4oho4oIoho4o4oho4oho4o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4ohoq
o
rCKzyAz?z?+[z?Afzx9<~z$]~z)z+?C$

{z?yh4yAz+z+y[Ap]qRp;on;7oIoho4o4oho4oho4o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4ohor
o
Gn5~zz+
yz?)`CKz?x9yyz+'z?P47z+KzyV~zuU.xz
ChexAxz
o4oho4oho4o4oho4oho4oIoho4o4oho4oho4o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4ohor
o
R_yz+z?PQ7z+Kz4}~zhCh|.xz+7x=Cfz+x9%
{
z?yòr
o
G_Uz+yx{
{}yz?z++@[z?Afz4yAwx9{%
?z+QAp]qGp;o1n9'<
oho4o4ohor
o
R_[zx{

x9%@}~zhCh
{z?yhoho4oIoho4o4oho4oho4o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4oho
o
RdZx'vC{
;.B3xyx~z]yz?+yA
z)C$Q%{z+yIZKvC{%'.O3%xyx
~zhQR'
w7z+yxzh
{
z?y5o4oho4oIoho4o4oho4oho4o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4ohoD
o1p_vC{
'./3xyxg~zIU|;yxP<<4oho4oho4o4oho4oIoho4oho4o4ohoD
o1p;Uz+yx{
{|'yA+yzI~zhCh=%{z+y?3z?+%
x9%Q
[[~G[bo4oho
o1ppavC{
'.I3xyx9~zu9A.x9zeC$ex9x9z[~$Cfz+xy9R
''
1_+?P@7+KAh5];[93UC$Q
?e
?+QwI=<
h44h4h4Ih44h4h44h4Ih4h44hhR
19CKA??+[?Af9<$])+?C$

?h4A++[w]R;;74Ih44h4h44h4Ih4h44hhR
1a+?P_[?AfQUC
++Q[?KA
K?9
?AO?
+P
h4h44h4h4Ih44h4h44h4Ih4h44hhR
1_+?Pb7+KAS9hSC$'?@C
?
+
K?++w[?Af7f7
?e?[
1
1
C
'.

hI4h4h44h4h4Ih44h4h44h4Ih4h44hhR

1
K?9%

%
%
hI4h4h44h4h4Ih44h4h44h4Ih4h44hhR
3e4'?C$=e?

;K?+Ch
?5
?;
kM4h4h44h4Ih4h44hhR
;K?+Ch
?5
?;R

4h4Ih4h44hhRD
h4h44h4Ih4h44hhR

C
'.
3gh;Af+?=Ch;d%+7e?mh44hhR
D
3+
?=?++@[?Af4}h;+?=
?7'gh4h44hhR

_+?PQ7+K4< ?
4h4h44h4Ih4h44hhR
+?PQ7+K4<
gR4h4h44h4Ih4h44hhR
!
D_CKh+'?P@7+Kh<I7 ?ZG <Ih4h44hhR
"

#$
7?w
)
&%
wA?;K?+ChB%+
'% (
[w]%
[%
3+?
w

h44hI4h4h44h4h4Ih44h4h44h4Ih4h44hhR
+?P)[?Afe9e;K?+Ch
??A
C)
K?9b44hI4h4h44h4h4Ih44h4h44h4Ih4h44hhR
+*
*
+*

, .-

_+?PQ7+K4
5
9[?%@
A3D
4h4h44h4Ih4h44hh
?4Ih44h4h44h4Ih4h44hh
*
+*
*/!102*
3 54
3 54
D_+?PQ7+K4
?7
GZGbh4h44h4Ih4h44hh
CKh+'?P@7+K4
%
+* %
h4h44hh
76
76
a+?PQ7+K4<G
[SG
3D%?9+C'
?
?DhG
D_+?PQ7+K4
[SG
3D%?9+C'
?
?DhG
''%
89;::=<?>@@A>BDCFEHGJIDIDKJLNM OQPRTSVUTW&XHGZY\[^]`_3abGZY+cedD>BfY\GJUg> YLhCFibMjL7kml7GnL7BoY@p9N9.9.]]`_

89;:oqabKJMjl rstGu>vw\>xyMOY[DL.z{[>wI|L7BDLhC2ibMx.A~}GJKJYLhw 9N9N9.9N99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]]g:
89;:f8EHLhCDw>gXHBaKnMjl rmstGu>vw\>xMOY[DLz{[D>wILhBDL7CibMx(A}?GnKZY\L7wOMwY\[DGJ@o
>xIDKJL 9.9N9N9.99N9.9N9.9N9N9.9N9.9N99.9N9N9.9N9.9N9N9.9N99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]]g:
89;:o<GJI|L7KnGJBDLhC25CDCDL7wOMwY\[DL.ibMx.A~}GJKZY\LhwxIDKJLhxL7BoY\> Y\GJMB 99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]]`q
89;:fP+>KJOa>BDC}GJKJYLhw 9.9N9.9N9N9.9N9.9N99.9N9N9.9N9.9N9N9.9N99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]]`
89;:f=ibMx.AP+>KJOa>BDC}GJKZY\Lhw+i>@lg>CL99.9N9N9.9N9.9N9N9.9N99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]]'
89qstL/Y\LhwxGnB>TY\GJMBM OY\[LNGJxIDdDKJ@L.EL7@IMBD@L.MOY\[L.P+>KZOa>BC}?GnKZY\L7w59N9.9.]]'
89q{]}wL7odDLhBDl/EL7@IMBD@LNMOY\[DLNP+>KJOa>BDC}GJKZY\Lhw>xIDKJL99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]]'
89q_abKJMjl rstGu>vw\>xyMOY[DL.z{[>wI|L7BDLhC2ibMx.A~}GJKJYLhwXHGZY\[P5>KZOab>BDC}GnKZY\L7w@{]`_{]
89q=5L7w\>KJK}wLhodDL7BDl7EHLh@I|MBD@LNMOY\[DLew@Y+P5>KZOab>BDC}GJKJYLhw9N9.9N9N9.9.]`__
89q :=<?>@@A>BDCzjLhl7YGnMBMOY\[LDw@Y+P+>KJOa>BDC}GJKZY\Lhw9N9N9.9N99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]`__
89qq<KJMYYLhCFibMjL7kml7GnL7BoY@+M OY\[LDw@Y+P+>KJOa>BDC}GJKZY\Lhw75?)_ 9N9N9.9.]`_
89q8=5L7w\>KJK}wLhodDL7BDl7EHLh@I|MBD@LNMOY\[DL@L7lhMBC~P5> KJOa>BDC}GJKJYLhwm9.9N9N9.9.]`_ :
89q<?>@@A>BDCzjLhl7YGnMBMOY\[LN@Lhl7MBDC~P+>KZOa>BC}?GnKZY\L7w9N9.9N99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]`_ :
89q<KJMYYLhCFibMjL7kml7GnL7BoY@+M OY\[LN@Lhl7MBDCP5>KZOa> BDC2}?GnKZY\L7wh+e::9N9.9.]`_8
89q=5L7w\>KJK}wLhodDL7BDl7EHLh@I|MBD@LNMOY\[DLeY\[GnwC2P+>KJOa>BDC}GJKZY\Lhw9N9.9N9N9.9.]`_8
898<?>@@A>BDCzjLhl7YGnMBMOY\[LY[DGJwCP5>KZOa> BDC}GnKZY\L7w.9N9N9.9N99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]`_8
898]<KJMYYLhCFibMjL7kml7GnL7BoY@+M OY\[LY[DGJwCP5>KZOab>BDC}GnKZY\L7wh+Re89N9.9.]`_
898f_<?>@@A>BDCFEHGJIDIDKJLNM O?Y[DLM`Lhw>KnKP+>KJOa>BDC}GJKZY\Lhw9N9.9N99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]`_
898}wL7odDLhBDl/EL7@IMBD@LNMOY\[DL.z{[D>wILhBDL7C~ibMx(A~}?GnKZY\L7whNest:~9N9.9.]`_
898:=<?>@@A>BDCFstwM{MIMO?Y[DL.z{[>wI|L7BDLhC~ibMx(A}GJKJYLhw7.eDse:9.9N9N9.9.]`_
898fq}E<}GJKJYLhw7<?LhwGu> CDGnlh>KJKJfGJxL.>wjGnBDvibMjL7kmlhGJLhBfY\@5/hg''7\/o]']
8988=5L7w\>KJK}E<}GnKZY\L7w 9N9.9N9.9N99.9N9N9.9N9.9N9N9.9N99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]'f_
898fstL7@GJwLhC2}wLhodDL7BDl7EHLh@I|MBD@LNMOY\[DL?>wvL/Y+}GnKZY\L7wh:f 9.9N9N9.9.]'
898=ibMjL7kmlhGJLhBfY@5MOY\[DL?>wvL7Y+}GJKJYLhwh:o9.9N9.9N9N9.9N99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]'
898E>CDGoBDl7M{CLhCFibMjL7kml7GnL7BoY@5OMw>?>wvL7Y+}GJKJYLhwHXHGJY[]'CazjY\MIj
A> BDCYY\L7BjdD> Y\GJMB:o s 9.9N9N9.9N9.9N9N9.9N99.9N9.9N9N9.9.]'
{jGJGnG
DoD7{hFbj7m7n7o5?7+JJhHHJ'j\j

D\7jD \Jo y'.NN.N.NN.N.N.NN..'
{Do2D7{hbj7mhJhfN?/?nZ\7NHZ\pj\j
D\7jD \Jy' N.N.NN.N.NN.N.N.NN..'
{JDJN5D{ \/tb7nH3hb{/7n7f{/ .N.NN..'f
p~
t ..o
!

"$#&%('*),+.-0/21&354762-08:9;3=<&35%?>@+.6A>B%?30CD-09;E%GFH9;1&%?/2-I+09H8
%J)K9;1MLN/2-59O/N1M+=35PQ3R+.%?8
3SUTV"$W0X476-Y>&9;30C?-5%D+0%*)
+09H8
%(309;Z1[/2F;3/N3I+0#&%\TY/2]BFO/2CD%(+0-./21B35476-58^>&6Q%?3Y476-_+.#&%G/21[/2F`PQ309;3624BC?61a+09H1&62<&3R),+.9;8 %G309;Z1[/2F;3
9;1bTV"$Wc3RPV3R+.%D8 3Dd\"$#&%e+.-./N1&35476-58f359H8
]&F;9`g[%?3$+.#B%A309;Z1[/NFh/21[/NF;PQ309;3/21&>i8 /2jN%?3$9`+k]l630359HEBFH%
+06iCm#[/2-./NCD+.%D-09;'?% /bTV"$Wn35PQ35+0%?8bdo"$#&%
'J)p+.-0/21&3R476-08q476-r/sjM1&6t1u35%?vM<&%D1&C?%xwhSU1Xt#&%D-0%
)zy {n1h{|y 9;3>&%Dg&1&%?>}EMP
~
S7'X whSU1XG' M
Szd;NX
t#&%D-0%o'9H3A/CD68
]&FH%JwLN/2-59O/2EBFH%Nde"$#&%'*)pJ+0-./2 1B 35476-58624/35%?vM<&%?1BC?%xC/N1E%@LQ9H%*t\%D>u/N3/
<&1B9HvM<&%o-5%?]&-5%?35%?1a+m/N+09H6216N4c+.#&%o359HZ21[/2FI30%?vM<&%D1&C?%owhSU1lX9H1}+.#&%oCD68
]&F;%*w'J)K]&FH/21&%Ndrr1&6tk)
9;1&Zs+.#B%o]62FH%J)K'?%D-06sF;6QC/N+09H61B3?+0#&%o35PQ3R+.%?8C/21El%o%?3R+.9;8 /N+.%D>t9`+.#-5%?Za/N-0>+.635+m/NE&9HF;9`+KPd
n%?-0%D9H1b+.#B%@<B1&9;+nCD9H-5C?F;%]&FH/PQ3A/21b9;8
]6-R+m/21a+n-062FH%Nd
"$#&%$'J)p+0-./21&3R476-089H3/N1x9H1Bg&1&9;+0%]6tG%?-c30%D-09;%?3(/21&>
CD61aL%?-5Z%?3(%DL2%?-RPQt#B%?-0%e9H1o+0#&%$'*)p]&FH/21&%
61BF;Pb9`4whSU1X\9;3e624g[1&9`+.%@>&<&-./+.9;61hd$"$#&%@'*),+.-./N1&35476-58C?61aL2%?-0Z2%?3%*L%?-RPMt#&%?-5%x6<B+.359H>B%o/
CD9H-5C?F;%$624-./2>B9H<&3rI9`4[+.#&%\30%?vM<&%D1&C?%kwhSU1lXY9H3cC?/2<&30/2FNt#[/N+c8
%/N1&3whSU1X n476-cB{k{1
{|ydI~
SU'X=C?61aL%D-0Z%D3\9;1&309;>&%e/@CD9H-5C?F;%e6N4-0/2>&9;<&3(na9`4+0#&%30%?vM<&%D1&C?%whSU1X9H31&621&C/2<B3./2FU
6-$9;1}/ 8
6-5%4762-08 /2Fh%JwB]B-0%?35309;61476-\)zy {:1{ee:x9H3$whSU1X VdG=9H1[/NFHF`P[9`4=whSU1lX\9;3
>&%*g[1&%D>6L%D-$)zy {rk{:1{eeA{|yV+.#&%D1}~
S7'X(CD61aL%?-5Z%?3eE%*+Kt\%D%?1+0#&%?35%CD9H-5C?F;%?3Dd
nA=2z
=bGnI*$
:&;`m2_RQ5.DHnD&?02Hì&D0D0;Dai;0$..N&57D7B&D0H
oU
77a
z
&R.&D0
0NMr&H2;.2&5QR.?`.x7D?&[Nm
2& 2 2&&`.`&2H5n5&5?n2c0B
; H2&0 2H ;$&?5?0;l?a.&0;[N.02&57Dk7&&*.; ,V( N&b&;0.02&R7?
7&BD.; n(m[ & V ;n2;2?a
zQ
e5MUc .Um U
Uc|
2Bb0& e H&*.D0
HB?a
eVM7 mU
xUc
zV
;&5 ; 5&e0&&HQms&H202Ncx&;;.2hRVR.D`.b7?D&[2m
Q(z)
X(z)
H t (z)
Y(z)
;&5 2H HQmiH2.N2

H`mN Q50?
J ? D|Drb rs
&;`m2[`.D=;=D &;D.D;m[202D0?5 ?oa@;0=B
?5?&D\ M[.; B\&
D0D&?
Q&N.; &?5?0;l?e0&0DON0H2&0& *K\D?; &Be2B}V &B
c N r
z.-M
"! $ #rQ& % '"! ( #r Q ) %+* "! $ #r& ,\
&D0/ ;0&&;0?5D0 0H
@H0 &Bn0;[2YN& .&B1 &Bn0 M&?&D
&r0.2&R7?$7&&*.; 2
&;`m2 &;0?HD&?02;;b`Da
U 24573 6 5 9 8 5 8 :
z= <Q
:
2 :;6
>?A@CBEDGFHJIKMLON DGHCPRQ4ST>ADULPVN
XY$Z\[^]`_a Y(Y(Z9Z9[[ ]cbedMfg Z9Z h h g dMfi Z\Z h h i dkjjjdlfm Z\Z h h m

Y but.v [
g
i
^
q
s
bedlnog dpni dkjjjdlnrq
wVxy/z1{ f|}~ y { ~(| z | ~ z1xy | | {y { } yOzy{R }
Y but= [
XY(Z9[]_a Y(Y(Z9Z9[[ ] bTdlfg Z h g dMfi Z h i djjjdMfm Z h m
Olzy{ } x f { f z1y {1Z y n zx0y } yA{y } o |0} yR{1z1z1y | f}f | zy | uu z1 |
}
Y | [] m h g xY$['Y | [
Y but= [
1
Rxy{1y'Y | [ } zxy | z } |f rxY | [^zxyE } yE{1y } o |} y/ ~ z1xyEzy{ f| Y | [z1xy
z z } |f t wVxy/GOkzy{ }} yz y }Af } f y f | u z1 | z1y { n y f} y
~ z1xy yzx ~ {1y f Z f z |'t yR | zxyOz1y { ~ {uzxyz1 y+"u f | z1xy
}r} zy }f } f y r | f uy { f uyz1y { t&Cn r } zx0yz1{ f|}~ y { ~(| z | ~Vf
Oz1y {R | z1xy ~ {1y y | u f | } y |n
XY$Z9[] m h g xY | [Z h
Y butb [

yAzz }| | {y { } uy } z{ 0 z {1yOkz1y { }Rf {1y f fr}V} z fn y f| &{1yC | y f {
x(n)
z -1
h0
z -1
h1
z -1
z -1
hm
y(n)
h2
{ y ub t Oz1y {V | C{1y zu{1

x f} y) ~ zx0y y y | z }f {1y } yz{1 t wVxy f {yTy }1 z1y ~ u{ f f z |} |
Rx x f|f { n z{ f { f | z y{1y } o |} y } 0y } {1y f| ~ {1y y | } z1u{z1 | y
z1 | | | y f {0x f} y 0} z n y f uuy y t t |f f z1 |0} ~T} y y x{1 y }1} | u{
f } z } | uy | y { f t
wVxy y { ~ {1 f| y ~f GOz1y {R }n | 0y { } z1 n zx0y f f fn y/zy{Az f }f|
ACEGJMO GCR4TAUV
011 1o 1 EC1/ 1 C11+" "T

1Rr 11'u11 1u01 1'V1
/(u^0T 1u0100& +R1
R00101u4G^V u1" 104
u u

u

0411u0 9uR1 " !
#$%
& u #

R1V111 T11
V/1GuoR1V0' ! 1C( ! 1* ) V u

+

#
-,.
0/
R
# u
# $u 2 1 1 u 3'
,. $
4$u
1 6587 u 958:

0
<; 11
& ; u01
5
==> / =?
5
A@ =
1
5 3
@B
5 4
=A
B=B
587
>?
V1u00u' !D C p179u))r! (1(E
uu
#
#GF
>
HJIK&L M$NOQPRTSVUWM$O&XY[ZHM\S]XÛ
àbdc'bfe]gihkjmlnab opj"j'qprsutvc'bdwyxb(rz]{=|8e~}lnab j"l'=oqprsutvc'bdwyxb(rz]{uprse~}Jlnabj'pWoDhkr

tvc"b(w8xb(rzd{= W=c'bxj"bdtvx*bdwyxhkpkb(rAl&bdw8xplnhk=r[lnWsb]lnb(c"WhDrblnablnbdcDbdrlnahkj

jbdw8xplnhk=r
y
l'abilnc'prj"hkl'hD=rqprs
D=m ]
t
V 0 y
0 &
sb(W=rjlncnp~lnb(jd|l'ablnb(ckb(rlnaahDak{[sb(ob(rsj=r[lnab`hkslnat
e$$pqkb j'a`jlnahDjl'cnpsb]2<tv=cpVkòpj"jkl'b(c`hlna

sj"lnoqprspl'l'b(r8xpl'hD=râb<ahD=ab(clnabkl'b(cj'ob(zdhkz(plnhk=rjpc'b|\l'abahD=ab(c
eg
(
_
_
e}
(
_= _
_ _

_
}
_
_
_=
= _
A _
A=
_
_
_
=_ _
= A _
== A _
===
s
0 =
=
=_ 0
= y
Ay
hklnb(cyobdz(hz0pl'hDrj(|`hkl'a$hDlnbdcc"sb(c
=

$pqkb
l'abkl'b(c=c'sbdc(2rpxkl'hDjlpblnbdcjlnc'xzdlnxc'b|^b]=bdc"{Tj'hkr=kbj"lnp=bapjhkl'j`r
j"obdz(hz0pl'hDrj(hk=xc'b
j'a`jpuxlnhkj"lnp=bkl'b(cz0pj'z0psbuprs
qb(zd=Wb(j

V y
k= ]d ]

V 8

t
(
tv=cfl'abhk"[kl'b(cj"lnp=b âbl'cnprj'hlnhk=rqprsqbdz(=Wb(j
t
t
t '
t(
V 0 y
àbdc'be~}V hDjl'abijln=oqprstvc"b(w8xb(rzd{=|eg lnabopj"j'qprsWtvc"b(w8xbdrzd{prsWe~} lnabhDroxl

j'pWoDhkrcnpl'btv=c^j"lnp=b'|c"b(j"obdzdlnh=bdk{
%shD=hlplnbdcfhDjtvxc"l'ab(c"c'bzapc'pzdl'b(c"hDdb(s[qA{<lnabc'b(w8xhkc'bds[z(=Woxlnplnhk=rhkruxlnh
okhkz0pl'hD=rjob(cj"b(z(rs
uxlnhkokhDz(plnhk=rjnjnpWokb
àbdc'be~} sb(rlnb(jJl'abfj'pWoDhkrtvc'bdw8xb(rz]{=|
l'abflnb(cDbdrlnaWprs
lnab^sb(z(hkplnhk=r
J& $QTVW$&[\]^
'nk^"('dAn(=]2
nd "!#$&%('' )+*D"(
,-./- . !0213*
k'D4
k650'D= (^' 5(=
7/8:9
;=<>@?A
B"CD?FEHG
IJ?K C<LNM
2O1QP6=kn
8'6=
'R5(d'"D44
kS5(nk= nn1W4
kk4n'i$n'd4*45(d
^'R5(("T F5dS1'D=U*=Dk4'6=
WVnX
DYV(n1
Dk4[n'*k
k'
5(
S
k(n1
Dk4n'X5(=A=d'"D=Z2T4
k650'D=H*'k4 (''1W4
kD4 nF5S)+*dF
5(61nk=[VS
6
DT\*"'(]1W='W'd4*45dW'/)+*An6%0'D D"/6*"X=^"YV'
4
kR5:_=n1-TW'k4
k] "=F5(61n'6
S
6*nn~nn 5(61~nk= "`5d('da2
bH5(k(A]5k'F5]c*" nu 5(61~n=&k
k`5(nd Tv="und5(y bH5(k(Ae1d*4
k'D
Dk(
(65d'(Df6*"X=gO$d45(*n/13*
k'D4
k650'D=kd]Tv=]1dn"(4*5((
'1W4
Dk4n'fTh]ijQkyD45d0k4]PR1/1Wdn"S5@5(y bH5dDd8'F+T\*"'('0k4= kH5d1
4
kmlnP'='"D
Da6*"2= "YV'D'A5
j& 5(61~nk=<QPHjo1W(' d(pPqjsr]t*n4*i'1W4
DD ' )+*D"( ^ka1W(NTv=
'
k'('(
kS%(nk=hAn =4
uPd(]Pvjsr]t'1W4
kd(Wnw5d1W4*nd x2='dn
0=D
k'k44n'6=
h1d*"n
kS1W]n([nHyz|{~}j6*'2!u"YV'
1=k* " 5d'*41
kyz
T '
D61Wdnd'6=
^='6=k
'F5]n]*41
, {J^(Vn1W4
k( "S
*k(5d'kdQP
p4U'D
j
^ "(*
k'D4 YV'1W4
k(%" 5dn]*41
"FA"( V

4a
]\^R
k d'k65
= , 0R'
'
kd'kS5(
&koy
, {}j^D50
n1
Dk4n~nTyaejO^y&2fS*'v=!<kmV
(lkVn[ya
d65dnd
^ d'6=(uF5dS1'D="
n(~13*"$0=nVs1\'=(nk((k'"F~13*WT\*4
u
6
'F1mD''(+*'D'*2TG "S
k$nx1Wy4*4
Dn=)+*8'S%(nk=
D"xkyF5(hn=k' Tynx
ndmk''F
uT41d*"$ ]*bH5(k(Ac
uP"
DYV$^=k'N50*'(
Vnk[n
ndk("'(A'
6
uP5dmbv5dDdAs)+*A'S%(nk==k''* D"
D@sWNZ/Ww@~m
x(n)
@ fs
x *(n)
Filter
H(z)
Down-Sampler
y(m)
@
fs
64]/^``SSdRc"66chWSuc &4c"F SH
44Yw4cHS644]` FSW4F]F6FOwuc34\66(w64 +c64 D4F+4 4F

4e4@~c4uc @6wuFQf] 642^R

\\ H\
R
4 \Hd
+
444F SHF66w4F4

U\XD
wucO44"4F4FF4S4Hc4e644@]S4FwuF

UqD
x(n)
z -1
z -1
D
h
z -1
D
h1
H\
4
D
h2
R
z -1
D
hm
y(m)
64]/gNS]F &]/66FwucFF6Hc6
D@sWNZ/Ww@~m
f
Ny
2f
Ny
=f
f /D
s
f
Ny,n
2
f
s,n

4
z -1
x(n)
z -1
z -1
z -1
z -1
*(. .
z -1
h1
"#$%&'(F!)c*,+-
z -1
!
h m/2 -1
y(m)
W"%
0/% -&"
@1*2!3*45/7698:<;w$>=>! !)]"@?A*B)FC.

DFEHG'IKJML-NPO2QSR9T JMN'UWV#XYDHJZRU<T
\]_^<]`\
bdc_ef`ghei5jkmlnkpopf qri7esf9tYuwv#f`cxe%kpysg
z|{}(~}W~2 ~#"@`d}@}2"(}{}@s}(K }h} }(~h2~}

}Ap2 }2} 2 "~%"2~"22}%})~W})2} #~2
2~ "2~2~W{ }C2 {} }(2F}(h}~2~2}%<{}d
{}"22}s}}~%2{2 }(~h"2~}}}}(2}(K~|~}
`2}s}( (}7"22}A }~{"}(h" }hs~h"~~}
2~%~%2}( (5x~#@ 2}2 {} }2 "~ }h}~%(}(}
~ }(F}( "~%"} 2}{s)W~}(s~('}{}#"Y} "~%%
2 "~)}d<{}d"~C} }(} }(1p"W~H2<~s2 <"~{%}2~}_ }
2}7 }2{%WxY_ }s} }23<{%} }h}~%(s2~%2 }
%>},"~
s2~
<(
9
2~%#2~%~,2~
< %
92h
W{}(}5"<{} }"~%}
W{%}2%W27{} # }2{}2 "~%}(h}~}( }
9>
KZ
'}'~2}"p}(~,
92h
{}ds~s2%W2 "~)}(>%}~W"p}
<
9>
7 },2#" }@{}`}(@2}(")"~<{%}}(h}~%}>~C@~{}

s~27`2}@2}{}2 } 2K~{%}~}x 2}2}<{}~,}~%}~(})K{sK{}
FH'KM-P2S9 M'W
x(n)
@ fs
YHZ<
H (z)
1
D
1
H (z)
2
f
@ s
D1
D
2

"! $# "%&'( ) # *
passband
1st-stage
transition band
p,1 s,1
f =
1
f
sampl
D
1
2nd-stage
p,2
s,2
f =
2
f1
D
2
3rd-stage
p,3 s,3
"
+ ,.-/
*& *01 "! $# "%&2"& 344 ( ) # *65 #
*#

y(m)
fs
@
D1 D2
7986:<;>=(?A@CBDFEHGI=(@<JLKMN76=OEPJQG
RR
SUT VWYXZ[V\]_ÛVX6VIW àN].bLc"T d efZLghb]*i/e ].T jPkl,aL^ c"jm^'nI]VTfX>VoXnpVW"W"].bLSUW"Z].bL`bq ].b*r
s ^ ]tnI`XuZvc nIdw`bZ[VTxZ6Vqfy4VTxZmV4\].X6`gVIj.VXj.Vq ]*q z{H|}XuZ[be j*Ze b]~Vb]4
|L].qfe j.]*q'`y]*b[VW"WSUWZ[].bL`bq ].b6VTfq1Z^ ].b]*gh`b]b].q efj.].q2XZ`b[V\]_b].i/e c"b]*nI].TxZ[X
c \Tfc"SUj.VTxZ[Wkb]*q e j.]*q'j*`nId efZmV$Z[c"`T1ZÌc nId W"].nI].TxZZ[^ ]Vbjm^ c"Z].jPZ[e b]
|L].qfe j.]*q2SUT cZ[]_aN`bq1W"].T \Z^2]P]*j*ZXhbè Tfq `T `c X]l, cZX].T Xc"Zc"ycZkU
Iu
p .*9_A
{gaN]b].VW"c *]Vq ]*j.c"npV4Z[c"`T SUWZ[]*b>jV4XjV4q ]lZ^ ]~S bXZ<XZmV4\]X^ è W"q]~Xe cZmV4 W ]~gh`b6Z^ ]
fe W /`g<q ]*j.c"npV4Z[c"`Tr s ^ ]1SUbXuZXuZmV\]2`dw].bV4Z[]*XV$ZV^ c"\^Fghb].i/e ].Tfj*kaL^ c W"]'\``q
Xc W"c j*`TefZ[c"W c"V$Z[c"`TX^ è W"q]Vjm^ c"]*y].qrXdw].j*cVW"Wkgh`bZ[^ c"Xd e bd`X]j*`nSUWZ[]*bX
hX`nI]*Zc nI]*XjV4W W"].qXc"T jSUW"Z].bX.l(aL^f].b]c"XZ^ ]3`bq ]*b~`gNZ[^ ]pj.`nS W"Z].bP<Vb]IaN].W"W
Xe c"Z].qr s ^f]*k3ÛVy]<\``q3d b`dw].bZc ]*Xgh`bq ].j*c npV4Zc `Td e bd`X].XQV4T qVXc nId W"]>XuZ[be j*Ze b]
r s ^ ]Vqfy4VTxZmV4\].X6`gOZ[^ ]tj.`nSUW"Z].bLj.`npd Vb]*q2aLcZ[^Z[^ ]z{H|S W"Z].b6Vb]4
Ìne WZ[c"d W"c ]*bX<V4b]_b]*i/e c b].q
F Xc nId W"]XZ[be j*Ze b]jV4T2w]tq ].Xc \Tf].q
Ìj.`]*pj.c"].TxZXZ[`b[V\]
s ^f]~V4bjm^ cZ[]*j*Z[efb]c X6c Tfq ].dw].T qf].TxZZ`pZ^ ]tq ].j*c npV4Zc `T2bV4Z[c"`
s ^f]]VbW"kFq ].j*c npV4Zc `TW"]V4q XZ[`W"].XX].bqkT VnIc jdwàN].bj.`T Xe nIdfZ[c"`Tgh`b3Z^ ]
gh`W W"àLc T \pXZ[V\]*X
s ^ ]oj*`nj.VT]Zb].V4Z[]*qV4X<T `Zjm^S W"Z].b<aLcZ[^.]*b`XtV4Z9$ gh`b<' R lYl9r"r r"l
t r s ^ ]j.`n~SUW"Z].bc"XoV'b].j*e bXc"y]S W"Z].b~aL^f`X]j*`]P3j*c ]*TxZ[XIH3V4b]]*i/eUVWNZ` `T ]4r
T ]p`fZ[Vc TfXV1j.`T qfc"Zc `T VW WkXZ[V W"]W"c T ]*b~dfÛVX]pSUWZ[].btaLcZ[^W"].T \4Z[^ r s ^ ]IZ[bVT Xugh].b
ghe Tfj*Z[c"`T1c X
R r4
9 U > RLRL
m
U
96<>(ACFHI(<LN6OPQ
Q N[[4 h*h P["oU[f.~".9" *Ih[ I

t .
[*9
L["
IL 1o*. th
1 *[ * /U4
PL Q.f .
tp "
! .["
$ #f..
1L"~
%h &('*,- )+ 32

./10
546
7 &8'*,- )9 32 ;: 2 32=<

54 "
. )+ 0
0
0
& 732 "7: h 2 32=< >
54 ?
0
0
@ f /U$["A B 54 *. w[fo[ICu[*DQ "_ # .
"f[3/U4 B FE .G2
H fI # >J# wKf *[*I"
0 ' "
L# " 9I # f[J#" >[ N

" # fM4 f f[P["<
[f" # fM "
U4O*. KF
< [43# *
;
N Nfm"L
U.x9 P[""*J # fm$["~ I
L[[ N.* P[ POQ4R4"ST( Qf.3f# fm4 ,L H fIf# fJ#" / .
Q * .x I "
! .["
^[*~* u["
_<8 !
UWV & + .*
f"N9 X Y[*Z]\ *J # f[4[" I6 UWV & ` + .. NhH *Gp
fI # NJ#"
L *Ka"bd>c "6 t f# f6[J#" p
h/ .fRX Y[ Z]\
<< t".* u[f*[f [f6*J[*"A * ["U I m4 "Ue .Wf
I K<h
g K"
h/ *
" # Q
UiL j . _ [ i " *w.4 _Y
GWklU# m(e j
f L ~[fpp
" p*w# 31*n".hL "o< & p
Q Qp
" Q* .G
.P.q .49~" j# *4 srut <v$ QU4A"[ QIuA Jw# [x
# Rw# .wp h "o
*x[*"Kf .."p4["x[* ;N <m [ y".L" .
[
[2 3 .* p4 [4 [f4[* 4["" "
U ~. wpzf
* */

% @ * p p4./U4 # * ".f .p
Q m{"| }~{"
{*?L >[ <h/ . H
U L "mDL j <hR
U
$ [.L .* p4 7N Q "
# Rw# .wp "I*["I.Q.j" id7dCdH?Me j
j" [4. >P~f
h**4 .~x".x[Hf " 4"
> f[ *.[U$p *Q.~x[.N x.*
"U4~ 1 [ #" *o3/ "% Q mf 4 xm

[f3 .U "
yMAWJM_uH
H (e
16
jW
)
Magnitude Response
D = 16
-20
-40
-60
2/D
w = k
1/2
2p
D
w
=1
p
Normalized
Frequency
Frequency
k = 1 ... D/2
RG 51 RI$_G* ^ KMjI _ h

G IR I? I R M I _ CC jR_I
R RKn x8 ^ RK $ G ^ G ? R3L
$ jj K _P GF G DGR j R R _I
P G DRx __IxIPR Gj RIx_IIy j jRD
j ! i^Gj j GjI3 R *GR uL !
R P RP RI I G jR v WRGW
IhG RJjjG RG $ I R m RJIG IHR3
j 3i jRDIG$
hCCI jRDuI RRjR RKI IhHR
*
_
v
R5

D IP? DR
vGj% T d_ hR?R ?
R5"
_I

R5

? '1. PT:
(a)
(b)
' P
#0*#32]0_"6 .
&'1)+],7.
x(n)
1-z
x(n)
?K8 I;<ML-> : .N, 0OQPR8 , C .K,

? E P
<Z.X,/. C ,7E 9P
-D
:78
+ 4 ' P )
C '*à.N,/. PT: '1E : ' 8PMbY#"cMd@egfBh
,7.NE ?B6
:H6 .
' 4"P]8^9
8 ,7.
E5I
?K8 II;+ : E : '\[.
Ua.K, Ji8 ,/I. C
E :
E
y(m)
1- z
1 - z -1
4 EIU->1' P )=,HE : . 0rq
#0*#32]jXkl8 I;<m&'1> : .K,
' :H6:H6 ' 4

I
8@C '\L ? E : ' 8PWV-9
' :76on
y(m)
-1
. ? '*IpE : ' 8P
.sE,/.tE<->*.
:78
,/. C + ? .
E P-Cu:76 .tU-, 8@? . 474 ' P )p,HE : .wvyxz3{ 0
Merged comb 4 Filter
(1 z 08 )3 (1 z 08 )
aliased band
Attenuation (dB)
,/.N)' 4/: .N, 4
1 - z -1
&('1)+-,7.
.K,
8GJ
'*IU->1.KI. PT: E : ' 8PWV:H6 .X<-E 4 ' ?4Y: ,/+ ?K: +-,7.
,/+->1. V E 4476]8^9P
> 839
#%$
#01#325476-8394;:76 .=<-> 8@?BADC 'FEG),HEI
&('*)+-,/.
.!S
!"
10
15
20
25
30
0.05
0.1
&'1)+],7.
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Normalized Frequency [Omega]
#0*##jr|
E 474 <gE P-C}n
0.35
, 8~8 U
0.4
0.45
0.5
:H6 .
P +-I;<Z.N,
8J

XY
!"
Mr]rRY-g
\H=7*-*Ns=g\HKN7~pK1KTlYH---pG77NgG71*-XB-*KG]1Gr"-N/!
/%G7%G-NsNssYH7]KH]71 HN]-1*NNT71]Na 7G"-N7N-N
1*3lKTD7-w*THK7N-1G7-3-HG=]1K-Mg-1\DT
*THNHG77;7=-7-1\
-]KH*5
7]^H]1--/TBWrgGH*M @*"H-H7- N
7-(7KKH*W(*-/
H-t%G7%G-NNs5g\HKN
;^r
"-7H- N
--!H*51H-
g]T
@
/N-N]K5-=**Ng/N/aKKH\K*
;YF(
7*
T
/1
\H
-K7G-K-HKH-HG=]1*-
@
7N-K-KgH* Tt-K7K7*aKw}*^-7
g\HK\H}*1-N
--7G7N-*-;-YtasNTH*-ND-TH*7--K7*7KDYH]g-
G/HK@-GH*uGl
s/-3lH]=-\H]-/N7Z-/N

*l/%B-KWX(*-7
x(n)
y(m)
1 - z -1
(*-/

oQ
7N-K}lsm(**7N\Ho
NN*=GH*
/BG-R-/BGN;

g*7NK
"-//%G75*F/1]m1*@NN]G
TK-NGgH-7Y
*1G77NgG71**N

-K7;!1"7-tg7/g-

y(m)
(1 - z -1) K

1
/1

7*

7K@]N-!

\H @lNR-!HK71]H-pp ]*;]*1;/ YN!H*
;
--!H*R
7-
!#"%$'&)(+*-,/.021435(+,'687:9;!%(1<6=3
A
I
W
@> ?
BDC >
E ?QPSR
EG PSR
> M PSR
>@VQPSR
BDCDE
LE PSR
I ?QPSR
GI PSR
E >]PSR
>@?
BFCHG
MT PUR
?WPUR
L >PUR
G >PUR
BFCJI
>@V L PSR
T >PSR
?WPSR
IÊ PSR
BKCKL
> G >PSR
>> I PSR
W L PSR
LE PSR
BKC ?
> LM PUR
> G\M PUR
>@V E PUR
? G PUR
BDCDM
>@W G PSR
> LT PSR
>> T PSR
MG PSR
VYX T
VYX I
VYX E
VYXV
N O
#
?W ML[Z
?W ML[Z
>@W ML[Z
TGML[Z
_àYbdc >X Eegf)bihd`j8flkmkncpo^qS`QknhirotsurvlknwUcyxzr{ya|xl`Qjm}` P c
Sinc and Sinc
Filter, D = 16, F
= 5MHz
20
0
two stages
five stages
20
Attenuation (dB)
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.5
Frequency (MHz)
1.5
2.5
~hiqUvc >Xd> GYeòYhikmq P c%cpjmroUjcyrs`xl`jm}]` P c P xzr{a~hibikmc]v=8hknwA'c]}]hi{`Qknhiro
#%')+-/245+'8:;%<=
IIR Part
x(n)
fs
+
+
z -1
1/D
+
+
z -1
FIR Part
1/D
fs /D
1:D
z -1
1
(1 - z -1)
dUm iU-;d: Qn
y(m)
+
z -1
(1 - z -1)
n ; y| ]
i n m ) p ]l Un 'UmS U mpÛ U<;Yu i

m zSQmmU U Y m]mp nm Uyp Sp i ]m# iU d U@
m |m] d] U ] ] y i ] H U i n p 5
Un m p Ymd8m \n 54 Y 4S ]U] mmpm U n iUm d
i
n m ] m y] y p m i n m < U
U
5 \ Qm iin ii m ] \ pm p p Um m
Y # n u S n2 iU d@ U@ n iUU y=

n ] U< :u 8m y i%i
[#
%

S
% [ SS
8 S

= n ] U< :u 8' p i%i

#
S
8 S
S

8
% S # %
S
Y
Y
= i5d5SQm ii p ^ ) ] p pUU] mm
iU p i ] \ m m p iUm i@ U@ n mpÛ U<
]m u l <Y5 ) U Qm @Um d= ] :m = m
] y ] n ]
i m Y= S mn n Y n

Y

Umg= ) U@8 <Y5 )i; m <
i) i \n U mQm ] n ym ip d@ ]
!"$#&%'(")
*,+
-.0/213.5476)821:9;13<2=>?8A@BDCFE *HGJI 9K>L15.M;N7O9KPJORQSNFN?M;<2=9;1T-.?/U13.34F6)821WVX8YO<2=15N7MZ<[>?821:-,\15.LO9;9

] .013^`_213<UV5Q&ab138YOR\SMZ-.c/215de15<2/fNg>L.0-<2=9KQh-<h>L8U1 -.?/215.ci:4
x(n)
1/D
1 - z -1
1 - z -1
K-1
1 - z -1
1/D
K-1
j M;9K>L13.iv0wx-.0/213.
] -.J>L821F1ry2OHpzdU9Z1 N?82-,P$<xMZ< j ;M =_2.?1 * 4 *,{ M;N

B *$ }S G B *$ l
} S G
| BD} G~
B * } Y G
Merged comb
Filter
(1 z
y(m)
z-1
j MZ=_2.?1 * 4 *lkAmn 9Z-SVXohCMZO=.LOHpq- ] >L821F9;13<2=H>L8A@rBsCFE *HGt -pua
6)8217>?.LO<2N ] 13. ] _2<2V>LM;-<
1 - z -1
08 5
) (1 z
09
B * 4 G
20
aliased band
20
Attenuation (dB)
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
j M;=_2.01 * 4 *,{Um j .?15^S_U13<2VQ15N?db-<2N?1 - ] >L821F9;13<2=H>L8A@rBsCFE *HGt -pua
_29K>LM;N0>LO=1
I 9K>L15./U13N?M;=<_2N?M;<2=V3-pua
-<U1-.:pz-.?1V3-pua
I 9K>L15.?N ] -9;9Z-,P'13/aQO
j M;9K>L13. { v0w-.?/215.
I 9;>?13.?N&p!1ROH<2Nx_UN?_YO9;9KQO<O.?VX8UM;>?13V5>?_2.?1- ]
j -. 0 V3-p!db13<2N?OH>LM;-?13.54
j M;=_2.01
!$&'()
U:?2,$$L2F2;SXh2HLz5Wh' YKL5c3?327$KLf0e53KYRL;2$

?2F230ZU!2;'Y$2UZ22;;RH?ZU32$25?u!;;2R$22? Z$03`2;?3e
5!e52LH??c07H2YH?0
Dc
cW(&02
?353TR0Tx!S2KY35W0L025?2?232HL3u0Y0e5235W2;?3 Y

;?b332?5;253;zHL;2;?3?5)22?e50L;30x25?5?;e5ZHs7 s
KL!L2$0Y?b3U35W!YKL53c0cH2Z)? 032U3$L2$Y0?YH220AH2!R

XUZ ?;2KYRc;H)?gg55?Z)U7?Y0e523x3uhY;?3)03`2;?3$LU?3F52;3
)?253?Z2)3uYKL352hH22350R;ZUW2KL;2;Z5!2223ZR
2U;3)2Fl3?ZeLLH205J225?Zb35!3cs7lDu
WDs2?5z L
)2W2?522;Z2;2UZSX`FTD)YRTZ;2322?H 23U3W?2T,5L;YKL5c$;Z;?
YRx;ZURz2Y0)UxYH?U??5`2Z03!3?TL2;zUZ5z5XH?ZZ25?3?

5!Y?5L?2T3`3L;YH3u2;?33 ;20
?Ul$?2W?eZHf?2
YKL53gL;L;2L2u?5SUZ03!3LF;?;Z;3[30?27b3gz25TZY0ZHL5

;3gL;H?Z')2FL?2g3)22L;xHLU 0Y0e523x3uYKL5c;hL2F?5`232
2HZZu
$25?)(
;L2[03`2525
!#"
0Z
T
,0Z

LU235ZzH?Z
0Y?b3U33uYKL5302;L
;Z)Y2&$KL
$
?HL;
?; %

R?;
'

&
2+*?2?U33
-,
X2;5HeA
KL?2
?L5`YHL;;?2
H2.*/02ZU? 1 ?Ul$$LUF03`2525&03?b207JL2;
3?H32c?02!Z2T46587 97!:%;!<=
7!:%; <?>8@BA
2&:25RhU2;J :-C :-7ED U?27,5L;L?2g3
2U5L;Z&LU r2HZ&;;3f

FHGSDJI
"
"
:
:-7K
!
"
JI

"
" :
:-7LK
&
'?
MJNO0P$QRTSVU?WYX[Z\QS0]_^#`
MQXB]aZ
b?c
dfeg4h#ikjlnmohkp%qnhrltsvuxwYy?znznuxw{so|nh#irj}\}~qsy8so?hqnuh83so|nh#nhrik}y8soj?lYm\z9hkej}hkl
so|nhltsohro}\hknysvh.msy8h?a|nhejuujg_lnmsvy?hrmy?hoqnlLlnlLysy)ujg4hk\irujioy8svh8
g_|ni|uhy?nmsvjuhrmmohk0z9jg
hr0ikjlnmqn}\zLsvjlqLohmo|Ljg_m0so|nh~m|-y?z9hklnhrikj}~
msvoqLiksvqLoh?
Sharpened comb Filter
20
3H(z)
2K
2H(z) 3K , K = 4, D = 8
aliased band
20
Attenuation (dB)
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Normalized Frequency [ W]
0.7
0.8
0.9
?qnoh3|-y?ozhrlLhr4j?}~uxsvhkL
J0$TV?Y[\0_#
Ba
x(n)
H(z)
-2
H(z)
z -(D-1)
H(z) =
H(z)
1 - z
D (1 - z
-D
y(m)
-1
)
?no LT
# 8v?
?v / ?ornk / x r
K times
2K times
x(n)
K times
-2
1 - z -1
z -1
1 - z -1
1
1 - z -1
2K times
+
?no LT rLv_ 4 8v?
1 - z -1
y(m)
z -1
?v / 8ornk / x r
J0$TV?Y[\0_#
Ba
\

JB

! "$#%&(') )+*,.-&/("0"1(243(!0"+( 65',798(:-
';3
&!0 ! "&<>=?
@
5A! B *DCFEGH"0I !++7JK=?"LH+*)"+( 65',2M! &G,'-NEO". (';E+ &"?*
*&!. *A('
*OCEGH"0I ! +<QPR*"@S(,"+Q"
6O,3(';(
&"-&
'-&! ''T((" 'NUV&-&+"@('
GHA('; W+
'X'
" (<
Y 'Z+*,5,! -"0"K(2?,- +
'[L\-(! 6 ,"0]#%@+(^(&'_ `5! N3
';a';Bb'H c"0('A("9'
*Q," ! &d"
'AF#('[<ePR*Q(';+f g("6hA !"i_jB5A("0"khA+&!kB+*dTlm62M! n
GH&'-&ET!0" 5o
'"0(LpB*-*q"0,r-';+Es 'HA "9+*@2M!0GH&'-"(#%j3(6 *6CFEGH"0
2M!0GH',-&E
<tP$@"I+ +F+*)'
" 'k *J5A" " #('[L,B.J a"0b-
'"0,!. * (';b(2
(("?"0
!0 ('[< Y 2pB?J-& " 65Ei#;Ei^5,'6N3
!IEDCu0vD" ( 65(LA('i'&" !
"0
'(%B+*X2M
!0',62M!0GH&'-&ED2Xzgwy{ x B[(55oS(!b'O+*,9#A('`(2\';+!0"IS<>PR*!0N
2M
!0(L\B? ,"0h! "0a#o
'_+*#A('B *q(2.+*',-
6'"
'At |4}9~ zgwy{ x <OPR*
j3
&!+(phA+!5!0-&"0")-&
'" "0 ")2
+(p4B5(" "hA+!F(',2M
jB'k,- +
'
#;E:@<t1
! _
<_"I+! +&"i+*X&- k+
'd5!0-&" "&<=?
'" &! 'q+*,Q2M! &GH'-NE
( k'k
'E
L *F!+('(J(2V';+&! &"0R"aSd$<PR*)jB5A("0"?hA+&!? ,"0b 6&&? *
2M
4B'-
', ('
Sd$8
q R~
( *!IB"0
B*&! X! &2M&! "+K+*,)CEG,"I.2M!0GH',-&E
<>1
!09
< ,"0+! +&"> *5! '-&5F(2% *
('; (("h !<T7'(! !04B+! ('"0
'#('('*,
*"I+
5#('0+'HA+
'("
c/!
`hA+!i&'(+*,"<7)'e('A(
'H (/("0',qhA+!k" &'eCEG,"I0 ! +798(
-&
';3
!I+&! "J5,!
#A#EO-S('X'( 6N) *K" 5o-&hA-+
'"&<
>bI
0ge;\VAg?Ic.Ì,\A
1
!0
< Z" *jB"D+*,T2M!0GH&'-&E!0" 5o
'"0Z2M
!D"
'
N "0+(
Z-( #hA !&<PR*
((" &_#('T"K#o
',T#;EN{ w x |nD|4Qn{ w x |n;<PR*6! & (','`2M! &GH'-NE
! ('
9"(2+&'Q&'( "e V b (+A4! &

'[<
FJt(:g6`.F$NR
X2 (f)
(a)
aliased signal
f
N
lowpass filter
X(f)
(b)
f
N
1
0s( (J (O N
&H (ed(0+(6 9
;
&0 &) (6 d0

+(,.(, +q %.A +
H(e
band of
interest
jw
)
aliased bands
0dB
passband
droop
-40dB
Frequency
f
c
2/D
4/D
6/D
8/D
1( 6
) (FIN+
+
a1 0

!"#$
()+*
,.-0/1-32
4 5
%'&
687:9<;>=?4@/BAC2
D
EGF?4 H2
I
J$KMLONPQL3R8NSTLUWVYXCP'Z[VYKML]\MS_^`L3abLUcNLdLegfihjVYSTPkUmlonKMSTN+KpabL3qMabL3XbLUWVrVbKMLs\MSTtkS_V+huwviu_VYL3alhaxL
XxfMy{z|LN#VVYP}h~qMuTSTVbfM\ML$egfihUWVbSh'VYSTPkU8LabaxPkabX3oJ$KMLhqcqMuSTL\\ML3XbSTtkU8huTtkPkabS_VYKc~QSTLuT\MXwkLa|
LMh'N3VabL3XbfMu_VYX@nKMSTN+KhaxLrkL3axNuTPkXxLVbPsVYKML\ML3XbSTabL3\ST~8qcfMuXxLabLXxq>PUMXbL']
Lax\cStkS_V+h'u
viu_VYL3a~fMXxVyL8ST~qMuTL~LUWVYL3\?fMXbSTUMth vc{L3\UgfM~yLaPZ[ycSTVbXVbP<axLqMaxLXbL3UWVVYKcL8'huTfMLX3
J$KMSTX
N3PkUMNL3abUMXVYKMLvMuTVbLaoN3P{L#R8NSTLUWVYX3lgVbKMLSTUMqMf{VwXbSTtkUihu{hUM\PkfcVYqcfcVwXbSTtkUih'uooSUcSTVbL!n!Pkab\
uTLUMt'VYKL#^`L3N3VbX N0hfcXbLN3P{L#R8NSTLUWV egfihUWVbSh'VYSTPkUBUMPSXxLlabPkfMUc\MPÛMPkSTXbLhUM\PLaxMPnPkX
N3SuTuhjVYSTPkUMX
fML$VYP VYKcLN3P{L#R8NSTLUWVegfih'UgVbSh'VYSTPkU8LaxabPka3lgVbKML$\ML3XbSTabL\8ZabL3eQfcLUMN#abLXxq>PUMXbL
~8h0sUMP'Vy>L}hN+KcSL#kL\`J$KML@axPkfMUM\MP'^1UMPkSTXbL}STXhuTPn[uTL3LuUMPkSTXbL@VbKih'V$PQNN3fMabXXbSTUMN3L}VbKML
axLXbfcuTVPZL0hN+K<N0huTNfcuh'VbSPU<STX$VYabfcUMN0h'VbL\<Pka$abPkfcUM\ML\ nS_VYKMSTUBhC\MSTtkS_V+hu`vMuTVbLa
:$|
@"" ic"coi
J$KMLyMSUMhaxUgfM~yLadaxLqMaxLXbL3UWVYX hZabhN3VbSPkU`lh'U.SUWVbLtkL3asPkash~8S{L\UgfM~yLa3J$KML
axStkKWVb~8PXxVyMS_VwSTXwN0huTuL3\8VbKML[uTL0hX|VXbSTtkUMS_viN0h'UgV:yMS_V"cnKMSTuL$VYKcL[uL#ZVY~PkX|VyMSTVSTXwN0h'uuTL\
VbKML$~PkXxV:XbSTtkUMS_viNhUWV!ycSTVBcYWU8VbKML$~PkXxV!hqMqcuSTN0h'VbSPUMX:h XbSTtkU]ycSTV:hSTXUMLN3NLXxXYha|k
h'SuhyMuTL haxL'haxSPkfcX[yMSTUihax8N3P{\MLabLqcabLXxLUWV+hjVYSTPkUMX$XbfcN+K<h'XPkUML'XNPk~qMuTL~LUWVlcVnPcX
N3Pk~qMuL3~LUWV0l'XbSTtkU{~8htUMSTVbfM\ML:PkaP^>XbL#VyMSUMhaxoU\MStSTVYhukXbSTtkUih'ukqMabPQNL3XbXxSUMtclkh$UgfM~yLa
STXfMXbfih'uu_pabL3qMabL3XbLUWVbL\STUhXbSTtkUML3\Vn!PMX8NP~8qcuL3~8L3UWVs\MSTtkS_V+hu[ZPkax~8h'V8hXXbKMPnUSU
k &W +
h
hQi % i hQQ % Q h'i % i#i
k &W
nKML3abLsSX$VYKcLUgfM~y>L3aP'ZoyMS_VYXhUM\ gVYKML}XbSTtkUyMS_V0
PkUcXbST\MLaxSUMtB|k &g YlcVYKcLegfih'UgVbSh'VYSTPkUXxVbLqSTXPkyWQSPkfcXbu_
8 % ii
k &k
J$KMLCUgfM~y>L3abX}abL3qMabL3XbL3UgVYhyMuTLyg<VYKML3XbL8yMS_VYX}h'abLrNhuuTL\egfihUWVbSh'VYSTPkUuL#kL3uXhUM\BVbKML
tWh'qyL3Vn!LL3UVn!P]PZ"VYKcLXbLuTL3kL3uXSXNhuuTL\ VYKcLegfih'UgVbSh'VYSTPkU<XxVYL3q 8

!"#$
:$
!@ @:c
0T M i b s
k Y
0
M
k b T
b b

M Y MT Y Q 3 $ M M i Y 8 M Y M C
M Y M M b ] Y M Y i Y 0 b
M
M i'
i
T 8 Y
c
k x k
M b
M i Y 0 Y Y
c
M M k + Y
0 >
b M b
M Y } b k x

*
#+,
- =

- ./0
# =

1 2
1@?)A
3 # 465 3 7)
0

J2H
#H9KD
7
- V
G 248L7
<B!
-7)A
1 =[

-
!"
1 &4ML7
&
/2
# =B!

89
9?W>*2
#%&#'(
)
1 ;)
- # 3-C0ED
09-&-'N 3 =2OP)
3
#$
X+Y7&
9
<&
<=
1 2
#?FGH
A QD>RS*.?)A
1
>
4G>* /?O -ZD
-&
\]O_âÒ
!
e9fg
TpUEq
b b b
n6o
^

)
1
T/rs^
:$
k{
|K}
-&yi%D
bItvuwbIckx
S*
9z &yp 2 H
M !@ }|
E~X;
>
<!=D

i i
E
}I}
8}
MdT 8 + Y {
M C M
M ' c + i b Y ' M
L7
j

1 V m
# A
3
O
C j &!0D
-D
#z^
pB!
/-+HD
1
#! 3 # &

"&

0 b
yD>99 # 3N09&
3N9
<-w
3-PP@P
+Y
^
M} M
L7
3-PP@P@P-PJ
' M} b
# H
3
A /2- &
kT
-7+Y
3P)A
>pâ>*_T>
M b
)A
O M
M C
M
b
T"
D>K9&
+Y9
7
3
*
Y M o b k
M M ` b
Y M Y M M 8 {
c
M 8 $T !
E99 # &

2
-_
-&%99 #
37 I- #6L7
=&

y
b!
3- -
-&
w
9
zD
P)AA9
3
z
W)
6n
E
<&
1'

Vj 0
i b Y
0 x
ZB!
#! 3 #
96+Y8DO-9% -

%
b!

HE_-/EAy8Hw7
-y9@V
97]-3A39<--#
!!
h8aJ
v*
Qt (y)
Qr (y)
-m
-m
9
J;
-m
2
2
@V%-
A3
-m
HE_-/EAy8Hw7
/w
O\@;
9!

# 19 !
" #"
#%$'&)(*!+=9,-&
9.#/0#1,O2'#

3$
+p4&)!53-
06879;:=<MJ?>p @A9CB=79;:D/C79;:FE
6G7 9;:IHJ BK#LHJ +M, 4<N 9!9 O#P
Q =
B OHO 3RIB
J?K
> 3 _ -#

Py
# B
J+M-#SI
# ,T/
/3@
9CB
# S
3U HV,,2-.BWX/*0
+ 1
,
3 5&YX9 MZ[1
+\,P3 p
+ .# /P =
# 4&
O#]
0^`_/acbYde^f_/g!bP#W^f_ cb8@9CB *79;:h 9
6
9 #]/"B J8
H
ijLHJ]#
9 X/+
k1 99 !@mlO/ 2,3
B O9 ,P9 .V
/n!OB 7*p
> 3 ! M
2/ #M#
/ ! =
+ *k6 -Eo<.@9CB HJ?p
> m C9 G 23 w/
# E9223o!3 ;p!qKr/s.t-u
6X#%$jG& /vL&_'<O/F]!w
53W Kp!
q -s4qKr/s.t-u06X#%$j&yxjvL&5aj<<
@ -
B K9 *w P #z9

G- w/2 =9 \9 ,9 9 9#{
|,}~H82 5&)& yHAdP+0P ,
9 \ # #@9CB ]#%$j&_
=
!
+ = 53' +
E
B #1
/!
/ # P!23U , 9 .# /N
# K
+M, ?&
+ 9#HJ B
+M,3 !##v! - ;/,# @9CB #%$j&yxR , .#
/.

/

q6X,TLH8&yk& yHO-<o!
# 1
+M,3 /
+ ##P#v!9 . n#U/y1
2B
, J,# /@9CB J #PA
\R0
+ 1
,
3 5&)X =+M, /
+ ! #
/0hB .! w;1 @
yzG- Xd B n;&79;: 9
=
!

3zP0?H1 @M
M R
# 0#
/| 9
HJ1 N
B .2 E*p
> =

#1
/# 2//
+ B-#P @MA

3W H /SC
3 B
# '#
o!\B HJ?p

> d-HJB .%
B 1
+\#
3M+\## O+M-#SI #nG 9 P9 @ 9CB

.B1 w W
9 1 .# 3 0X/n=
+ 1 %W& 1 #
/1 .P, ]
-i CB 3I2
0
+ 1

9 P9 @
G
y# $
9 !
" CB U;&79;: 9dJ8
H 2 =
+ % -#
B WijLHJ
w
J?K
> 3 B6XT:
< pB #%$j&y(M
/ #-&y#
/1 ! =
+ 9 ,9 9 ! #
/@**!
e# 3 =

J?K
> 3 O mNpctPs4qKru
TA -d_F/OpctPs4qKr/s4
q 'u*
TmxPda-@h w_ m /
+ E
w

+M,
9 =9 2,T9 =BP26G<^`_ cb

B6GT<lAyj} 6G < 68y5< 68
.<
6r/@-a j<

yk^f_/g!bZP#k^`_ cbYd B K;&79;:V 9
# 9 #
W# w.
HJ BUQ
,'&CP#W#LHJ-&
+M,
z
1 @yo,,P # NHJB 9 AL2 +M, #KvE / 9 9 _ ##d 9 !S3
JJGw
Z MZJ1AN?C
/ P
K*P~JPM

KP
Am
5
/2o P~JA
-.M/
;;S CFSCP-C
-.
C
jR2\XP/XT
JST
-R
C\.2/oSo'\
K ||Tn?-2k|!/;

-?n}
XTOT y2 ?N 5.
/
O

T
CFSJ

hGo
/-
Jz
]W
FPW.2/n
!h \!/h!
O
\!\\%j222.!M/M\jo
=2
MM'\j
G?/KG}~AyYyO'.CPML!

KKF?nSzRC
FF2W?X
X/ 2n!}'\
-JP*e!/2A'\
C
A2\
m!
/

NFj
S PP'2P;/PPFT;P
'
M;
FG?/
/2
/ MP~JJPJ2-
02P
!
cZ.!.JP2
=
P
!!o!/SJ/M-
%j R222W'\

8
8
!#"$&%'(*)'+
, "-!.(/1024365!+
78:9("<;>=?3@)BA
78DCE"<;>=F3G)HA
I
IMK
7 0I
IK "L , 5 yJ / 0 XONPRQTSVU(W %
X S I yJ K B3G)Y9(Z"[7\0I
IMK
I
IMK
, " , )7\Je0I
IMK] yyJ J /10
yJ
^ 7
^ 7
_ S1oA/2!@`P 'OF
P].
=22
;J
.0!2]
/*
220

a6bdcfe:gihkjLlmon'pqgijfr#sDtadgn.rZp
x(n)
uv
FIR-PTV
Filter
y(m)
SAD
S(n)
wyx?z\{>|~}q\ ukFH
xFz\|B! B }wy''[wyx Y }V|
8
a(n)
8
H(z)
..
b(m)l
wyx?z\{>|}\ u> x?>z B }. ? x #~ }>xFzx |B!>z\}

(
O#!'f@(<@f@>y>'
}|}V>|}V~}4 x |~>x2O}V V >}V{}V| }<}T>|~}4~~}4

\
*T &|
>
}4|~}x? ~ }|BxY!>@*&&VV\B*\*&&TH>|~} ~ } V }4 x?}V 4
|~ }4>z ~B }|}V>|}V}V x
x B
~!
~x?z\>}4xFz\x

\ Z
| |B>x2 u\ |~}4>|~}4~}4 x
#
u Z
| |B>x2 ( |~}4>|~}4~}4 x
\!
} 4 }. x?}V >}V|x?}V | B } !|~z\} V }4 x?}V >}V}4 ~ }q}V V > }V

x?qxF!|
>x?z\x |~}4>|~}4~}V x Hy}|~} {>x?|~} x | B }|~>x2 u\ >
6df:i q
d

D
K
K
!"!#%$'&$
EGFHDI J
EGFHDI J
EGF K I`FHDI J
EGF K I`FHDI J
(*)+,.K

X
[

/ 0
1
KMLON
K LON QK TL S
K LON
K LONba K ML c
24365
D
D
D
D
2798:
KMLON
K LTU QVK TL S
K LTU
K LTUda K TL e
;<$>=@?A(*B!"C>"#
PRQ D
DWYXZD\[] P^Q^ W KG_
K ]P
K W"Dgf ] P
hb)Gi,j" DW Zk ?

)(l)mH$lB(>Cn)G#,+o;pq$r= ?A(*!BqC*q#tsu(1$*v,w?Ah1x P !Bqm4)G$l(
$*v,(*!wiZq$*Cysu(1$*v,z(l)+Z<-M= X%{ = [ (*!|,(*!C*!#M$l)G$lq# W hv,qC}qCC*v,g~#oq#hb)iZj" DW _ )G#,+th
)i,jq
DWW hvZ~p(*+tj"!#,$lvos(>B|,(>BC*!#%$)G$*"#m,C>$n#,$}iwmH<-!+,|t~<$lvt$lv,w#M,miB(
s
i,<$lC~p#,!B+$l4(*B)j"qB'$*v,z\B(*)j"jCr$l(*Z!$lZ(* W
hv,!#%$lq(*y?Ah1xOjq$*B(ACr$l(*Z!$lZ(*"C)$@~pz+,"mH!#,C*q#O)j)G(*(l) W $B#,C*qC>$*CdGsBjq,mH#,C
)#Z+~3654(>\~C!O~v,B(>~3654+,!#,$l!Cy$*v,w"#,|ZZ$nC>"#O)j~(*+ojqB#Z$lv W q,(* DW K [ C*v,g~C
$*v,o(>)jq"B)G$lq#Gs'$lv, =@?Ah1xOj<$l!(~<$lv(l)G+,<-M= K { !#,BT+,!+BT!4BqB#%$lC W hv,
i,Z"jq+,q#,'i,jqw"C
$lv,)G+,+ { C>,iZ$l(*)!$BBjqju'&,y W q,(> DW K_ C>v,g~C$lv,i,j"Tw+,)G(l)m
s#,H'&Z Wb #,)+,+ { C*,i$l(l)G!$BBjqjB#ZC*qC>$s1#Z4+ZBj")g,#Zq$B
#ZH z,
)#Z+4$*v,(*!}n P %)$lBC!%~v,B(>}, )#,+4$@~ P %)G$*BCdBmH|C*y#,su,jqj)+,+,!( W
x (n)
1
x (n)
2
x (n)
in
ASC
ASC
ASC
ASC
y (m)
1
ASC
ASC
ASC
ASC
y 2 (m)
ASC
ASC
ASC
ASC
y in(m)
b s b0 C in
#1
b s b0 C in
#2
b s b0 C in
#3
q,(* DW K [ k B(*)j"j 1= ?Ah1x qj<$lB(
b s b0 C in
#L
hv,B#%$lq(*1v,)(*+Z~)(>(*!M,"(>BmHB#%$*Csu(b)n(*)+,.-M= K { = M# ,mi!((*!|,(*!C*B#%$l)G$lq#4)(*pj"qC>$*B+
yn
H
py
Z
C
out
x in (n)
x in (n-1)
z -1
FA
acc in
b sign
b0
x
out
Cin
bq,> 6d "Z"z}, ZZl*!nBqu

!*OG>tT!4BqB% !
qt
,q ,Z !*z 'u,q<@,,!"yq*H,!BH*!"%*4<lOG*q,qTT
!
A 6
}
A 6
'
A
}'
A 6
,q YZ * >BM,q*!HB%lwuwy,.M g B ,!ZB

@1bq<lB
q *"!, w>B,>B>B%G*", 6 q zq ,,Zy*qOG >oqB,G
yn
H
py

"!$#%'&)(+*-,.%/(0*213&465+5713598 .:;.&<8 =1'&>(+ ?1'5+8A@-6& B'(0A!C%'&<8>(+ "50%'8<*EDGF9H%'I @2KJ'FML@2*-=N(0=

(+ O!P# %'&)(0*2,Q%/(+*-13&R=7(+.:SF
TU%'8 *VD
x
L
a
a
a
a
W X
A
YcbOdfehgf_i\
YcbOdfehgf_ i \
YcbOdfehgf_i\
Yfb~deg_i\
akjPmol n i
a j wz n i
akjPl n i
y
akj } m n i
w
WAXZY[!]\O^$_
p Fq^]J3rsJut$vPw
J3Fqt/x rsJut vPw
{<F-JQt<rsJut$vP|
Fx3t<rsJut$vP|
WAXZY[!<\`J _
x<Fq^3^]rsJutPv$y
Fqt3{]rsJut vP|
F ^]rsJutPv]}
z
LPFx)]rsJutPv
%'I<@->J3FqL]X#%'&)(0*2,Q%(0*213&$(0.:[135"TU%'8 *VD$`57.: 57.=+6&)(0.81P6A6*-6&$(+=

9O")U
<<

~61]hA.*2.&)(0=/%'574:G65+*21]8<*-.%'@-@E4?"*E(0(+ :;.5+*21P8(01>h'Y[_9\h3Yc_0]?" 65+

h*-=(+ O$7R.1P6A.*2.&)(QF
1P6A6*-6&$(
0J
t
`J
bMA\
[M
J
t
t
b~deg\ Pv]
J
t
J
deg\ b~deg\ 33
%'I<@-AJ3F{< 9& .1P8 *2& BA[1'5(0 1P6A.*2.&)(0=*-&RTU%'8 *VD$ TU6: 5+6=+.&)(0%/(0*213&
UH '>H"Uh
[
9O"/U
]h6-6)
N

MA
<<
cqN
Ofh P]
cqN
fh Ofh ] ]
-
. 2[ P6A.2.)- U + +.) 023
K.37 $!7 2` fh + "$# %7& (' #E0 )<* R;& 023
,+
-/. <103254N76
8:9;-=<
214
>@? +*3 )'6!ABCED2+&GFH 2I ' .h) J &7%7&KLG6.MD 023

>ON 6 MA QPR N So TIU
>ON 6 ~ ] PR N So TIU
MA QPR SoCV T
Ofh ] PR M So1V T
>@? h 0 ' -<O) O.37 $ ~ <&;. 2#;3R) J &7%7&Q+6.*+23

N 6 XW ~
>@Y 6 'R [Z ]\ DÊ0&
Y `_ MaCb 1c ?
>ed 7f] ' 0[ P[ N Thg5iP[jT
lnm/oqpJrts
rxw[y$zO{
v
Xf
u
|
{~}ysO{`
r{Op
/xGx
K%LL&!;LfH%&O&h L)&)X&&~) L
**)%^X)*)&*/^ %!&L*&/ h)(&)L(&h
))(%*&h&L)&LI%%L&L%*)&*G)*)&K7
*(% (&hI)%G*)ÎLL );^*&h L)&K*
&* /h*MI*fH^L^M [)I*/5Lj JL%^G
*MI%fH^L5& %)%^M Xx)%*& E*E*j&L&h5]&t*)&
LIM&L&5LK (^) @HM~) hLe/7*(*&(&hI**Lx*
LfHH)J*IiJf *L))LH**%)[
)fHH*)&
)*5^fJ
1-bit
Analog
Input
Anti-aliasing
LP Filter
SD- Mod-
Digital
LP Filter
dulator
f
sa
Decimator
%)**IX%))&L(*%`h&L)&
w-bit
Digital Output
fout
!@HCGK(
X

FIR Filter Design
Hardware Realization
Determine the Desired Response
Implementation
Full-Custom
Choose the Architecture
Perform the Approximation to

the Specifications
Choose the Filter Structure
Arithmetic
Serial/Parallel Distributed
Multiplier-Free Realizations
Quantize the Coefficients
Time Devision Multiplexing
ASIC
Semi-Custom
- Gate-Arrays
- Sea-of-Gates
- FPGA
- Estimate Quantization Errors
Quantize the Filter Variables

- Estimate Roundoff Errors
Verify by Simulation
!#"%$'&($')+*,--.0/213-14.0"5*,"6#-7819;:
=< >?@BACBD EFG HI%

JLKM"N6#-O/QPSRM"1-RT/VUW2*YX97[Z"\.#"X/27^]_"`6#"aT/2#/b.0"Rc-7d.#9e/b7c/27M/2192Vfg\97[.\PS"7MRc/27MR
/27hR!4.=/b1jiT14.0"k]M/2X=lPm"7!Rn&oJLKM"N/27T/b19p!7M-.qKM/26k-.#6q6#ar"X4iTX`#"sdM\"Oq"7[.#6t/26
:u"1-1
/26v.0K!"
RM-4.=/21wM7M4.&vJLKM"GaM#92a_96\"Rx\"/21--y/b.#97{zr.#KM"\"fg9\"2zrX97M6\6|.06,9bf.m:j9}X=KMa!6z_.#KM"
Oq9~RMM1/b.09M7M4.L/b7MR}.0K!"RM-4.=/21rM7M4.b&@JLKM",/2R'Z2/b7d.0/2"I92fn.0K!6j/2aMaM\9[/2X=K-6u.0KM/b.u.#KM"
RM-4.=/21_X1-9'X=l}6L7M9b.vaM#9;Z~R!"RN97t.0KM"6#/2Oq"6#-1-X97{&u!#"%$'& 6#KM9;:v6L.0K!"#"/b1-y/b.#927n&
X
IC1
Analog
In
SD-Modulator
IC2
out
Digital Filter
control
Analog Unit
1.3 m
m CMOS
Digital Unit
0.5 m
m CMOS
Digital
Out
2M#"%$'& )+j1-9~X=l`*,/220/2O92f.0KM"aM\9a_926#"Rxj97!iT2M0/b.#927
ox
^ph '! C cx%p
` ; wt@@`ppv
I0M
IM4##4mp2@5M~MGm#2Mn{,T2|0q[b+@0\2@M2M\M!n##2
\QSM4=,q~MMb02#M;2v_2M\2MnLM|0\M#M#+b2|Gg\0Mj#M!\
\M2|=22jw@G-d2\#g-;0!j-2MgMT2=
Q\\Mn02\2Mk
M40
M4\'0-M-2#M0\!MM#\|m\M%N!q~MMb0~M2m-'x#r2
v40MSM4IdTbd#\,2\%2M-`MM40-Tb4`\02M-GM'IM;2k-#!#404'4mN0
q_![%-#b#=M}bM40m|=2#r22#2|p#M#404q0N2qM--M
2!Vm#b0-tq\b0=^Q,LMkM\M!2+;\02qM--M`2[|0#M#-M
\QSM4=k0=MM-dMk2\%!##-_pNM=2-we44;QuMb0MI~|#-2
20M-
=Tb!0I-L0qM##dI0MG%'(Q#-M-G|=2M#'m2#M5S2[2\#Iw@
gmd2\#T-;#MBw2M
TMT2=M08N2\M#[k##M40%g0MwN#!
To!~T2q-5#2M!I,vG02vM-=B-@dM4b2-[+0kM4+!#M!+\#2!#2n
LMB02qM--Mxg#~!Me--C0!}0bM}rmu= 8Ib`LMt=M-oT2G_
2!#-b#-x(2{Lx}0=!M-2+LMM-#,\T2M-M0#2M|gjgM!0-23#M
mq~MMb02%-%#\[02--CQ\C\M%M-MTb#T-#tIMb#MBdTbd##b0-
M2\
-#!-#8#}M-MIg#dMMILM
\2-M!tM-g\dM!xdTbd#b0-
M2\%2N_#q2dNkM-4=23-;vT2\5T40

!#"$&%'(()*+
*,
02143
576989:9;=<
-/.
>?8A@B;DCFE
GHJIKMLONQPSRFTVUWLKMX&PSYSTZL[U\X]\^_L`]\RXbaRc]\^dL[KMefTZHJgSI#PhLOUWL=icXg/aRc]jUdRc]\^lk+mfHZiWmnXeoRF]\L[UdR,L[U_L=^\L`K#N
eSTJHJgSIp]dL[U\R?KML`g/qrUdHJKsRF^+mSHJImSRc]lUdmhL[g2U\mSRutq&vYSHJ^jUwNx]dLOUdR`yz(mSR?{SL`^\HJi?HZPfR|LpHZ^}U\XpvYhL`g/UdHJ~FR
U\mSHZ^?mfHZImfTJq9Xba`RF]\^\L`KseSTJRFPHJgSeSYfUu^jHZI`ghL`Tk+HVUdmRck{SHVUd^FeoRF]wX]\KL7uOiFXg/a`RF]\^jHZX`gX`
U\mSRDvYhL`g/U\HZ~FL[UdRcP^jHZI`ghL`TL[gSPRFRcP9HJ{SLìWU\X)UdmfR#HZg/U\RFI]\L[UdX],HZgfeSYfU|y?z(mfR#]\Rc^\YSTVUdHJgSIn{SHN
ghL[]jqMPhL[UdL=^jU\]\RFL`KHZ^*UdmSRcgATZXbk+ehL[^\^lhTVUdRc]\RcPnL`gSPAPfXk+gf^dL`KseSTJRFPnUdX=eS]\X&PSYSicR LKDYSTVUdHNx{SHVU
PSHJIHVUWL`TXYfU\eSYfUFyHVUdmU\mSHJÛdRciWmSgSHJv&YfR`LMa`RF]wqIX&X&PgSXHJ^\RD^\mhLèfHZgSIrHZ^ ]jR|L`TJHJ~|L`{STJR`y,z(mSR
gSX`HZ^jReoXbklRc]rHJ^)^jeS]\RFL`PXbaRc])U\mSRRcg/UdHJ]\R]jRFvYSRcgSicq{hL`gfPlk+mSHJiWmTJR|L`PS^MUdXTZRc^\^)gSXHJ^\R
eoXbklRc]pHZgUdmfRn{hL`gSPX`HJgU\RF]jRF^jUFyz(mSR2XbaRc]\^\L`KseSTZHJgSI]dL[U\HZXuGf??HZ^pPSRhgSRcP{/qU\mSR
]\L[UdHJXsX`^\L`KseSTJHZgSIs]\RcvYSRFgSiq2UdXpUdmSRt+qvYSHJ^jU,]\Rcv&YfRFgSiq
uGf
-fyJ[
z(mSRv&YSL`g/UdHJ^dL[U\HZXg2Rc]\]\X`]FfTVq&HZgfIMHJgrU\mSR?]dL`gfIRXÙ\mSR?vYhL`g/UdHJ~|LOUdHJXgn^jU\RFeM#fHJ^}PSRUdRc]wN

KsHJgSRFP7{/q

RFWPfR
-fy
/
k+mSRc]\R7HJ^#UdmfRn]\X&XÙpKsR|L`g^jv&YSL`]\Rna[L`TJYSRnX`+UdmSRngfXHZ^jRneXbk_RF]clnUdmSRnvYhL[gU\HZ~FL[UdHJXg
Rc]\]\X`]+L`gSP)uu hh U\mSRuv&YSL`g/UdHJ~|L[U\HZXg7^jU\RFey*z(mSRugSXHJ^\ReoXk_RF]+HJ^+IHJa`RFg{q
gSl
F RFO4xP
n & z

uGf
-fy-&
k+HVUdm
L`gfP#L`gDL`^\^jYSKsRFPDk+mSHVUdR_vYhL`g/UdHJ~|L[U\HZX`g#gSXHJ^\R[iFXgf^jUWL[gU XbaRc] UdmfR_]\RcvYSRFgSiq

Z
]\L`gSIR[SPSRcU\RF]jKMHJgSRcP{/q
R/ 7/
-fy
R i|L[gn^\RFR U\mhL[U(PfXYS{STJHZgfI#UdmSR?^\L`KseSTZHJgSIp]\RcvYSRFgSiqn]\RcPSYSicRF^}UdmfR?gSXHJ^\R HJgnUdmSR {SL`gSPnX`

HJg/UdRF]jRF^wU{/q2-`PSSk+mSHJiWmHJ^RcvYSHJa[L`TJRFg/UUdX {fHJU+KsX]jR]jRF^jXTZYUdHJXgy_lXgS^jRFvYSRFg/U\TJq`XbaRc]wN
^\L`KseSTZHJgSIMPhL[UdLMicXg/aRF]wUdRc]\^]jRFPSYfiFRuUdmSRuHJgNx{hL[gSPgfXHZ^jR={/q
iFXKsehL[]\RFP7UdXMtq&vYSHJ^jU
o O
!#&'(()*+ *,
\`sSZc `cd\

s& SZd\M\n`\\`sSZ `SSJ\
h[ ZF``dj}`J|[Z_SJ\
h` J cd\ jF fF!SMSJ\#"M$J 2 \c J%J&'%f!J
"S`Sj
`f9 "d`(%J )% J?F%J)*d &+\`,%fs`h`j.-/S0 S1SpjS &2S
s& SZd%f."od3S`4 J`F5jFf\
-/Sujc%\`SJ\uScS67&07189jS(s& SZd:J3F;"
>
<*=?>A@ &CB <EDGF H2I)JK L - M L Z @ON BUT
L &QPSR
`f)SXZ
"h`fYj+sF`Z&\uSJ\ @ js:[]\B2Z3c^"`_bac
>onqp
>
r
+
&
k
i
j
e
\ DGF HdI
L
K 7fgaYh &QPSRml
@ WVB
@ tskB
-/SMSJ\MSc\F`\c " U@ L 7
aBx u&?S"SvJ &'S)\`sSZ ;&+\ZkfFS(
w JJA"dZZ @ 7
y x B (zk%\^" d jF\`vZ`{}|~ j aAf w %SAjcd`_SJ\
ScS67&~SX &Q%
\f
s f \`S;%S.Zh`%|Z`SJ\=Z(c :S
&+jZSFf)d[ !_Uy Uc
-/SuSZj=o w @ %fM(% J|[sF`;[`SB'J
y>
y
y >on xU
\ DHdI L e
7 f a5X1
@ WB
-/S?vj /Js&F(%JS+&

\f}s& SZdj}S(dj0ZSS o&\M`Scd
J}Fs J|[S w %h*(s f \\lFsSJkJ # vn\S\+j &Q\F)SSW"SJ#_ba c
/6
/d6
-/S=SSJS|,FJFsF]%fZh`%F1SjF5J

s& SZd\oM$`c1ScFc\d
\7F\(&+SJ9cSZS=W"Z60xjS\7M$[M2\FfFZ`{mSM F
d&h`
"oFcS(cZoF} F [ZJ w :\MZSZd=`JM``2s& SZd3\oZ
:&&f* qJc%/Z`Sl#%SSJ\3%\`S&d&+SSZ` @= -3|2B &SM& SZ\

_ba c~-/f2jZ&f [h`Z `JZ w d+c%JMdd%fBM& SZ\W" Z6,\S0Z
:1d.~d1^d :k//!~232?
N (f)
Noise of the
Nyquist Sampler
K=5
EQ
0
fNy
2
fsa
2
~ vm %k?v'1 6X d Q%0 1v% :

2 % !v!% +X+ (%q% 0.#k vXv
`Q0k
?kk
+*
+ *
3 *
0
t
3Od / /0 *% /% v6Oo / # vA (

%:
:

+*
( 3
4
~ %. 33 0

X

t
:
v k
v/ Xv :m%.0k v%? YG% v%;

!#"$%'&)(+*,- '/.01"$*32
34 v( /k0v/ 'v#% 54d /vv v

v q ) Xb6 v%v vk:0!63 d 7v/%.%
/ #08
5% !%%q O q%%
9!:1;<>=@?ACBEDGFIH-?A>J);KL<MONPRQG;1SUTV9FPWH-?XAY=@?XAJ
Z\[
]_â`cb%dfe `1gihkjljnm1oUpEh qsrtdu vxw ykzYqsykd{e}|~#e `>vx]ah w\d]#gO`c^x`btow ]xqlrt`>rf]xh bfc`>w `c`y rdf]un`
` v#qsw `cyzYqd{e}bt`rfn`5dd{]qd{rqswkh `cw `]x vxbf`cydf]]xdfe `bw ]xqlrt`rf]ah bt`crR]arfrtqlukjl`
w ]xqlrtÌrt]ah bt`r1qswqsbfhkqsdfrv#bf`x
ek`bfvxjX|i' Ow ]xqlrt`vxwky ql#`b|0gw ]aqsrf`
m1]aqsrf`vxhkrf`yu\ow qd{`vx jsqs`cbY\vxqsw#qswEdfàbfv#d{]xbjl`vx0vxa`
hv#wEdfqlv#d{qs]aww ]aqsrf`
]_z`cbrth joajsqd{e `cr5]abrfh ukrtd{bfv#d{Ì]xh jsqlw
js]U\rfqsawvxjgi`c`ykdfe bf]xh ae
m1]aqlrt`]Uch bfqsw v#d1e qlxegibt`pEh `wkqs`rvxwLun`bf`]_â`cy}u\od{e Ìrfh ukrf`pEh `cw\dy qsaqsd{vxjOy `c5
qsv#d{qs]awLjd{`cb1w)u vxw yw ]xqlrt`Rvxhkrf`y}u\od{e `pEhvxw\d{qsv#dfql]xw} bf]U`crfrqsr>rth bt`rfrt`yu\o
dfe `]Uy h jlv#d{]abjl]U]aLe `jlvxrtddz]}qd{`crr'd{bt]aw ajoyk`n`w y]awd{e `jlvoa]ah)dvxw ydfe `
cqlbth qdYd{]an]ajs]axoa
e `kmG]xg-vwUd{e]abty `b]Uy h jlv#d{]abYqsrYaqs^x`wu\o||#
kmY>
k |yX
_
~)la0
vxrtrfh qsw vrtqlwEh rt])y qlvxjqsw hkd1rfqsawv#j

rtqlwdc{
>
~kl_E
e `Yv#e ql`5^#vxu js`1]xhkd{ h)dbf`rt]ajshkd{qs]awqlryk`cd{`cbfqsw `yWuEod{e `rtqlxwvxjd{]0w ]aqsrf`bfv#d{qs]vxw yRdfe `

df]xdvxjevxbf]awkqly qsrtdf]abtdfql]aw)m>Y
)qsav0y `jdv0])y hkjv#df]abfrvxbf`Wdo)kqlvxjljobt`vxjsqs`yvxrrtzYqd{e `cy)vxvxcqsdf]abqsbfch qsdfrgibf`
pEh `cwEdfjsogih jsjoy q`cbf`w\dfqvxjzYqsdfeLId{bfvxw rfqsrtdf]abfr1vxr1vxw vxjl]xr'zYqsdfe `rcg-z%`]awkrfqsy `b
rth eqsbfch qsdfr qdqsrqsw\d{h qd{qâ`cjsojs`vxbXd{ev#de qsaegibf`cpEh `w 5o`5`ccd{r%zYqljsj]Uch b`btgi]xbfR
qsw e qlxe `br{vx jsqlwkLb{v0d{`rIbf`cpEh qlbt`rRxbf`v0d{`bvxvxcqsdf]ab'evxbfxqlw h btbf`cwEdfr]abIrfvxjsjs`b
!1>@CEGI->)LORG1UVW-XY@X
xxcsfa
cxxcsfa sf fL

c

a
x"!$#&%'() x t*cc{+
#, - s{ "./
0\{l 1s

24352 6 a
7 Rf2 ".#c# 8kaR9kx
x:;352 <lUa0=>s?#, W* x>Ukf

"'
!$#
A CEB DF)G-H

S cT#
{ans
@a+-35
IKJ '
JML N
OQP
PR
>2 3 f
k2:f#2k 7!c EI TU sV XWY t{ \I
'Z kx2

kxxcs{ \[]
^t$ tk
)_f
QX à<N
b.itV c!#&% '() a

I
&c2c
Lf
a]N CDF)G
H
J '
dB Jfe B
gikh j
!$#
[o
c-xxcsfa ! a]N&pEq F)r
L N
lm>U@n
OQP

R
.ia - s+c{

f
t
I k S L

s
V#fl .
\2a{#fawf
\ S {x
P
xxcsfa2x y$ {zK {2 !$#&%'(| a
Lc '{{#\22
kW#x{x
f) xf#{s vu-
x l#f
+ }lx ~#, \{f ./c./ kc{s
*.itG2 X
U (3:
.=> 2I s=>\x
X =>ksl=>3 S
k2L Vt S sfxLf
t{
#, "= s l=>c8\x
I
"cffx}#,f{ ./K./ cfl !E
-=> 2
s=>\x
\{xcEa+35
OP
s
R
2 c U< 3 cfl X
V1
Cf
f1
Cs
f2
f1
f2
V2
u-

P
I \2a{0{aN s
V#fl
1 '(|#cx
y$
6&K]$~]K7"&,,~((<
x
18}{vK6
,Q/sb">Qs>,/f-Q/$;>
&52"/ > x9 _
8 2 cf ^ >

9

c]

, _
6
}2 E|> 0
X @ f 2 2
2
/ / 2

T 6<)

]m

6

5
, ;>
- _
>
"
Ex 5TQ }

$
/$ * 9
, _
>Y}5^/ 2
E22b
( 2_b

6

, /$ ` 5

,

" `>
b _ >02 _/> x 9
; > 2
! " ! , w / \

5
\>}: M $ 8 0
/#$
>&:
f b$w 2 c20cQ M % x

8f 2 @2 // "" '
& ) 0
>

T
}

8
522 ,: 0
( *),+ &M? 21 &0/ & /

.-
43
(
& _
> *0
:(
`
i2 (
.5 .6
&
6218,7 &0%/ & /
2 5T2
9
2&
&
f0
@?2&
f
;
8
52 _
"2 E// ? 2

52 @ ~ 2
0x2
c5 5

_/
;
=<?>@BADCEGFH ADIJFLKC NMG<
s> > ` 2
O

E2226 ,
f T f
522 , 2 E/~/ 2
c522 x $
0
f7*<
5
(QP &6
R&0/
(TS SU1 @VS .& /
5f
621W#7 &0#/ & /
X
Y:ZQ[]\_ÔÙacb$dfehgiÙa_jN[]k\Ulnmporqf[QsGtuY=e=ovgià2Ôàwj
a(s) =
+
Vin
xy
a0
1 - s/p 1
V out
z -1
zi{}|~# yy z R%wL{;
2 #v { v{}#H vBG}N|H{R L,0,{}R{~
R R{}
,L R%H R{;R{|#
yHG
_H
zO{|~# y w {}#~{}Q{R|#RHO {,|,0,
ideal Integrator
z
1
-1
z
-1
Integrator with Finite Gain

az
-1
1 + e+ a e - z
-1
(1+ e)
zi{|R~# yx R ,|R,H#2R ,|R,H# }{ {}#hwL{; ]R{}
:Q]_OUc$fhiU_N]UnprfQGu==vi2Ow
Cu
Vin
P1
P2
Vo
Cs
i}N;_]RR,RuRO#,R,H#
w2 #N} } L$#R4,h ,,H 2#_nNUJ $ #
Q J

D0
;,
J
D,} $}, }

J

$

"!

#

( *) -
./ 0)
w 0
HG

.
, ,# wR2#$&% R#wLG'
# ,R}## R
H#h
(*)G} ,+ L G G, wHi,$L#H,R#
,,H 2#1+BR
w 043
2

6587
43 9
;: 9 587

=>= R,?}# R @? LR}WRW##H, A#HHR R;,}

} 'B+ R H
<
CED9F*GHFJILKNMPO*KRQTSVUWILK
<

= #H,UR# ,} #, H % H}_ ,R ;

J XY[Z]\^(*_X$ab
` $R };# @? }dcef g<= R;,2% H#}Lh'
# ; ##L}i+ # # R , } }#$
jk
lnmaoqpgrtsuwv"xypgrazln{|mg}~hwl
j9v9xyproqpr,z
AW9&8>g9R@A-RW,W@y@>

@@
&1
nBa

*
W
@@RA8AAgai@&@>&R&A

ygWWW>Ra@>@|V1W>RnA9"@@1RA^
&&899"8Wy>&R 6>W>R @
@|
Ai> 8W">w9WWA8>A@>6;

>8WWWiA^6>i@

A" A
B
6 q
* A
i * a
@@1R
0
g&
*
*
Wn@qWWW8> >&@&6

@6
&
&

N
B 0 R >

a
W
*

&0>aJ
E*Hq1H*0 *0
9WV@ -RA @R-@RAW@@ & JW>@ A
@Ww9N-d@@W A|V|J>@ W>R1 >
&&@W& A
A
@&@W&|&A

@@@V #"%$'&)(
!

*,+.- / '
$ &0(
>@?BAJ C
( F / F $C&G(
!43

E
D
2

1
9

8
6
:
=
;
<
657

& /H $'&0I
W@Pg@>@V KJL$'& I
(
D
9
WL$'& WA@A& @NM O P( Q@@
9@&R,@|R

(V
D
S R
STVU
* W
XZY\[^])_9`CacbedgfihE`Ca)jk[^lm]Cno prqg[\s.tuXvfvpwhE`2ax_9`2ayj
|x}~
z{
Z}~~4x}4~~
i #}/y}~6}/|x}~
Vo
Vo
D Vin
T
T+t
0
}V { 2^})#}y\4V4ye~x4
BB
V'
^k}V}m6#.~4}~}~.444~~~y}4}~6L#x.

^/~#~^'C~}Z'4}}~i~
#k~4\}44~
~}4w}~^k}Z}|x}~~4)~.}4#~ ~V}
4}v~V}
S~\.~4'~~C4~x}4x~4~V
}~~Z|x}~K}K4'^.}kk}Z~}4Z|x}~#\~k
~^#}4}~'}}~v}/Z4}~~}^~}#|x}i~C
/}~4v~}#}~=
B@
v6
9L
BVZ

}424 |~@6/} ~.64}~~~'|x

~r4~~)})/~4}~~4^}~ }4r|x^~rk}S

4B\}4.64C}e~4~}4\#kS~4Cx}~}4/#~4S

\e.}4
"!#%$'&(*),+.-0/1&(%23!45#6879;:.!"<>=?@-@9A/1&B(C$'&B(D2
E,F
GIH>JKMLNPORQSKTHVUXW@KTUYQ[ZXKTW@WQ[\S]XN^Q[]X\S_0O`\S_DQ[Z_QbaH O`JJKQ[KMHVUcO`dfeg_h_hJXicO`Nkj,W"QSH;Q[Z_lWm_hN^HVUJnOÙJ
egHV]X\mQ[ZAKTUoQS_hpV\SORQ[HV\^qrbUYs1KMpV]\m_tXq F3u Q[ZX_^vwO`\S_"J_hUXH`Q[_^JxO`Wy{zS|~}RS}ROÙJYy|~}RPqs1KMpV]\m_%tXq
WmZH{aCW"QSZ_H`]XQ[]3QDWmf_^N^QS\S]GxqaHORJJKQ[KMHVUcO`dh_^\SHVW"O`Xf_hO`\CKTUQ[Z_HV]XQS]XQ"WS_hNQ[\m]G
O`W0\S_^WS]dQ;HReQ[ZX_hWS_wO`JJKQ[KMHVUcORdeg_^_hJiO`Nkj,W{oqY%UKTGI\mH{V_hGI_Û,Q;KTUUHVKMWS_wWmZcO`KMUpnNPOÙ
i_0O`NkZKM_^V_^Jq
@b
llc'nl
,Bc1B
@Z_0KMU,QS_hpV\SORQ[H`\"iX]KTdMJKMUpwiXdTH>Nkj,WDKMUnQSZ_\SHVHVWm_hJ5rs1s;QSHVHVdTH`p`vxO`\m_0\m_PO`dMKMh_hJn]WSKMUp
eg]dMdvnJXKMf_h\m_hUoQ[KTO`dWaCKMQSNkZ_hJ3NPOÒ`NhKQ[HV\lKMUoQ[_^pV\[ORQSHV\SW^qs1KMpV]\m_;tXqMIWSZH{aCWQ[ZX_H{V_^\[O`dMdO`\
NkZKQ[_^N^QS]\S_0HèQ[Z_lGIH>J]dTORQ[HV\^q@Z_0WmQ[\mKTNQ[dvYWmv>GIGI_^QS\SKMNWQ[\S]XN^Q[]X\S_O`dMKT_^JnKMUYQ[Z_leg]dMdv
JKf_h\S_ÛoQ[KTO`dNhKM\SN^]KQCNPOÙN^_hdMW@_^`_hU3HV\SJ_^\S_^JnZcOR\SGIHVUKMNhW^qBDUH`QSZ_h\@ORJXROÙoQkO`pV_%KTWQSZ_lZKMpVZ
H{a_^\"Wm]dvxUHVKMWS_0\S__hNQ[KMHVUPq
@b
,llD'BXc1c
dTO`\mpV_YKTUX]XQWmKTpVUO`dH>NhNh]X\SKMUpegHV\O5Q[KMGI_x;QaCKTdMddM_PO`JQSHKMUWQkOìKMdMKMQbvHRe@Q[Z_YGIH>J3
]dTORQSHV\hqA3HVGI_IWSKMG]XdORQSKTHÙWZcOP`_Ai_h_ÛG O`J_aCKQ[ZJXKMf_h\m_hUoQdTO`\mpV_IKTUX]XQ0WSKMpVUcO`dMWhq %U
KMU]XQCWmKTpÙcO`dHèDo ~WSKMU'[QaCKMQSZ* `lXq F ~OÙXJ V;hZcO`W@i_h_ÛxNhHVUWmKTJX_h\S_^Jq
_hU_^\[O`dMdv u WSKMUN^_5ZcOP>KTUXpOÙKMU]3QWSKMpVUcORdCQSZcORQAKTWAHV]XQSWSKMJ_nQSZ_nG O~3KMG]G
\[ORUpV_xegHV\
OYQ[KMGI_;Q u a_ aCKTdMdZO{`_wUHÙ3bJ_^WSKM\S_^JKTUXKMQSKO`dRO`dM]_hW^qs]X\mQ[ZX_h\SGIHV\m_ u Q[Z_AWS]iWm_h,]_Û,Q

JKMpVKQkO`d8LcdQ[_^\U_^_hJWlO \S_^WS_^QdTHVp`KTN u J]_0Q[H Q[Z_;WSORQ[]X\[ORQS_hJKMUoQ[_hp`\[ORQSHV\SW^qD@Z_G H>J]dTORQSHV\
OÙXJxLdMQS_h\CG]WQ%i_NhHVUoQS\SHVdMdT_^Jn>KTO OINhHÙ,QS\SHVdR\m_hWS_Q"dTHVp`KTNRq
"%'*,.01%358;.">?@@A1BC'BD
a 31
a1
________
1
1 - z -1
In
a2
V1
b1
d1 / a3
S
________
z -1
1 - z -1
a3
V2
b2
d2 / a5
________
1
1 - z -1
a4
V3
b3
________
z -1
1 - z -1
a5
V4
b4
________
1
1 - z -1
Out
V5
b5
z -1
'TVXSX
`` !#"%$&(')* +`
Output Spectrum (fs=10.24MHz)
20
IFLF5 with OSR=32
40
SNR + THD = 90 dB
60
Power [dB]
SNR+THD (dB)
50
80
100
120
100
140
160
150
180
0
100
200
300
Frequency [kHz]
400
500
600
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Frequency (KHz)
3500
4000
4500
5000
-,-/.h0123SS)45 1MVm3987:$6'7 +V<;71X7=0123SS)

> ;@?`h +*cS3A>X2B)DC6E= BXVGF
#"%$6'7 +V
!
1MVm3
20
20
40
40
60
SNR+THD (dB)
SNR+THD (dB)
60
80
100
140
140
160
160
180
0
1MVm
SS)
100
120
120
180
80
50
100
150
200
250
300
Frequency (KHz)
350
400
450
500
20
40
60
80
Frequency (KHz)
100
120
140
MVmXHNHNO$&(')* +VL;l17M012P"
X*HJI7K$6'7 +VL;71M0(1f3D" 1
[m)Q +RSh<ST.U1V WWD1Shm*B
160
IN
IN
1+
1-
Vr
C 2
1 1
2+
2-
C
1 1 2
+
Vr
d1 C
(a a ) 1
2 3
C1
in1+
out1+
1
1
in1- - + out1+
C1
d1 C
(a a ) 1
2 3
4+
4-
IN
C 1
2 2
3+
3-
C
2 2 1
IN
C2
C2
in2+ out2+
2
2
in2- - + out2+
5-
5+
C3
3
C3
3
3 C3
2
6+
6-
3 C3
2
7+
7-
C3
Vr
C3
in3+ out3+
1
1
in3- - + out3+
+
Vr
8+
8-
C
4 4
C
4 4
9+
9-
C4
13-
10+
C4
d2 C
4
a5
13+
in4+
+ out42
2
in4- - + out4+
10-
d2 C
4
a5
out5+
Vr
C5
1
12+ in5+
out5+
1
C5
1
12- in5- -
a 5 C5 2
11+
11-
a 5 C5 2
+
Vr
-Vref
+Vref
Vr
+
Vr
XY<Z\[@]^_a`cbedgfh^_@iZ\jk[lSmonqpeZ<r(sXtdtnufh^:_U]^:_=i
vxw
yhz{N|)}~g7*Tz}2|7z@\z+{N}-)~oyy!#%&()|)*+N}
4
c&#x
U2
7%2D)\
V+73*@c2%x+N)*oV3\V7J*2+N)3
<N)3oV2:2*23)33Uh*)N9ch2c)3!2(322x
)*7*22)3J))k))))7)23Qt))*32x
+*
hoV2U(32(33*3c2c)3@NNq#))*3372*Te))
7a)72322DN3
hN)N)TU) V2)D)N )2+
t) )2LV 3+*N72*32a
))*32x
+*7*N
+
V3k)3J=+))N +)72N7M#))*2+N 2<)3J(

J*327g)ND*)77q*)*PN7)7)R2*%22t77*33x
+*N
)#7*)23(7*2N*2N )D)h 7*%)N) D32DN2
V3k)*32x
+*)2
G%N3N6)*)DN&7T)*N)
))72 V2:
uJu <2*23 *u3* 5V+*3 )*%*)2+)3*+
V)%)3N+DN3)D)@J+u=73(*72xq)5NN*3c+3)322

/5323#)2c)32xN6))2#7*%)72)3* )*7*
3N)x 2(3232xM)*7*22
)V*3q)*773
)23))a2%N)3 5)LJ)+

)3*)2*2 h*2#)*%*)2
)3
u72M
22)N)*)+22\5k7)u)32VJL+2xN
) 3Nu+)2+7u2*)3*7737Du23N2gN2%+DN+t)

!!"$#%!&'(*),+-.)0/21
354
687:9<;=>6<?@7A=CB<DFEGDFH:IJBKDG;MLNDF9OEF7@9<9OBKPILNDFLQISRIJ6KIEGEF7@ETDFU$R>EG7:U$7:LVBKIJBKDG;MLXWZY[D\BKPN6<7:]MI6<^_BK;
I`Ra;BK7@LB<DbIJETcdfeTghDGU$R>EF7@U$7:LVBiIJB<DF;LXjTI`9<7:68DbIJEk98BK68=>?@B<=>6<7lR>68;MU$DF987:9mBK;nIpoM;MDG^_qrDG6<DGL>]
R>68;Ms>EG7:U$9:WOt2P>7uLv=CUwsa7:6%;xyRI6KIJEFEG7:Efs>D\BK9w98P>;M=>EG^zsa7uDGL>?@6<7pIJ9<7:^|{,=>9,B%IJ9}x~I6TBK;9KIJB<DF9,x
B7T6<7:=>DG6<7@U$7:LVBK9%
4
W
t2P>7T;MRa7:6<IJBKDG;MLO;xUw=>E\BKDGR>EGDF?:IJBKDG;ML?:ILms7kqr68DGB8BK7:LI9
4
P$:X~L_ FP
X~L8,
>W
>
;M6
Pu0*L'_P
:X~L

P
:X~L
P>f:*L,
0*L,
>W

qrP>7@6<7PmDF92BKPC7U%s>DGB?@;570u?@DF7@LVB!o7:?@B<;M6!IL>^*LfBKP>7TDGL>R>=CB98DF]ML>IEW
sVovDF;M=C9<E\Mj.IUw=>E\BKDGR>EGDF?:IJBKDG;MLlDF9kLC;BKP>DGL>]mU$;M6<7%B<PILI9<7@6<DG7:9T;xfg!;MR7@6KIJB<DF;L>9x;ME
EG;q7@^sVmILI^>ÔIL>Î?@?:=>U}=>EbIBK7;MR7@6KIJB<DF;LXW
c=>6,BKP>7@6<U$;M6<7JjMBKP>72DGL>R>=5B9<DG]MLIE>DGL;M=>6?pI987DG9I
s>DGBy%U$;5^>=CEbIJB<7:^$s>D\B98B<6<7pIJUOW=>7
B<;BKP>7@9<7r6<7:I9<;L>9:jI987:68DbIEC^>DF9,BK68DFs>=5BK7:ûI68DGBU$7@BKDG?yDG9BKP>7U;98BR>68;MR7@69<;EF=CB<DF;LXW7:L>?@7j
B7E\BK7@6yDFU$R>EG7:U$7@LBKIJBKDG;MLm=>98DFL>]R>I6KIEG7:EGE-^CDF9,BK6<DGs>=CB<7:ÔI68DGBU$7@BKDG?kDG9yL>;B?:;ML>98DF^C7:6<7@^mDFL
^>70BiIDGE~W
S-}k
kp}
p'pk
0'pp:!k
':
g!LzI68?iP>DGB<7:?0BK=>687sI987:^z;LAIOEF;v;MM=>RvBiIJs>EF7~.tDG9^>7:98?:6<DGsa7:^`DGL
98P>;qr998=>?iPlI!ts>I9<7@^l9,BK68=>?@B<=>6<7JWwt2P>7DGL>?:;UDGL>]
68;qr9DFLI%
T
W
WcDG]M=>687u>W
s>DGB9<DG]MLIEDF9k=>987:^BK;IJ^>^>6<7@9<9
L7pI?iP?@EF;v?i$7:^>]M7!BKP>7!s>DGB<9yDGLBKP>7!9D\xBy687:]MDG98B<7:6892I6<7!6<DG]MPVB89D\xBK7@^Xj
R>687:987:LVBKDGL>]ÌlL>7@qIJ^>^>6<7@9<9BK;B7.tkWt2P>768;qr9;x!BKP>DG9
?@;MU$R>=CBK7@^687:9<=CEGB<9;xBKP>7r^>7@9<DG6<7@Ûw=>E\BKDGR>EGDF?:IJBKDG;MLXW'tIs>EG7>
I!ts>I9<7@^c
?:;MLVBKIDFLSBKP>7OR>6<7
98P>;qr9BKPC7?@;M98B<9fB<;}^C7:9<DG]ML
E\BK7@6:W't2P>7!s;M=CL>^>9x;M6fBDG998;MEF=5BKDG;MLI687!]DGo7:LsV$BKP>7rBK687:U$7:LC^>;M=>9

!!$%!&'*,-.02
M82K*<>k!2>GM

\K@y

C:< '2>k< :*K>.M

>@<: $ >

>JK

SR
G<:
! #"%$
N
-1
2
LUT
N
words x m bits
2
clock
data in x(n)
@ 5MHz
SR
N TAPs
Scaling
Accumulator
m
2 -1
Add/Sub
CLK
Register
& ('
G
>8
, 687
+
4>DFE(.'
@
. I@
@J?LK MON P$
G
@MF,K@
5CG
+*-, /.
.
G2K>
:v
>G<
@F
<
<G
C
><
J<
9:';

() @ RS' UT> V

L6 \]6 C ZY7
Q1
r:MG8<:
()
0132
5@<
& 4
7
G
G
G
0' 54
F,K8
& =* & 1=

G
7
H
G
5K
>

8G<
4> >2
H 7
G
G
G
06
$@<
?A@
%H 7
G
G
G
BC?A@
7
G
G
G
>
+*<, &OW @ & :@ X; X 1ZY
(' ^=D' I 8_ 1

V
J<wM
<>T
!
C
8
>JK
G<:
<>k
J<F
\K:rM >:
[
arC:<
`baIc:d>eQfhgjiSklaCc>gCmon
c>gCfpgIfqc:rtsvuwc>exszyJ{
~8
bXhO
AIX
b]
|1}
pXOA
^v^D^DlwS(1;ô^D0^^]10[^^^

ÔO01IqD8oC^QVz^V1qJ 1D^b^^ Oz(v
V010+
^>+>^;/^1x(DD>^;
;^
^0>J0>V^V[1
(ooV015 V0;^1/0IVV ;Q1#1 ^;1Vo
vooAO-l^;Z1(CJL1V 1t>(A%]^JD>JL
o1VV Uw:(S:^:(/D%]V_0DDo!(1F;
(^P:];^( oX1D1C8o^;]D0(3S1;0SQ;
z(v>V1o0;C<^:1D0X^(ZZ](^D>^1o[1C [V!1o
;(V } ;p0%8(<;JD8(U0V1!(
^D | /I0DD
0%8FJD^Vo0;^VV0D^^L0zô0D

D
(VC+0%8

I I1Jx:q

C
!
JU(^1^DV01S1V1S^;^[DVV8;V^(^^(%8

z0
0;^^1^DV%01
(;%0PV0/((^!(1+
8
z]Â;0%X;5]V1z;h1DV>+z0::I0%X;0

CV(JL;1V C8(IP+;;C8I1[1ZbQ C
0v^J^DVS/(( 0%8SI!( L[^^^L0];01^

8
CF(
I(V^
1D
JL P

:%
:;S<

!:^
O0%-O(
!A8
>(
>
>
:^

A
| :8#
CA
Q
I%D0V>1VD ;[!(:^^;_:0];0(UQ0^wo0>
z001^w ^D>^+(J1P:S I;31^;0%o;

!#"$
%&('
clk
)+*
N
-1
2
lg(N/2)
N
words
2
m bits
Repeat p times
sign bit
m-1
0
m+n....m.... 0
data in
m+n ... ... 0
Add / Sub
@ 5MHz
Register
@f
m+n
~ ~
up/down
counter
Decoder
ROM
p x MUX
@ f out
,.-0/214365 *87:9<;= 3?>A@4-CBD5E>EB?143?5GFIH%BD@45KJL14MCBD-03DNOBD5KP 5Q>Q-0RSN+BD-0F2TU,.-0M0B?5Q3
An
An-1
An-2
B2
A2
B1
A1
add/sub
FA
FA
FA
FA
FA
Register
clk_r
Sn
S n-1
S n-2
,.-0/214365 *47WV<;X @45ZY[5Q/I-]\#BD5Q365Q^
S1
S0
= ^4^85Q3A_I`<14a8B?3DNI>BDF23
b cd efghijcdhkldhghgd m!n#o$df%np(q

sut#s
vxwuy
r2r
z|{E}~!y{ZSZw
Qy
y} G}{E
2S
}wuy

{E}.y
(4I8+IDI2[I!4C6?Q6++?A4CDEED8?0D+I04CDI$?4?02II6?4?I42
?4?I0220I (40+40Q6I68+?I(8 4C66Q6I?I]8?]I?E4]6Q[I84?
0S+DE0
I.?4GI?Q?Q40?EL2[I?I0]E!]40QQD+D02L?4?QE?IL4C
6
2?2OIQ62<u4I?8I68D0]0OD02] IA40E2EO D4Z<E4?I8]28Q
8EQ8?]IuD0S+(8?E?]I.+44?2IAu4EQ4LQ0<AUEQ0Q [8]0Z+DI0]E0220ZQ
26.D4(?I(4?QE?024E]AZ<E]+(4(24[0?(E244EE?]2?II+#20404
6Q?]I%4?QE?6]4EQ0SI+Q?4Z6Q6I%6??4D460?Q6Q6?]82+0S8]ESEA+?]2
0 Q(4(?E?]II60?4ED0[I0][IQ6Z<48I I48040[6D64E?4?+(4
2EDI0+?A4CDEED8?+?+]0QE]IQ6]+]0QE?28?]84.0246 4Z?8[?4
6I0]Q+D02LI.CDQ[[CDu#<E??0QESE]E? 040?EE2?A(4KQE
Coefficient
m-bit
x(n)
h =h
0 m
y(n)
Bit Serial Multiplier
serial output
SR
SR
Coefficient
m-bit
h =h
1 m-1
SR
SR
SR
SR
Column
Adder
Coefficient
m-bit
.024?44(4GC6<Q6+!?A80?QE?4?[CD<E??0ESE]E?
E]EZ4CD040]Q+D02]E626SE[0?Z4C6?Q6+$Z80?]400QQ.02464 r ?8[?4
!#$%(

C
C !"$#&%')(+* %, --!./
0/ +%'* %12
*43)5!%67* 8 9 /5: --6<;>=@?A#CB4"EDF +G6"HGI %-JDF K"ML 6 +3N +CO.
P C!!QR:
%9 S
%-T,6CS$ --6-U"=V 8 WX /52 --!C YZ!FC!-'O3
6S
"
[ 3&!*%-\
*43%3 Z*E%3&2 2% + %\E ,DF]_^
P 0Z % %_
S!-IO\"`DF CG"bac3dYe[3C#6*E6"
m-1
m-2
x(n)
Carry-Save Adder
FA
X
2s Complement
D Q
A
B
y(n)
FA
D Q
Ci Co
D Q
A
B
D Q
Ci Co
clk
DF fG6" Ag`h 088?A! $XYiHj=Z2 2%.k7C
lnmporqtsvuwyx{z9|t}N~}6||du)}9SzsOqtsOwS~
[ 3'%0!6'c! +% /5

31*/ N + %% f C

--C %
P %3-"]X%*% #KL3:6X* 8 ' --!QpYe36:%#4 !

+*/ */ -!-UQ
3<%O6_ -6-c < A* +!-%
3 P #c6

"7]X%3:O dYe%*! * Q 3<* 8
N + %cYe NSe*2 E-U"`DN 3N +/Q23e*/ %N e +*43!-: %, .*/ W
d5 6;=@?6^TB4"e#
P #/Q3'S %-7 J --6-YeC3687*%-6 %3
* !!3$ + %%6I* !C +!-J

. %I3.! %-"$=V WX d5+ --!
c!O!-J3$T2$S
%.#f2 -6--1 60 % "
h
*/ Q
3c6*cOT
-- %36! %6-.*%6 6. %-!!%-!% P 6T64
\;OO6
-6-B
%-<
%:*%-<* 8 $6 ,;6{*/
c_ 36/ -: --!)B"{DN{/ *43:%!Y
Tjp`9&j&2cj&{TR8j)@
SUy
6VO X!e4
CN@2Sf U
W 1F_ .ZJ!6:8<O _6.O._\
C84!f1XZ
6X/
1@ C @/ AWX
,V C OV.NUS
U
6'
N<6 !J9N
ee64!S9,!CS

79SC
\9 !666, !nX
,2AN!){/
466c!Jf/
J!SUI`4
6 Ny66V !/
9SV
U/
W .
ZW+
{@j9,!Z
6Se e!2 9
O FC
e!2@ C$ !
,!+F

8
8C22/
! 2p6
\
+6fF+89 ,6
a a a
6 5 4
a a a
3 2 1
CSA
CSA
CSA
CSA
F

FV8W86
6
de

Tjp`9&j&2cj&{TR8j)@

"!# $&%"'()*,+-./"('-%

0
21 &%345/
6 8':9<;
7
CF55&%
6 > DQP &% SR ! T> 1 &%
P:V (0> G &W /X>3&%
Z ':,[\9 &4?> G &W /]>^&%
Z '- !# 4`CI55&%
= !
4?> >A@
FJ-
FJ-

FJ-
B:C
KL
KL
# MY
U
O
B 1:D
B ' 1 /
KL
-#UM K L
#UMY
#UM_K L
9.9
C F
E
:MNK L
#UM K L
O
O
O
2G
MNK L
#UM K L
O
O
O
HI
2G
O
#UM K L
O
O
O
a8
4 CF55&%
G &b ! %3.5dcI%35e7%X ('%*> V f6 > D]P &% P >3% ! 9,> ! X% fe > Vhg 4i Z '- !# j
%Xk l &m
5 e > VnZ %3%]@ DQP k+-ICF55.%3/.oe V &%X #p /q> V F.9 ':,[r9 .4?>s.4W> V 45 > V g 8>3&%
'-%X5&% X/ @ ## .>^% 9j9&'t.[\9 &4?>3/
uwv"xzyF{a| }~vIxF}IdxF}I|}"|xzS]xF{,s
s`3&.-X?<8r33k8k3F^`QiT^.r8X&3"X83.^8
3&`^^33$-X&-XI8-X\XF^ t<U-Îs 8-
^-8w^fz&-]^T&\&8X&83&s&t.\&8&?fT^88&
3-Ì.X-X&8X8X80zX 3^,z-$&3^8-.3 .,^
3j &^8&.^^8-aîT^&.$8d8-Xj3F3 8]AX&3*X
.&3XTksI8.- T X^Xkp8 3.&.33 .8.rT^\83 &t.\&8&? 8&
sr^8\3&\Û.-^8^.3,-3m3]zm-j Td&t.\..3&
ssX&X3t,XT0^&8?^z^d T380 X&-8X3&w8<rX&X&X&?^^s&k
8Iiqs&&3t.ÎI& 8 83\3j.3X&?zX&X8I
3j838k3S<
I7-X.-28`38F8388&23&8&^8-8I38tk
8&.n&t.\&8&?X3-^-zq^F3t&.3388&ss\&73z]^3.^32,:
3T< h-"i^ Q83&&
s8m]^X.33`:.r\kT<8&`-3.\îqi Xt.338kI&t.
..3&qI.&rX`-3&"QiT^.&380"3.-8X^.3.
TX_3.3ST^88.3
.:,r..?d3.-8X^.3j3X&83.r3&8&,j3&t.\&8&? 8& T

8h3&X ssX&83.7i-sX&X"88&"X2&.&33Xn33...^ 83s
8z8.:,r..?m Tz8\X&3 2iz3 Xk8.&
-F 8F&t.\&8&?3&zs3\8a .2i38.ai<r^Fr&I^8F]^3,
33 &]8?^&X&]^8-zrwfh8&.^^8-228^jkr&8t<`X-
^.:,r..?3.3 2z^ d8X33 ^. T-a 8 88X^z3
X&83&.3F X8--8 t<F33\8m83&.3`wj
X(n)
h m-1
hm
z -1
h0
h m-2
z -1
bit serial product

m bit Shift Register
8-XhYt Q883&8`^3$-3.i-3
z -1
y(n)
w"zFa IFIdFI"zS]F,
Coefficient
m-bit
x (n)
0
x (n)
1
B
Add/Sub
Cin
Cout
clk

!#"%$'&& (*)
+*#,-*.
x0 (n)
Coefficient Storage
Coefficient Storage
Coefficient Storage
m-bit
m-bit
m
A
m-bit
h
m-1
x (n)
1
h0
x (n)
2
D
Add/Sub
Cin
Add/Sub
Cin
Cout
D
clk
B
Add/Sub
Cout
Cin
clk
A
B
SR
Cout
D
clk
FA
SR

/012435 "6* (73/ 8#" 98:!.;<
= ;>? !#"@$' ABC * ,D+E#= &F.;G*A DHI*#;=4
J .= &KE.B
LM. ,N?" .,PO

E
" "%$'&& (
!#"Ief
"6* J " !
A6gh'3/ (#!=* (
k .l mG,( (;S'3D =*
QR
E#;S*6UT
VP\
V
Bi_jV
Bi_jV
"! J U "!. J =
]
^#V
V
V
$ V'W
R
XY3
Z XY3
[
^_a`bVP\:c d _a`bV/*\:c ]
^#V
:d V
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
Hn#+" odYp':&q?# G3/ (rs

BG ;S*=Ngt.'*A < !#"$[,PA6* ,*
G!;uHI*#;= J .#= (&
E.Bwvq/A ( xBy =*A N,. -m<, (;S["! ;AS[#;&fVz*A Y{E"6* [.& (
A
B
y(n)
FA
|1}D~R'ns}[~'[C~'[D~RM~'I-
iuR
5(1Y8

8Y<
U#[*<- 6R(lG!sNlGC-*fE6*([(lG( (SN#f>8 Y

6!#?:6* %1w-*#/ G # (#( ( (
!C (C(S*:* (!#(C:C(#!C#xC-(F#i!(
!:*#
z-2
x(n)
z-2
z-2
z-2
z-2
z-2
h1
z-1
z-2
h m/2 -1
z-1
y(m)
z-1
? n l6E(CR E#R4 (I/ CR(( G:* C#CllCG-*!

lG( (S
P
>1( (88 (i?
xIKIInsFEIG
M#!? l
'
E '(

Y

?x

n N #!M ?!ls
"!$#&%')( *
+ '-,.0/21
IKJML
3546!
7 18':9<;=%>!?/@'
ACBD
AE.GFH%')(
NOQPRS:T-U-VWPYXZS[O
\ ]_â`_bdcècgfh^Zi@jg`_`Gkmlonpjqhlmcgr5cgstqu]_âvxwyzn{crH|^Zb}qu^{b~lof[lor@qh]_^K^Zkoi5cs<jgn{c_f}qulonZfZkmlog^

qh]_^{ajgbdlmfd^lorfdcrjgbjg`_`_kolonpjqhlmcrGfZr_]_^{bh^{r0qscbtjgnZcg_fdqhlmn>fdfdqh^Zf<lofqu]G^>r_^{^Ziscgbtkolor
^Zjgb`_]_jgfh^)\]_^~|jgbdlm^qcgsWd_koqh^Zbhf>Wloqh]qu]_^{lmbjgiG|jgrHqjgg^Zfcgss^{^Zb`jgbhjg^{qh^Zbhf{
ko^Zfdfx[^{cbd)jgr_i-koc^ZbxcM|g^ZbujkmkYn{c`_ko^loq-jgbh^qh]_^Zbd^{scbd^lm`_bdc`^Zbscbqu]_^{fh^jg`_`Gkml
nZjqulocr_f{Yh2kqu^{bhfjgbh^Ws_bdqh]_^Zbn{bhlqulonpjgkWlqu]Qbd^ZHjgbdi[qhc>f}qjgGlmkoloq[fdlmr_n{^qh]_^n{c^[nZlo^ZrHquf
jgbd^<qubd_r_npjqu^Zit^Zr_n{^g_qh]_^xi_^Zn{lmfdlmcgraqhc[n]Gccfd^jkqu^{blmfWj_fhckoGqh^ZkK[jgr_ijqhcbdg
aKqhbh^Zjqu^ZrHqscn{_fh^{fcrkmcMW`jfhfkqu^{bhfi_^ZfdlmrG^ZiqhcQjgkofhc[è^{bdscbdjfhjg`_kmlor_
bhjqu^xbd^Zi__nqulocri_^Zn{lm[jqhlmcgre
\]_^bhf}q?jg`_`_bdcHjgn]8lor8^{|jgkojqulor_2`Gbhc`^Zb}qulo^Zf-cgsi_lolqjgk>i_^Zn{lm[jqhlmcgrkoqh^Zbdf-lmfqh]_^
f}qubujlm]Hqdscbdjgbhi:crG^f}qjgg^kqu^{btjgfi_^Z`Glmnqu^ZialorlmGbhôrKqu]_lofWjg`_`Gkmlonpjqhlmcgr
W]_^{bh^qh]_^vxwgyn{crH|^Zb}qu^{blofbhGr_r_lor_jqtWjgr_iqh]_î_^Zfdlmbd^Zi[cGqh`_Gqfuj[`Gkmlor_bujqh^
lofgGtgjKi_^{nZlojqulocrcgsH~]jgf<qhca^`^Zb}scbh^Zi?lorj:fdlmrGkm^f}qjgg^gy<^{nZlo[j
qhlmcrKH:[^Zjgr_fqu]_jqcr_kK^|^Zb}:HecgGqu`_qWfujg`_ko^lmfbd^Z0_lobh^Zi^ZbdscgbhlmrGqh]_^
i_^{nZlo[jqulocr:lmr:crG^xfdqu^{àsGbdqu]G^Zbhcbd^x^pjgr_fqh]jqqh]_^xkmcMW`jfhfkqu^Zbbd_r_fWjqqh]_^x]_lo]
n{crH|^Zb}qu^{b<fujg`_kolor_Kbujqh^gtvn{c[^{bhn{ljgklm`_ko^Z^{r0qujqulocrlofi_^{fhnZbdlm^Zilorg\]_lof
jg`G`_bhcHjn]Kfh^Zb}|^{fWjgfjgr~__bh^cgs^Zbdloqscgbs_b}qu]_^{blor0|g^Zf}quloHjqulocr_fWcrkoqh^Zbf}qubd_n{qh_bh^{fZ
\]_^kqu^ZbnZc^{[nZlo^ZrHquf^{bhî_^qu^{bhlmrG^Zi_fhlor_:@_Hqucckoecp^ZflmrcHjqhlmr_~èclorHq
H
Yt<5xWW_W2
gdoh_{hmWueg<0_Zdmdpghg{hZdm}uo<_ogddhZmh_

Gohth[oZ_ghY=u~dZHhu>Yo Gm{[{Hhm~oo_{hoh{~u
g{~h_
haoZ_ghKu{ _oh}_dWuhuod Qh_xZ{ phmGZtZ_{uGxZ_d0_{_Z{
gomuo_h_Z[ZoZHdoZ_gh?Woo mgZdhmu{$m_{ugo "!$#%
'& mgYWhhhZu<hh__ZugYhG_u_{({m{Huu<hZghg _oWm{_gu)_
'& motd_MWoah_*"ZG_,+e
)_-_h{hZHh{/.01&__mu>mh__Gm_3254687g5)GQ_Z{m[hmg ohZ_g
_{hoh{~dh9" _~hu{0uo[g:<;9;g>=*h0_{_{ _dp
?o0h;G@2g_ ;GA292<_B&
[goC7{Z?h0_{_{gG:_Z{m[hmghuo D -0g__gh?_Zdmgh gdFE{h
d{ug{h_Gu[Zg GGuu_gd{ u{{([ZoZHu{G{d:_d{_oth_1Hg
0
gGI4MoZomg JK+gGLodoh_ MONPJ46JQR&SJ+_Lodoh_UTg_Vgho_
Wo__Mu__WmW
gxh_XgmdZ_ Hh_(g_Ygo_[Wo__MZ)_0_Zdm
og{Z_hg{-h_3NPJ46JQ(+g_gmghu_zx_o_Z ohZhGZhpg_dZ[ H
h_hZmhWgZmM\GhZ{mdmgLM G" _o]T<gmm _oWoh^ _!$#`%ahZG_Zdh_m__hH
)_Gh{_ Hd_Wo__M2u_mZg_YugZ}hommgh{h_ugGm(gF _mWu
h_bHgc
ed94pm{mmg-godoh_:
)_ uZ[d_ZhGmdZ2uZ{u_aZ{ phmGWpgf ea_uZdm_{g H h_
hji1klnmpo(qsrutvw"kxOluy]z"{ gmHhh__Z{mGhZ-:g|NWpHghGm_au_Z{ Zuo_>
h_m>"Gmophmg}MhZ ) _oU2W:FTg?pZhgo ohZm{_gu?g~; m_{ZZdug}
)ghgHuZxoo_pgGghF_u_x{([ZoZHughd[udm>gpY xh{ZamYo_d
2W: - h{__{Z$}uhG{uGh~oZo_mG)u<mGogdGghm"_omZ _og|<_~*d D
{({m{Hu_{Z$u6 eQ}udZgG~d D _uW_om{ghh0_oh{u)dpgoC7{Z5`BN
u{Woh}{hho{({m{HuZ
)_>_ZdmdZ)d0_ZG{hZceg_hFeWuh_>ce{Z puo_<uGm(+Gg3_omthGW
o mg_hP2 mGh82_h{hZHhuGto3__ohth{_hto3_Huo_mHgdoh_{uo
_dmG:_ HhG?Wm_G/<_uKh__mgd_ZguG/`BN uZ9 Gugm
gZd/ _ghc g_:hW"_o_WGm:pY <dZZ:oYmg_h2@2K)_gd gGadC__mxo
oZdWhg;G;9;9;; >=gGKpg:_gG <dpg_{aWu:oM&d_Z>_ohm}gg}ud_{h_h{
8*`Z9 (GG*Z$"bG}KB`Ba`Z
GWC$R"pGYn]eG9
(-8 F 8

_ 9_ 9 p9>
"W Z C,e 8R,>FeW9"
Analog
Input
S-D- Modulator
9_
FIR Filter
D
32:1
W9" 9Z WLnF9ee""(e"c
x(n)
f = 5MHz
s
LPF
32
f
p
f
s
y(m)
f = 156.25kHz
o
C9_ "(BW FeGe"W8_3"W
y(m)
156250Hz
16 Bit Resolution
8*`Z9 (GG*Z$"bG}KB`Ba`Z
H(e
jw
)
transition
band
1+ d p
1+ d p
100dB
passband
stopband
d s =0.00001
w p = 0.5
w s = 0.55
KW9"c A ,><]eW"

" W<FC
Desired Frequency Response
20
x 10
0
20
0.5
60
Magnitude Response (dB)
40
80
100
120
0.5
140
1.5
160
180
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
Frequency
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
KW9"c " cCcV>?""G K W9"c @ - .>/ G " 0"

c _"""! "$#&%('*) +,9
"12""! 0"$#
3547698;:=<?>A@BDC<FEGIH
JAK
LM6NKOJ;<?PQER:6SH
<TLUGV>WL=GVXY:=<?>
[]\_^
`Na]bc
ZZ
debfgihkjmlnf]g5eolSgpeaqf
rOstvutwxyz.wS{|}s~ttmDRT{u.t|x0z.t~{/z~](~1z{u.~zstIz~|u.tIV
U~xut p5tuw~y~|]~yttz}{/z.~"utwzu.~|z.wzs0t;|2t|~t1z.wzv{&0t]1x
(tun7~z.w9x{z.~{/z~{u.x0T0~wt2||x0u.wvxtqzz.styw.w/;{/||x0u{|I
{/z.tu&zux|{z~]rOstutwxyz.wz}{~t
~z.swz{{utw.~wz{/u.t~{/z~
(~1z{u~z.stz~|{/u.t
~z.s~ztuyt/zs/z{|}s0~tI{/yt/rOst{~~w&zt/{y
x{ztnz.stt_z.tz&pz.stzux|{/z~z.s1xw9yt{~z.]{ut~|{/z.~{/xz9s${
~zw7{utu.t2x0~utzttz
z.st&w.(t|~|{/z~w7t|tw.tItu.{yR|{/y|xy{z~w7s{t&tt
tv{|{utmzqzst0tw.~u.tq{/~zxtu.tww.t/Sz.sttIuzw9/?tw~~
{]~~z}{yUyz.tuRts{tz"{u0~{/ztvz.st~t{y5uutw.w~{w(twz{/www.~yt
U~xutS ws$
wz.st&tw~ut{~z.xt&u.tw.(wt
rOst&~0xt|tS=|2t|~tz1x{z~{/z.~"z.q{0t"u."ytz.s|{"twtt~z.st
yy
~U~xutwrOst|tIq|~tzwtu.t]zux|{ztMz.M Z O$0F{/m~zw
ttu.u.~&z&|}s{ztu7zs0t71x{/1z.~{/z~qwzt~wF1_UrU{0yt&ws$
wFz.st
1x{z.~{/z~"wztw
uzst&1xntu=~zw7xw.t~zs~w
|{wtnwzx0
U~xut Z w.s$
wzst$tu{yyUut1xt0|u.tw.(wt{/z.tu;z.u.x0|{/z.~mz. Z ~z.w
s~yt
xntu7/5~zw
/

$12
Z $12
$12
Z $
$1
r={yt2Fx{z~{/z.~2z.t
z.stz.u{w~z.~]{ut~|{(t;wtt~]U~xut5U~xut01t;|{wtt;z.st
$tu{yyRu.t2x0t|Iutw0w.t{ztuOz.u.x|{/z~zst&|2t|~t1z.w;z"$v~zwrOst&zu{/w.~
z.~ut~]uz.s~w
|{w.t&~w7ws$
~"U~xu.tnF9~xwy{{~xwz0{
579;=?ADFI
A
MNO;?QRS
TUVW=VY=?
/2/
U 0 U

U !"#.$%&.('1 )(# 2
F* +'2,/.$]
*
O/
-
&
(#* 0/(67

0
/ /
U ..$0/ .(

.1
O* ;1
.2

98
:
#;<
-* /=>

S (/ A@B / * <#2(CA1
n
U G$IHJ

FK=
(R(CF*

:.(/ .(
.1.
M?

#
/U

VU J$
GMU&.#'1 ()Q.(

/U
.0
* 2'1/1.$,
@:
* 0S Z.(
/U
.n

.1/

0

.
D
E=$1.F

#!U .
S
345

N
*

* 00#.T&.('1 )
D
#/
7 */
.W

*/
/2/9L@: 0NMO
.; /
P IGQ;
?

?
.

( $
. (#.#X)
(
/
1
Y(+2(
# (CA

0
.1;
#D#
/U

[\] ^`_
[ab] c^Td
[Ne#] c^
] ^
!&.('20 )-.(
/U
* 0#D5 I&=G'1.$,/*.fJ*
5
Ù

@:
>)
g [Ne#]
^
gihkjkl %m%n
] ^
o10* G'2,/.$](DP 1
#
* ;/..1/.$* G
*/
@:
pGqsrut
(.J|G}b_-
?~
(0 # &
M?
$
a d

1(
* 0V
*/
vbw
" v1 ;(#*

1
.

&$
/1$
|N`<_= ?
*
|N`<_K ?
*
|N`<_ S

6_

D
. ;</0.$
#
(; Z#

.$1

*
8 |N`<_
2V
$
;n
. &*S
S
] {H7^
= ?
6_
00
8
*
6_=
@:
y ?Pz
6
2.#/1.#
&* -M .#0(CF*
#-O
(
. .&$
<.#
*
N IJ& 9
6_
*
8
|N`<_
6_
.1/"

jkx
(/* 07 #.$
LN0+B.!:+4Z J`BsB
FIR Filter designed with Chebyshev Window and Quantizated Coefficients q=16bit (truncated)
20
20
Order N=4096
0
20
20
40
40
Order N=4096
0
60
80
100
60
80
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
0.1
0.2
` D< 1
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
180
?D#% #1(#DT1-X*
0.02
0.03
Frequency
0.04
0.05
0.06
?(% # #U D
RX+. >*I$?B X*
20
20
Order N=4096
Order N=4096
20
20
40
40
0.01
` DA
RXG0?>*I*9iNGU1+.>
60
80
100
60
80
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
0.1
0.2
` D< 1
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
?D#% #1(#DT1-X*
RXG0?>*I*9TbGU1G.>
180
0.01
` DAi
0.02
0.03
Frequency
0.04
0.05
0.06
?(% # #U D
RX+. >*I$?B X*
LN0+B.!:+4Z J`BsB
20
20
Order N=4096
0
20
20
40
40
Order N=4096
0
60
80
100
60
80
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
180
0.01
0.02
0.03
Frequency
0.04
0.05
0.06
` D1B?#% ( (A#DT :X*F
` DN$`?D#% #1(A#U D:Q
RX
RX

0

>*
*

>
"# $
B X*
20
Order N=4096
Order N=4096
20
20
40
40
$
20
60
80
100
60
80
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
!
>*
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
180
0.01

0.02
0.03
Frequency
0.04
0.05
0.06
` D"B?#% ( (A#DT :X*F
` DN$ 1`?D#% #1(A#U D:Q
RX
RX

0
>*

*
>
>*
!
$
"# $
B X*
%'&)(+*,.-0/21354-7698;:<2=>?(@=A<-0BC6D,(E:-F>G8H/I>.8HJK,.-0/
20
20
Order N=4096
0
20
20
40
40
Order N=4096
0
60
80
100
60
80
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
LM
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
180
0.01
0.02
0.03
Frequency
0.04
0.05
0.06
NGOPQRTSU9VWXY.NR!S[Z\QS^]_^`baS[cTde]c!SAfOhgjilk X GN OPQRTS)U9VWU9YGNRTS[Z\QS[]~_^`baS[c!de]cTSAfOg!iksX

mnOhgo+Qp]qgjOrpsgjOe] tu vwxyUz{rt|}~axqk nm OhgoQp]qgjOrp g!Oe]t.R!p]c!OhgjOe]"m#p]
')+.02579;2?@A0CDEFGHI.HK.0
##
lKH+y~K+D5+0nHDGH~
A ^T^j !#T@s[Th !??~[

!!^Îjqj !~T G!I9 !Fj ^F~j[
T q !~Fq !hj^! E~?GT?9 T"j~^[;b h
!![ j !j j?bs9 qj !T![![G!
by~ 7A~ETTT ^9;l^^qj[!h ^9;b[[qj^T
^[! j^n\qjsj 0AAb[^~T[! n!+T^[h !!T!^[
!^!T[T~~[^b[[q![^FljT[~j~hj^l[5"T^[
hj?[T[^![ j .[T!9l^^qlj~?s!j^\ j
[![ [hj hqj !j~
^j~9
~[ T[~["j~\qjsj?! "GT !; ! h ^
^9;l^^qjb?j~b!^^!! ^[
q)jTbnj[
T ^![^j.![G!l9
n9 T~j!~h!l^9;b[[qj
'qjT[;j!![ T[^! !;9hj j~

! A
T~b;jA~[[)j [!!^^j 0G! 9 j~E^9;b[[qj
T!h!j^qjjT[T[^![# "~b!!ÊT[;j[!;!hjj!
T[!T
) ( /$.& *
*,+.);Ib~TT[!T !^!^^!
) 5
-?>
5 ) 839
'
* &'4
* +
- $ .&
5') 839
@BA
- $ .&,$ *
4
&
3:'$6&7$ *
4 * &
*,+.*,+
*,+
$ 9 &
5'8
5'839<8
!~[#jl[!! ^!!AT" 9![!~ j
324
"0$ 1&
/$6&7$ *
4
"%$ '&
:
>
* &'4 ;:5'83) 9<83=
5'83) 9<83=
*,+
@ 3:$ .& @
$
T!^!jD$ 9 &[5'8 Tj!~![;j?5'83?9<G8 !9 FE!GH4 T

[^G [?qI !b7j[~hIE!J[Tl 7j[[hj~[
C
&
KMLFNPORQHS<TVUWYXZS\[^]7_a`VbacDNdb?`RS<ef[gQ3Nh_aSicj]kTlcH]km/QHS<T
no
p;q3rps
tvu3wxzy p{}|~
~ xzw
p,3|!~ u p w' p{3 x p{ w {q3p{ ~ x y
{pr|!{ q
xzwIx y pp;.p x}uw'au
|l 77g s ul ~r3{p^s~| ww {q3p{}q3~r~ x |R3 x p{R yw'au

~ xzy
~ xZ | ux ~| x ~ wu sh uxzy ~Zp,3|!p! x y p%.p;~| x ~ wu h|{ p%{p|1^pq
xzw 33| u q| x x p u 3| x ~ wu
| u qi|
x { | u ~ x ~ wu
3| u qi6p x pp u
xzw q
n s o !h o !s
y pZ~ u p u ;p w/xzy p x { u | x ~ wu ~ u p;r~r~3p~ u ;p xzy p;{ pZ~ u3w ~r u ~| ux q3p;~| x ~ wu
{ w
xzy pqp ~{ p;q
{ p 3p u 7Y{p wu p{ p w r u ~|!3p!si x ~p7^6p x pq
x { x { p;v wu ~ x ~ u r
xzy | x | |q3pq
w p7p{ |P ww { q3p;{ k x p{ y |p6p x x p { | ux ~| x ~ wu
u3w ~ph{ w 6p{ x ~ps
0.03
0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
0.005
K
0.01
0.015
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2L+1
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
~r3{ ph^s<# w } |~ u r wxzy p x |!{ rp xPw p;;~p ux
3000
MFPRH<VYZ\^7aVaDd?R<fg3haijklHk/H<
x 10
x 10
Filter Coefficients use Chebyshev Window
1.5
Order N=4096 Quantization q=16 bit
1.5
0.5
Value
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
1
1.5
200
400
600
Coefficient
800
1000
1200
1.5
200
400
600
800
1000
j3 j ^7;;z! j
3^ j h; j!
vPz1z
3
R
;

20
Order N=198
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180

H h^
0.1
0.2
0.3

0.4
0.5
Frequency

0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
d
3
jz; a P ; ;;;
1200
"!$#&%('*),+.-0/1'3246587,98:;!<97&'*=>2?% !@58'A: 4)B:(4CD%('*)

HJILK
EGF
MONQP*RTSUNVP*W XDY Z\[W1Y W1]_^ N@â`cbd]
efQgih jkjfml nogifqprgihsj_ftvuQl nxwGgtxp.yzh{w}|jJfh p~8yarp.kQgh j_p.ysj6fgLwjJ {nvgjktvuq nvj6

uqjygiwGgitvp.y F... fuquqjcgktvpjctvjygif~8togihwQ~p.knvjy GgihJpr(.Qstvgfwkj&kjl tvkjc
h tvf&tvf" l jgipqgih j@h tv.hTfgip. wy wggijcyl{wGgitvp.ypr . {wGy gh j@y{wkkmp~Bgikwy ftogitvp.y
{wGy ae&f8wcp.y fmjl jysjQpGrgh j$p.ysj1fmgLwG.jw kmpwLhsjc|.jckmJskpjfmf8txy_gh j nvgjk
kml y f"wGggihsj@hstx.hrkjcl jy 6prac.T"
h j{kmfmgws kpwGLh,gpkj}wGnxtvjgihsjA{nvgjk;~8tvnxn_j{wfmjp.ygih juVl nogitvkiwGgj nvgjk
fgiklscgilskj1wf3 jcfkmtxjtvy\ G G *$jctxuwGgtxpy_.@uqj}wysfgipQ txfm}wkmJsfiwuq nvjf
p.kcsjclstv|Gwnvjyg}Gjjjc|jkmJGfiwGusnxjGyJgihstxf8ws nxtv}wgitvp.y~j1uQlsfmg"p.lsg lsg"wy jc~
fwuq nxjjc|jk.GnvpL.sl nxfmj jckto|.jcrkp.u.TG h jtvygjkmujc txwGgij kpjcffmtxy
kwGgijtvf$ j6gijckuqtxysjA > . E p.k&jclstv|Gwnvjygino.(wy j6~fwuq nvj~8txnvn
jwnvl nxwGgijcjc|jkms f pAwLh tvjc|jgih j jcftvkjplsgi lgkiwgijprJ . "
.Lqtxsjygitv}wnV{nvgjkmf\uQl fg\kl ytvy{wkwnvnxjcn{l kgih jckuqp.kjGQwGyl G p~8y
cp.l ygijck_w nvjgp jcp j GF wG kjcffmjf T togifh{wfgipjtxuq nvjuqjcygjtvy0gih tvf
fgikiwGtx.hgmrp.km~wkfpnxlsgtxpy
h j\cp.l ygijck_prgihsjktv.hgwGmwGjygJ{nogijck_{wGghuQl fgfmgiwkmgJtogifp.jckiwGgtxpynvpL
6cnxjcfnxwGgijckVgih wygihsj kmjc|txpl fp.y jGtxy cj_l fmtxy Tp.y jcp.l ygijckVrp.kVwnvn@ gLw nvjfc
gh jpjctvjygfVwGkjnvpwGgijc~8tvghwJfmjc~pr_w skjfmfjcfqpjctvjygVh txf1nvp}wGgj
tvygih jJfmjcp.y wGgqw skjfmfs.atvygih j_gh txkmzwGgqws kjcff \wy ;fmpp.yp.uqj
uqp tv }wGgtxp.ysf3wyj8ws nxtvjqgipfmtxuq nvtvrgh j8fmgkl 6gil kmjjfjctwGnxnogipkjc l cj"gh jftvj
pragh jqgLwG nxjcf wG nxj_nvtvfmgif$gh jjsj6gijccp.fmg1gp_txuq nvjuqjcyggh juQl nogitvkiwgij
jctvuwGgitvp.y{nvgjk8~8tvgh p.lsg8gtxuqj jc|tvftvp.yTuVl nogitv nxjtxy s h j@{wkwuqjcgijckf"txyJgh txf"}wGfj
wkmjud D$ F. wGy s$lsjgipJgih jqh tv.h{nogijk1pk jck?~jwkmjqp.sgLwGtxy tvy w
kmjnxwGgito|.jcnvnxp~rkjcl jy 6tvyjc|jkT{wGkiwnvnxjcn(skpjfmf1(txy{wGnxno.nwkm.j@gLw nvjfc
wsGflssgikwcgl y togifwy kmj.tvfmgjkmfuQlsfmgjtvuq nvjuqjygijcs~8h tvLhJuwjcfgh jfgikml cgl kj
l y wGggkiw6gito|.j
"$&(*,.01368,;<&>? @8 (D(*

!"$#%&')("!"*%$)+)("$!$,)-.#0/214357698;:</=#%/"">?$A@
"*%#%/"BC$7)DEGF8H5 3
IKJMLD#0$-""-N$COQP7R>JMLCS9TVUXWO>Y)8 Z[(\,#^]_7$#0/"`
ab'c35OQP\Zd:<ef]*^)8gZ[("!#%/b$h-"#07)D)7h*0#%/"B+Ei$jk/"l'=,
a)
F8H5 3IKJmL_n
35OQP
Upo8 RkJML8qZ[("#%q_7/"q)(rXFQ3s")*%*%*t$k$uv"q,A"/"/"#%/"B
#%/w")*%*%*x$s
>y#%/z)("VOQPRkJMLu)">m$"*%#0/"BEi$jb"/"l'
8
{|/z)(#0-"$#%B
/~}("
}'>lh#%/Q<#%[$
$-?o3P)#%8Z[("#%
"*%l>#^|'_/
/"7q7,
-"-hEi
7/G/Q)7*x#%h*0h/Qy7$#0
/x8Z[(q$#%"*0#^]7)#%
/G<_7/G$*0#%L7}
7$-?
/)("h"$>)Ei
$s7""$
y(#%/d#0B
$ 8375}#0u$"*%#^$)#%/"B)("o3P?S33x3bY
[VIy*0M#%/Q)o3PwS3
3,FQ3QY[VI)"*%M/"-#0/$)#%/"BKo3Pp"*^)#%"*%l>So37P0orY
#^)(3
3"#%
-!*0/"B$(~8:*%$#0"*%l>h#%A*%>7)-`#%/!
'!")*%*%*7)(x}("#0y(
*%$u$("p$#%B
(Qu[VI$B
/Q_8A?p/"*0/"B
X("hG$-"/"-/'Ekh#0/b$8
Z[("kh#0/b$a*0k_7$-*0#%/"@|Q'Q@|*%#0/"78kh#%/Qaw#0)
-#%/$Bh/Qò
--"$$u5},<#0/B
/QA3G-"-"v5>}808%8}~(u#%/$Bh/Qso3Pz-"-"v5>} (,|V#0/
B
/Qvo7-"-"$$uo7/"-$Ei
$(~8u
)#0/oW#%-"/Q)#%_7*duIy7"*0[#%$(ap$#%L
E3 Wx+3
3A"#^)}--"$$$-KQ'/Pr@"#%
"/Q)8
Tq")?)("w$*07$#%*^'*%#0/"G$"*0#%/"BÈijb"/'
}[$#0K-k#0#0/v"*^)#%"*0>#0/"B
E$("-"-n7""*07$h/"#%$V#0qEi)*078pt#%B
"$ 83kop$("V)("A$#0p*%$#0"*%l>--a/"-a""*07$
q"/"#^_8M
'K"/"#^q#%<*%kyR-rqOur98M{|/K)("#%q7""$
y(~}
/"
--n"v"*r)G"/#%pEi
$uEi
",)7$#0
/A-""#0/"BK
/"*0kyRl'k*%GZ9r8aM

/*%'F
3p#%/")_7-wEo3Pp--n"v"*r)u"/"#^)m$X/"-"-~8
:m/?7$y("#^))$h"$#%/"B$*("#Ê)V*%_-V$
)_y(#0/"B$#%"*%#%]7)#%
/~8:7$$*
("#%E$V#%vz(7$-$h-"l>#%)("7u_/$(#%Eu
V$7y7$-"7yG
$-?b'/Q'/b"
E"#^)X#%/G$#%/"B
*%
,)7$#0/~8v{V,)7$X*%#0R7sGv"*^)#%"*0>8pZ[(hjb"#%$h/Q)u#0/
#0*%#0
/Ei
qGO~Oz7$$*t("#%E$VA$/QV#0/t#%B
" 83F8u>#%/"Ap
-"<$("
>ls#0/Q)#%/D)("w[VI?})(w7-"-"#^)#%
/*[>ls#0/QG*%$#0"*%l>$G/\
#%)-~8
Z[("aEi"G"(7$
$7)#%
/+_7/a
>y#%/"-cQ'*%k_7$#0/"B`$(" #0/+$("h/"/"
("/K#%/wd#0B
$ 83
3>8
Mq<d
X>l!2[< "utdd
["Vb$0v)"$"$u_X$_70%KQ
h "%$00a<7<"v"07)
wM"%7
" Q % Q M$k"%$
u d"%v

["pQ)%$
V00%0
i
<)p)"$"$"$$%,
%X0%$0d"% >H
["M$$"^)My%"Qh$"0

%k h0b $%)s"s
"%$
"d
["%""QyA"tp
00^7"$%_7$A%$"

"%h7)
y"%K%

a G)y""
%
"k%" > %$ % $%"
! k #9
clk
N
-1
2
lg(N/2)
N
words
2
m bits
Repeat p times
sign bit
m-1
0
data in
@ 5MHz
m+n....m.... 0
m+n ... ... 0
Add / Sub
Register
@f
m+n
~ ~
up/down
counter
Decoder
ROM
p x MUX
@ f out
$t%
" > m$y"^)$"$ud "^)%)7$%q0h7$0
$t%^)X")qi
X7""$
y
&('*),+
-/.10324657.98;:=<?>3@?AB)C@D>
.1EF8G-H)I<?.JAK:L0MA/:LNO-/.10
Q,RS TVUXWYU[Z
prq s
prq s
p
_ US ]
prq s
^\ ]`_badc
f
tHtuv;RHw
n? WìU
RH]UWYgH]Y=;
f
tHtWYUXW`_THS ]
;e f Ke ]YW`g;h[eK]Y_gHi
q;xzyx g { q;x|y}~pdx g
;q xzyx g
q
P
nDm { qqq s
PP
f,jlk
m7n lo m7n
x|yx g p x|yx g
prq sx g
g
q P s q sVq ss prq s
S wH]Y;z1n?RHWYXtlS Xt^S
_ÛXH RH]UWYSU7k,aW y SUWY_TeKWY]YUX^?WUH_ RU RH]UWh
gH]Y=;WYTHH yqq j Hg pq s
control
MUX 4 to 1
m
ACC4
ACC3
ACC2
CLK
ACC1
m+k
MUX 4 to 1
eKWYRHI; q;p W y RH]UWYgH]Y=;WYTH"_ (S Tf

tHtS THtf
aaR y RH]`SUlTHWU
Q7RHS TVUWU[Z
q
prq s
p
q
p
\^]Y_badc
e;f
e(eKi f,jlk
fltHt uvbRHw ?o{H p p s
q q \^WU*n*WìU
q sp
nm { q q
RH]UWYgH]`;{H p
\SXX]Ov;HWU
m7n
olm7n
ps
mv
XS THi
q q
p
S wH]Y;H"n?RHWYXt6lS Xt;S _UXH HR ]UWYSUk,aW y SUXW`_ TeKW`]URHiXWYTH\S X]

v;WYUX*S THt W y k,bWYiXWY_T RH]YUXW`g]`WYTHH y qq j
(*,
/13679;=?3?BCD
1FGHI?JKLM/LO/1
Coefficient ROM (4096 x 22bits)

1
CLK
Counter
32
0
64
128
192
1
65
...
4f sa
255
22
x(n)
Barrel Shifter (32in-32out)
mux Add/Acc
f sa
mux Add/Acc
mux Add/Acc
...
y(m)
KYH;|;HYXKYYX?`YX` JHXYHHYX``lH lHH`XX

XO;H
in0
in1
in2
in3
out3
sh3
sh2
sh1
sh0
out2
sh2
sh1
sh0
sh3
out1
sh1
sh0
sh3
sh2
out0
sh0
sh3
sh2
Shift Lines
sh1
KYHI;| G1"^ XO;YX

IJ;
;

V

"!$#&%('*)),+-%.!0/1+-23+45!0)7608.),9:23/<;0%(=>!$#?6@)85!$#A(#B%.2DC?+023E0=F#?+GH),IJ/<8."KL;0%.('*)7K-#&M0)75/
K4))NO@!0)B%@6*)=,23E$=#&523/<+0%P123@!Q#4%@23+0C<R3)NS %.5#?C<)BM0)=,2DK#&@2D/?+TE$RU5),8V(W+T/<8.M0)87@/-K423+02DK423X)
@!0)Y%@23RD23=/?+Z;@2DR323XF#&@2D/<+\[(2U423%];0%@)N^_;0R`5/a23K6RD),K),+G-=#?%@=#?M0),MZE$RU5),8]%.58.;0=,@;08@),%Vcb7!023%
#?6608@/G#&=>!d'*)=/?K),%T@!0)eK4/<8.)e23+G5),8@)%f523+0Cg@!0)h!023C<!0),8i@!0)aE$R3@)8i%@6*)=,23E$=#&523/<+0%j#?8@)&V
W+k5!023%T=>!0#?65),8[BR3/l160#?%@%jM)=23K#&523/<+kE$R3@)8.%j#?8.)e8.)F#?R32DX,)Mm23+m#n=F#&%@=F#&M0)h/?ôW1p/Z/<8
K4/<8.)eE$RU5),8@%VrqO+^_/<8f5;0+0#&5),R3s?[L=#?%@=#?M023+0Ct5!0)hM0)=,2DK#&@2D/<+mE0R3@)8QR3)F#&M0%Q5/gKo;0RU52uSW'02U
%.2DC<+0#?RD%,VYb7!v;0%["#
C<8@)#&5),8L=,/<K460R3)Nwx23Wsh2D+y5!0)23+v@)8.K),M02D#&5)%f>#?C?)%o23%z)Nwx6J),=,@)M{Vib7!0)
%@#?K460RD23+0C85#&@)|/?^}5!0)B23+060;P%@23C<+$#&RJw{~+JHKo;%.O'J)|8.)M0;0=,)Mi^_8@/<K<QOX|@/i?V<&:OX&V
b7!0)o%.5/?60'$#?+0Mj#&@@)+v;$#&@2D/<+Q2D%L<?M$OVJb7!0)L^_8@/<+G.S )+0MQ2D%#?R31p#Fs:%|#=/?Ko'QE$RU5),8[*1!02D=>!
6*)8f^_/<8@K4%
5!0)m.'0;0R3M0)=,2DK#&@2D/?+00Vb7!0)h'0#?=><SW)+M6J),8.^_/<8.K%
5!)yE$+0#?RLM)=23K#&523/<+
#?+Md=/?K6*)+%5#&@)%Q@!0)e60#?%@%.'$#?+0MmM8@/:/<6d/?^L5!0)e=/<KL'dE$RU5),8V;0)a5/5!0)y+0)),Mm/?^
R32D+)F#?8-60!$#?%.)?[#?%-K),+G523/<+0)M'*),^_/?8@)?[7/?+0R3sZE$RU5),8@%#?8@)i;0%@),Mt^_/<845!0)T60;08@6*/<%.)Q/?^
=,/<K46J),+0%5#&@2D/?+{V]$;08.@!0)8.K4/<8@)&[}%./<K4)4),IJ/<8.@%|Ko;0%fL'*)]K#?M0)&[@/Y)R32DK423+$#&@)23+02U52D#?R9&#?RuS
;0),%23+o5!0)p=/<KL']%.58.;0=,@;08@)&[?1!023=>!]12DR3R/:==,;08@)7#AR3/1^_8.)v;0),+0=23)%/<8Bh2D+60;%.2DC<+0#?RD%,V
P"<g|(xNOkg}f0zm"
-e-| (7<F
<
7 W`f OoWB$p
70B.J,U$F&@D?0O_<`@0B0,D&@D?i$U5,P?@z?G&D{P_@N(>0?5,Ov
5<00?0i`@5,v$&53<{ < $
3B$
?@.$?0jP3003?
?@.$?0 . v0,0 * o <x
U
5<00?0 . v0,0 * &7 :
??].5.0,@0@,z?@@.G5,{4?@@3034F?.F?0,y03@
f5@,5@T_<Y503Q0,@3< H<03m?0@3.Q? Ht<Y50.e.>&<, 7h@3<$&z3
0 0@?403 & @
F?> .5?<? (&>m@30<3ef>??e?d*a@033QDG@Z HZ$U5,@
U5e0 J.G? fN5 <, e?h,5,@430-@0-$U5,L?@0,o?Li_0,@D<e?p@0
.J,U$F&@D?0O
0.Dj<D :>

!

"
$
&%
'%
%

)(
+*
-,
/.
'%
10
32
7 W` h v7 H d 0p
,_,@@30@4f<3lv .@@<0? L0*0"<50p5?403DB_. v0,0 4A57D0?
@0|$3@.5?<& W
50| H Wf>??z$U5,F?.F?0 pz$ <o?
DG5,@4 &@o@?40D30
_. v0 T? x 3<0. xDzD330.@5&@@0L@:.?0,D&@D<i_<O H
f>?<F?.F?0&"?D xD.0 750 xJ,,5,Y$3@`3?50`_?`L H Wf>??F?.F??
OD0*<.@30D?@,p?.7D3.@ ?.@0430B5$&@070,@3@-0,D&@D?-@&53|D(* p,
? p :3<0. 50.?D3f <@?3J$U5,`D,0?@YF?*|?>D <
*f_<@430
@0B0,D&@D<i3i H-f5,0O& ?0 0
465
87
89 $:
=
?>

8
<;

%
'% @
BA ! C
3.
E2
D2
'% @
%
GF
'% @
H@ '%
JI K.
+
%
.
'%
L
<@
MON!PRQTSVUJWYXZ\[EU^]-_`Ca_bac`dPfe\gVhiSj_<]kSlPm`CUonp_bWqnp_bhkSVUJW
x(n)
LPF
1
f = 5MHz
s
D
1
D
2
LPF
2
f
f
p,1 s,1
f
f
p,2 s,2
upvxwylz|{~}t s8?<K w{mR{

v+
w{
3 ?-!m
s }
E

r s
s }t

ts }
r
r s
r
ts

r s
s

s }
r s
r

ts
s r
r s
ts

} r
r s
r
}
-s
r s
}

s
r s
r
s
}
s
s
B v
' ?!~
2 y(m)
f = 156.25kHz
o
f
1
rts
Vl {m}t sJp z { {

z|C z {
?<K w{mupv / {z! | {cB~
O!RTVJY\E^-Cbcdf\Vij<klmCopbqpbkVJ
'
RiKl8^&ii<pl<?
c +l
\?Cllt<Dt|l|lx+l|Kll
+llti
/'|lTt| '<
+||lt
l++l
+
|lx|m|
|Kll
x
~ Cl! "# %$Cl &('p+l|)!
|lEl|
|!jl
x|x1Cc|l|
*'<E33l",+Vl+-!
/
l^
xtxT0Rl!mlRx/
+ x.
D|l
+x+l||
l.Cl~*/-
l
++"B+c1
2 l<JlCl|
3 3<43< l
+ B+ +J|l|56+l7^Cx|t
x(n)
LPF
1
f = 5MHz
s
LPF
2
LPF
3
f
1
f
f
p,1 s,1
f
2
f
f
p,2 s,2
y(m)
f = 156.25kHz
o
f
f
p,3 s,3
'p+l|8 9 +t| ;:<0R

x|x
:
*=?> A@ -B
"C> ,@ #8B
"CEDF@ -B
G!

J J

K H
JJJ J
J
!
J I
J K H
J H
J J

H I

H I

H I

"LJ
+Vl+-! 9M |

||C|l8+l|
*;:K<'p++|N3tcCOD8P
/
|lE+l++DDl/+l+x
;|T "7S?TVUXWYZ+|4[
|xl/
+|Tx
l
l
QR

3E
|+
Dl\
l BEll/|lR*/-l~jDltxl &Kl
l
" t|tO +
KB+l3Tl
||ll
t|]
&Kl
l
<+l
|lc+x.C+lR'^`_a/~+E"t|R|l+m+m+
Dc/C
!t|x1+ll+x
+1|lE+x.C+l
+
ll c
||K|x5b+ll|l
ll|l
d4efhg(i^jkmlnpoqjArs*tvu
sù twfyxpz^{1i|s;r}i~f-tvjs`ks`{}i^jk
c
77;
p^
?q<4
<
1`}~;,Ah6c`#w7~A
!I;F)I&&^&I?VX&|?*A!"&qh~
~I<~&"~I&v."~I~a`"!"6
F~I I!"&)&I&"~<&;q"!&&~)&h"A~
!~&?~!I&7~F!&F"R~)!I;R&<~I&v~
;"~*
Ì&,~
;&*h"5~I~!&
~!&
Ib&"~&~,~&)bI&"I~7~II
~v&I&<A~-F#~I~&~~v~&~I~8~v~&~*
&~(~*I~II!?#~(~&"c"I }~(7;(~!
8~v&b~8%&1~&I"I"~
!!#&&F(!&I~I~~&"&A?~bcZ~*&

)~;&I&
II~~7~""~~

"#~"5v7~I(~I5;~~~"Iy" I
!&~~5
F~&8~& "~I7a~!#" F~! "&%$ "~!'&\)(&!~"
~ ~&4"~ )b4!~I7"&4&!~ ~&~#~~"4~I~
7~h&~I~&&'#")F#~~",A~
~ !&`+*|F~! " "~~*
I~ -,
|&&<~I&<b&~I"~*&I& q;;&*I"<c!&&I"I
First decimation
Filter
x(n)
@ 5MHz
comb
Filter
Second decimation
Filter
w1
FIR Filter
~/.! 0 I21h
y(m)
@ 156.25kHz
@ 625kHz
8:1
w2
4:1
~3$),`4$ "?"~
"IF .~F~#!&~*"5, I67981h~qF~I~&""!
:<;>=?A@CB5DFEGIHJBLK9MNPO!MQORNS=UTIVCWX@YMZK[@\=]NPB_^+MQD^+MQW[@CB5D
`ba
ced\fJgheiZc!jkbcmlnd'obp\pqfrobhsi>otc!ouhsf)vwotcmxzyf{v}|~v}khef{\f)j\l|Pd\x}lndobbf{i>ced\x}iPg\v}cef)h>khe\f{h
j\f{l)f{ieimoths|d\fx}jcmf{hsytobv}vJf)\f{i~kbhced\fhef{%f)j\l{xwf{iPd\x}lndPx}vwv/qfkbvwSoblnobhsf

5Pdf)hefced\f2gheiZcuvwkbf Rt xwiRced\fukiscul{hexzcmx}lrobvkjfbjkbhe\f{hRcmk
\f)l{xwotcexwkj_heotcmx}kkt `
hsf)\\l{fcmdfdobhsobhefhsf)\x}hef{f{jcmi)Aoo9x}\
dobif{f)j
lnd\kbief)j~khPobv}vkv}vwkPx}j\obp\p\hskoblnd\f{i)
d\fP\f{iex}j\f{l{kugvzcmf)hd\obi<cmk/oblndxwfyf>f)j\kdotvwxwobihefQZf)lcmx}kjuxwjcmdfPobvwxwobisf)obj\\i{
oy%x}j\/opobisieotj\hef)\f{j\l{|Rkb >S ` > bced\fkheiZc5lrobisfPobvwxwobisxwj\Px}v}vk%l)l)hef
otc
r
t
Cob\v}fPvwx}iscei5ced\fuxwjxw3\obv}xotihefZZf{l{cexwkjkh<ced\fiepqf)l{x}g\f)pobieisobj\uhef{\f)j\l|j
ced\fAiZcmhmotxwdcskhsobhel{k2g\v}cef)h#iZcmhel{cmhefb9cmd\fv}f{cvwkbf!kb[cmd\f>gheiZcj\kbcelnd\f{cef)hsx}j\f
ced\f5ox}
otlnd\xwfytob\v}fobv}xwobiXhefZZf{l{cexwkj+d\fLhef{ie\vzcmiYvwx}iscef)3xwj]+ot\vwfPobhef5kcmobx}j\f)
l)k3'l)obiel)ob\f
|obpp\v}|%x}j\ced\f/f)otcexwkbj~kh#ced\f/vwf{j\bced9

Pd\f{hef3
x}icmd\f/j\qf)h>kbCl)k3'gvzcmf{hei{
j\kbcmdf)h>kpcmx}kj~xwi>cmk\ief3j\kj9
v}f)jbcmdl{k~gvzcmf)h>x}j'cmdf3iZcnobf{i!kt<cmd\f]l)kb'g\v}cef)h
l)obiel)ob\fbJfk9cnobx}job\\xzcmx}kjotv f{hekiAfcf{f)jI bC|hsf)p\vwobl)x}j\kjfRvwf{j\bced9

l{kPx}cedkj\fJv}f)j\bced9 / l{kgvzcmf{h)d\fJ\j\\obuf)jcnobv}i!obhefisd\kPjx}jlndobpcef)h
d\fl{kjyf{jcexwkbjobvl)kbgvzcmf)hx}iRl{kj\iscehmobiZcmf{cekcmd\f2v}f)jbcmd9 / t obj\vwf{j\bced9
/ f{vwk/Ld\fJcmheobj\isf{h\j\l{cexwkbj~kh#ced\f/vwf{j\bced9 / l)kbgv}cef)hPx}i
<
ot
Pd\f{hef3ox}icmd\f/iel)obv}xwj\uoblcmkh{
m
c\f{pf{j\\ip\hsf)\kux}jotcev}|4kbjcmd\f\f{iex}jiepqf)l)xzgl)otcmx}kj\icmkgjkbcPd\x}lnd
l{k
l)obiel)ob\f]xwiPukisc>is\x}cmob\v}fb
<>AC5FIJL9P!QRSUICXYZ[\]P_+Q+Q[C5

! "#

%$ &')( $ *#$
+
$ &',(.-/%012
34#564#$7(8
%$ *9
%%:(
0;+$<>=?5@ <ACB +&#D9
6E9FHGJILK
9
/M
N"#
$O
%$9&')(PQE2$9R#$
1
%$9&')(.S#ST#01U
4VT4#$7(W
$
9
%%0;#$<X=?@YPQE ACB &#D
E)F+PZS7ILF
[
UE9F]\O+T'9
U^T
`_`
%N#$bac
U
d +
<e
L'ba''
d0f,
%g#01
%%
FM[5'
6
D h
i
N
5' $*' #
6L'9+
N"#
%dJjk'
l%$J"
%$7#$ m`D D
A %#$ +9
%n[X +
OE9Fpoq+$r%$J`*s[
eE)Fp\)IF
tW$u'
R4#+Qa+$9&
%+$ %K'
v
P
S
o
E
PQ
wxzy{| }c~
=@\
So
\7E
E
-9P
7
PQo7G
PP S
S
S#S
9F]\7E G
wVxLy{| }c~
=@
PQG
o\
P
E

PPQPo#E
Po
PQG
9FS,P G
wVxLy{ }~
=@PQE
PQ
S)P
o9P
\JS
S
E#o
Go
o
-\

9Fp#-#o7G Z
wz/{ }~
=@\
)FH
)F+PQ
)F+PQE
)FS)P
!+
)FHo9P
)FHo7G
)Fp\JS
)Fp\JG
)F S
9Fp#o9PZS
wcN1{| }c~
=@
9FHS#S
9F]\#\
9FpE#E
9F
P#FPQ
+
P#F
P#FHG#G
P#Fp-#S)FHS)P
9Fp#o9PQS
wz/{| }c~
=@PQE
9Fp-9P
P#F S
S)FHGo
o9FpE#o
\ F \
F]\
E9Fpo#E
G)FHS#G
FP
!
9FHo9PZS
[
E9Fpo9d)01D 0 ^
%$JD +#$$ X $ O=V,#d'
/#$7"#
$J+$
#0 B +
AC 1@G FZP S ) K C @ I

%D92V'
d+0D ^#$ *
"
%
%TD ND
%*
d
%
%$7
a'b
%i

s'

% %#$ <4#2'9+<
%+&$F}j#K'
O4
%JD
$ j
%#$
%'
#$7"#
%$7+#$ h#01
% KE K5G $ #9
%;
n
%F B D `'
0f#
K
N"#
%`jU#$7"#
%$7+#$ >%01U
V+%#0f
%UkV0f,
%RD ND
%# +$9&2
A E9FHoJILF
>VMY#b)Nh./rbm`! 6uX.X.!M
LV| c
% )8JZ.
#9
9H
#)p
H
,!
79H
# ]
VL c
+ ) Q.

#9H
#)
)#
#9p
,!
Q9H
% ]
VL c
+ ,L Q`#

)#H
+
p
9H
#H
#)
,
cz| c
%)8JZW
9p7
9Q#
9
9H7
!+
9p#
9p
z/| c
%, ZW

9]7#
9H7
9p7)
#Q7
+
#H #
#H
cz/| c
%) Z.#
Y
)
9]7
p7
)H

)p#
+
p dZ919h++X3, # / V)#6 ; #1

X% Z#
#

!#"%$&(')+*-,).,/*021%3456)7'89*-;:<).=:<).48
>@?
ACB DFE;GIHJLKNMPORQTSVUWBXOZY5MPO
<[ \^]#_9`VabTcedgf9aih9\^jikml
kmn9aojip#q@r#asq@kt\up#q9vwjip#xzy|{}w~kmasÌ-\~kmn9p_TkvZqP\uq@kmai`txgasfT\vZktazq9pZkmjn9ailsc
In9aCjsp#xCyjsvltjsvf9az\^q[\u]#_T`taCbTcgjsp#qTlt\^lVkmlp<p_9`wâsqT]kmn > vZq9fp#qTaCwâsq9]ZkmnmNRjip#xzy
{}w~kmai`tlicIn9aIlt\^q9]#wâIp#`Vf9asìas`tp&\^lltnT\^Lktasfgy@zkpoktpw^pas``VasP_9asqTjs\âslscIn9aIqTp#`txvw^\uiasf
`VasP_9asqTjiRo<`ta+as`Vlkmp cy@r\^p#_9lVw^#kmn9alth asji\^{}jsvZkm\^p#q9lv`taq9pkxa+ky@kmn9\^l<jip#xzy
{}w~kmai`scIn9a&km`tvq9l7asÌ_9q9j+km\^p#q|p`kmn9aojspqPrasq@km\^p#q}vZwjip#xzy{}w~kmas`-\^l

z >
bTcd

}s
-n9\^wâC[\u]#_T`tabTc\^l-p#yTkmv\uqTasf|yP|vZh9h9w~\^q9]
zvZ .
7- }7- }
-n9ai`taCv#\^lIkmn9aoltjsvw^\uq9]gvj+kmp#ìc

Merged comb 5 Filter
comb 5 Filter, length8, F s = 5MHz
20
40
Attenuation (dB)
40
Attenuation (dB)
aliased band
aliased band
20
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
(1 z 08 )4 (1 z 10 )
20
20
bTcP
140
0
0.5
Frequency (MHz)
1.5
2.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
[<\^]#_9`VabTcd9 SVU #p `tf9ai`p#xzy[<\^w^ktas`/-\~kmn <[ \^]#_9`VazbTcvltjsvf9aCp<p#_T`

wâsqT]kmn > vZq9f
p#9q aowâsq9]ZkmnmNjsp#xCy[<\^w^ktas`
aijs\^xRvkm\^p#q >

!#%&(+-./02%56789-;<.=<.8
C F;ILNPRTVWXZ5P
< ^#9VTV9N-mTi#@#iPtu} V #V9s
s#C|9^ts--^t9#T@^PtsVi9uZm
9Zm9isITCi#zV9Cu<^#9VCs#Tt^Vm
9#ui9t 9|#9ui9t
szW9^tstigI9RVuT#ug#V9soist|^V9~Lms @ #9m^NiV 9sTs^ssRI9
9tûist Ts9+
t+stt

<I9tm97s<T9itu##6m9Ii#@#iPtu}
i#z}~ms-^

Te
"!#
-9^^Cu#TtT^-#TmuTs|P|%$&$9~^9
,+ -. /
'%( )* )*

#
-9itC2 1Îm9otsû9g+m#i
Merged comb
comb 6 Filter, length8, F s = 5MHz
08 5
) (1 z
09
20
40
Attenuation (dB)
40
Attenuation (dB)
(1 z
aliased band
aliased band
20
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
Filter
20
20
T0
140
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
<^#9VTe43 V # t9i65#z<^^ts/-~m < ^#9VgT3:5ts99#^s9t Z9

#9 o^s9Zm i#z<^^ts
7is^Rm^#8
79
Frequency (MHz)
;<=?>A@CBEDGF2HJIKBMLONQP*RSN-R'PT=VUJWCXY@ZN)L[@&=P*B]\ N-D^\ N-X[@CBED
_2`
a bdc2e&fhg:i4j _lk fmg"nhg"oqprnprs&g:tdg"o&c%prsOu _wv o4xytdg"o4czprsOur{}|~"28~ v nm~ v x&gzjM.s&gKprf v o&n)g"f
e&o4~prbd2oybn

{ " {* "
i4j _
v%[
{*
s&gfmg v2 bdn.prs&g:nm~ v tdbo&cl v ~Qpr2fj
Merged comb
Filter
(1 z
08 5
) (1 z 10 )
20
aliased band
20
Attenuation (dB)
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
a bcze&fmgi4j _4Mv nh~ v x&gzZ&2gtdg"o&czpmsOu _lv o4x2o4gtdg"o4czprsOur{}|~"28aCbtprgf
?ACEG2JKMOQ*S-'TVJCYZ)[&*] -^ -[CE
].}0h%Y0
?&mm&*m460%hr"0 rd26zEm&"h. dm"h"O:4""d6%rd2wr%m% }KdE&2m
d2&h64 h&}*r4w2q2"qm2&z2 r"K*r&z4'%0qrml"4%m&%r&"
.&A"2zhz&Kd d2&hK4d d')rm4r4m?2&mdhm46%Ymd"&%rOr}'z&2&
d"&%rO-28"2 dm"h".&md&2d2m&'"mdm&rqmrd}'m"0&O
".4642m6zd"m0&"&Qy .mm?m .&rmz&)"A&4rd22Am&
2q2"qm2&zY"2 rd
4
' }

*&ddC24m4d *24rzd&"yqy &&

-
' ) )

*&m d.r&:m"zd&lzQr2

Merged comb
Filter
(1 z
16 6
) (1 z 16 )
Filter
(1 z
16 6
) (1 z 22 )
aliased band
20
20
40
Attenuation (dB)
40
Attenuation (dB)
Merged comb
20
aliased band
60
80
60
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160

20

160
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
d2&h4 h 2 m& 2 ddm"'*r d2&h.4d zm"z&.zh'&zr}?%&

2& :d"&%rO-2'"2 ddm"
?"dwrd28
"!
%
$#
&')(+*-,/.10324657.98:<;=>:?=@;A(CB6D/E,F:G8H,(I;.KJL:?0MJL:?EH,/.10
N O
PRQTSVUKWXZY\[^]`_ba cedfQg_h]`_
iLjlkmneo$p q OO$r otsjluwvyxIvyzo{ut|}~ow}vjl|}9ut|Rfvownz~jl}k}|jl}vowny{o r jvyob}|vuzowxtq

zo1uw|uxyu r o1j}RiLjlkmnyop q O^
uw|}xejxGvx|xyow~ot}Row}kvz O p} r
vownyxwqzo-xej}ko>|n r ownwotne|@jxxyzj\vo r
neot`mot} uw
ORL
|}oow}kvyz
uw|
$xyjbvy|l|ôwnnyow`mot}uwjowxtq9zo-} |ny$ljwo r
neowownyxv| qLzovyn}xGotnm}u<vjl|}{|nLvz o)uw|}~ow}`vyj|}gut|R$lvyotn
jlx

zjlloRi/jkm nyoIp q O
jx| vjl}o r
O p

p q OO

ssj}k
GO
t
GO
Merged comb
Filter
(1 z
16 7
) (1 z 16 )
Filter
(1 z
16 7
) (1 z 22 )
20
40
40
60
Attenuation (dB)
Attenuation (dB)
aliased band
20
80
100
60
80
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
Merged comb
20
aliased band
p q O^`
zownyoRjlxvzoxyutlj}k{u<v|nwq
20
?O
180
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
iLjlkmneo@p q OOced

+owutjlbvjl|}
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
|n r own7|RiLjvown>jvz
O p
0.5
0.05
0.1
iLjlkmneop q O
} r
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
xyu r o|xyow~ot}lot}kvyz O p
|}olot}kvz
ut|RiLjllvyotn
)+-/13679<>?@AC6/FGHIKL?ML?H/1
"G
>G
7wb
6/

"G Kf
Vt
wL7R>R
?

!"# $"%!&'#(*)+, "$'$ .-0/1#",23)+,"4$5-76
$89: ;<1 1"=>#!?!@ A 1!&B CDFE
1* "G H1*!&IH1* !G*C A $J !&K, &
F J#$J# A;1"G:1L8,MK5!&N1HK1*O ;<$=OA$ 1'P$ !$Q1* >"$ !"
!&RS1#$T=1*CD$UCDJ#$ !VCD
!UXW1*8,#?!
YOZDI3['\^] T TàIcb5d
] T TUìI3bhj
Zl(#=THm5[
/L_ TàI b;eHfhg _ 6V_ TUìI b;eHfBk
n'K$oFS1p*CQ p7Eqr1p89sH1H1"G!&tCD&MEq$"uBo1a"$!&8%13$=wvxCy$
, Q1*z'1V"$!8,1* !{C/V!QP$CD8A"|zEU!&}1*Cy$? %$"iFS1*z~
!1'!&?"#cEU#18A&"h6=>4!&J%(.=TMmt!&&JF 1*$? >"$!8,1* !.$=A
S1x ;1#"u1*$5J1*!&1S!&$K$"uB !VF J#$J# G!L!&B<oMEL1o!
V8,5"!< ;"8A "FJ$ J *=7 $ !{1""!<!&;1*I$%!&B<!&H1%
F1"1* hJ;1* !r1AMEU!&r4!J $%(.=2.z(#=.z(#=/:1"r(#=&T =an4W#18A&ACD
>8A."!< ;$"GFJ$ J ,1> $ B "{!& c=Oq |z|#>8,5"!< ;":8A"1"
$BKB !11 S#!& $ J *z hJ!& > O1*8,>&#pV1*S!KVTM*";1* hJ;1* !|=
A8A5"!& "GJ$ J A"5# $"J,;1"#Eq1 A8,#XW#!<7=%q# hJ$B<z
$BKB !1'89p ;<!@S# $:CD !"# !&pXW1*8,#*=?#O!8AJ#> P
!&> $J !<K<rP$CD8A"r1"H1*rt$8AJ#$"!&a7EqG 1*!&$={v$"!&p
Z0T=m [Sz# !8AJ#Q ?CD
;1!U!<K$NB
ZlP['\sZD%`T3[aW|ZlP[`W|ZD%`/5[
Zl(#=T6.[
v#$EJ#J.A18A&V!>.S1!&"Ba1*""!&pL$K5!&JAJ# J#A1*8,#L

E!&J#, 18AR1"J# 1$ !#G V!#J#AK1*JL ;1*A5J# "/p18A&%1#=
7{mm*z1>8QJ& !FS1989H1H1"?!&xH1&!I$"EU!& R!8A!&1P$ !$=4!J ?(#=&TMm
1& Q KH1*$z#;13q# 0;1*q1E&|1x40o;1FqCx8Q} ;< Jt1*
'@.Ux0Os~F?U4040
&##xA&#%D $h$ D *PA #&yx $F$x4$ &xh&

Dx$N9U&#p O&y@ F$ $$ &t }9###
& ~~#?# $&%S*
&t#&H# BO t$APiDh#$a t t9i;<$O$
;;5,#* O& 4&'H&$A#7FS 40 ;<$4$B$h ;
Q& #&V*$9* Q#& 40 & 9#* Fyt# P$<;H3&x*

*,
A* ;4 A *
& &A* h;* ,&O#;>&BFH
B a c # <&;5$#,&B: ;** h;* |
&&H*x }, #<<$&R&R& $x*H#&,*$&R;R#
&
&@,B >* H.&%3&|#S&$N5}Q*&$# &# p&x }<
VA *,&h G7 0 ;& A $$ #P V L; F}FS&
r$AP$3::; ;*u.oU#&p: $#u:Q*$Na&cU
;<$U<Gt; M* <&:;Q&# BSp& $BG&: 9D&&cU&
X*,#*
&G#MaMU G& P :$ #R#GH GU# r
$D@3~H>MBx &>#&Mt #cU >A <>Dh#$p ,*
L# #AL$9r$AaLDh#$ $ * VA *&
;<$q &H&<|#@&FF% FD ,* #9D $5#p $ $#
& # R#*#&cG$AA$D$RDh#$ ;*< #&c
BM$&|D $5#RP# Q*.#~#?$B& ;& $
x(n)
f
sa
1 - z
-8 6
1 - z -1
(1/8)
D=8
w
1
5
1 - z -4
1 - z -1
f = 625kHz
1
(1/4)
D = 4 w2
FIR Filter
y(m)
Compensator
f = 156250Hz
2
& :#&M#q&.S@ ?qQ &<R

H#GD&&csB# 0
qA *
'@

s
U

Composite Frequency Response D

20
= 8, D 2 = 4, (length8/8) 6 (length4/4) 5 Comb Filter
!
Frequency Response of the FIR Compensator Filter vs desired Response, N
FIR
= 678
120
0
20
100
80
60
Attenuation (dB)
Attenuation (dB)
40
80
100
60
40
120
140
20
160
180
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
"#%$&('*),+.-%/ (02143!576839 #%:;)<"=';)?>@&()BA(CBDEF)HG " #%$&('*)g+.-%/h_ 0ji M()kP() 9 #l'*)?P"mE 4

1 3!576 )?AdG
9*6I3 A 9 )KJL: :;M() 3 &.: 6 &: 3!N :OM() 9 )BC 3 A(P 1435RQ 9 LJ : 3 'n"=';)?>@&()BA(CBDoE) 9;683 A 9 ) Np3 '<;: M()q:sr 3
"#%ST:O)?'U/V'*) N )B' 9 : 3WNYX*Z[!\^] / [ -`_badceLf
9 :O!J $) 1435VQt1 J 9 CuJ!P()
Frequency Response of the CombFIR Filter vs FIR Compensator, N
FIR
Overall Frequency Response of the CombFIR Filter Cascade, N
= 678
20
FIR
= 678
100
20
40
Attenuation (dB)
Attenuation (dB)
50
50
60
80
100
120
100
140
160
150
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
180
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
"#%$&('*)v+.-%/w+ 0 =" ';)B>@&()?A(C D<E) 9*6I3 A 9 ) 3!N :;M() " #%$&('*)|+.-%/h} 0~| )B'OJ!S%S8"'*)?>@&()BA(CBDE) 9;683 A 9 )
1435VQyx :zJ!$) 9 !J A(P 1435{6 )BA 9 Jb:;# 3 Ay"#%S%:;)?' A 3 ' 5 J!Sl#%e?)BPk: 3{NYX;Z![\] / [ -`_badce
FK| 2(
Y
=K,=F=4.
s;.?KOj?O%7bOWO.7B*%(!;.4!*!l V.B(*l(BV.;%B(t;({l{((%;7;H
*I.;(?*%!?{p;O({wdl.RuBO!!=%;?B(O;!(*pBp(( O%{!I;({w%(
uBO!!=TOBFp!;(%H(b7.llFjT (= <O4|.(%d%(;(V!;*({.O%(
!z=!O?^(;(O;!(*pBp((B;l!k?!k8K;T;;?g!
wL=
wLd
.l
n
< d
.lud
L < =
%(*.% l%%(*;Ob;?O(;?!%l?bO%{!8O({w%(Vu?;!=TOB!({O(*??.;;T
=TOB^*O*(B;(;b{(;u%(%B{(.zLO%.;%(j;({;B?(*;Tp!;%^dl.?
(4(?(%B;?{(%z(l!;!u!84%{(%?{?OB.;%((*?%*;?*?{!(=b;(OObB
(.%K!(y.VV(%;l.lH.B?;;%lBydv{O%{l(((T{bl.;lw7;(w|;(
*z(?7b;l7! O({;%(%{?V(%;?!(*?;BO?@y|=!{b!!(W=TOB%
*u!%lB?<(*l.!,
%O.l?!;vk;%{(%!(b*(.;O! ((Tu.lz<8?p;{
;(|(*B?*4(B;?%8?y.% zs((.
l p?v(!zWp; ;(|*?%*;?O(. ! ;(
s(..^ %;((.l%?!TOB;=b;l.%ggO.W!B;=!%((;%=!;({O%{?
(Bu!?y%((.;%=b
TOjO(%!;z(TOBB;(;b8;(VBO%;V(%;?FIBOb;?bO((%
%((. Ob7.l%(Rp*
@(?.B(B; p;b.! {?O%(B l7z=!O?Wp;Bl!(;^% @O
(Oud%(R%8w4B B(*({.O%v%4bz(l B q^(T ;(T 4*?%*;? l%?bOB8Bp*
? !.b;..O;!B(%dz8(l.;!O(|;(T ;B%*OBl.?;?!;B@7O.K@(R8?
!.;(.F(TOp ?*O!!
(^ ;jlB(!;g%(?*u!*?pBB*j;%(%^*O!@ 7(TOF%j;(=;?!;?!(R!(
t(TO7l O(j;B?. u!*u!.! ?(B!tO(B; O%u! ;nlB(!;n! w(T
d4!(
b7(TR lF.O!l.? (;
@(%;Bg%.Ok!;(^;%7.l
*?%*;?;!(;(v;.% R;?!lO?*%(?*u!*?{!B?*(l.%pVBB**zb!
!;O(b
;(l4*lB(!Ot%(!O(;;(R;?*%.O% TK%Ob;(?O(*?*lO%(B;?;{%(?
O(R.d=!{lRO!(!V!;(R{d((lbO! Vz8st%(*. O.RwBO!%
!#"%$'&)(+*"-,/.1023.4250687+9#:!.;,<!=>0"@?A.4$?A.4:<!#"%$
B)C
DFE)GIH@DJLKMDJLN=OQPRKSKUT=EWVXZY[\T=OQEL]^`_=]/^SVaE)bMN@cROX=de^`TfELgihLjkH=Pl^mPRKSN=]O^Èn^`T=OQcoJLbUd)O

Xp]=GqHrOFbIELg\DFE)GIHtsucR^MObUKYwv3KUPoX=dx^`T=Ozy4{|{}x~5GE/N=]cJe^ME)bVaOmE)H^`JLPoXkJwN//X=JLGPoD
bMJLX=d)OqELg B) Nu3VT=PRDTPRKOp]=PleJLcoOFX^^ÈQ }H=Pl^bMOFKME)cR]^`PRE)XZY3OXDOLr^`T=OqE)]^`_]ÊLg^MT=O
N=OFDPRGzJe^È)bPRK\^`bM]X=DJe^MONw^È C H=Pl^Y
[\T=OXp]=GIHOb5Eeg{u]=coc3N=N=OFbMKIbUOp]=PRbMOFNk^ÈxbMOJecoPROS^MT=OJLN=NeKU]=H^Mb`JLD1^5]=X=PlÎgELbqK;^JLd)O
PRKOp]uJec#^È^`T=O5EL]^`_=]/^V ELbMNcROX=dL^MTQV uELg^MT=O5_=bUOFPoEL]=KKU^`JLd)OLY[\TOKMPRO5ELg^MT=O
KUT=PRgÂbMOFd)PoK;^ÒFbMKPRKAN=O1^ÒFbMGPoXONHq^MT=O PRX=_=]/ÂVaE)bMN5cROXdL^`TI^MEjZV\ Y{APRd)]=bUO C YoWjKMT=EWVK
g]=b;^`T=OFbMGE)bUOL^`TuJ^gE)bOFLOb;KU^`JLd)O\MJ|Je^MDTzVPl^`TzJV ELbMNcoOFX=dL^MTELgV PRKbMOp]=PRbMOFNZY
[\T=OzbMOFp]=PobUOGOX^MKPoXncoELd)PoDzH=cRE/DpKIJLbMOKM]GzGzJLbUPoFONPRXt^MT=OcREWV OFbq_=JLbU^qELg[#JLH=cRO C Y}Y
EL^Òe=^`TuJe^XEzEWLObU=E VDFE)X=KUPoN=OFb`Je^MPoELX=KJebMOiGzJLN=OiPoX^MT=PoKO1JLG_=cROLY
win,i
8 Bit
1
"0"
"0"
SR
B
o
+/Timing
Unit
Register
1
MUX
x(n)
{APodL]=bMO C YRWj%OJLcRPRJe^MPoE)XwELg^`T=Oq E)GqH{#Pocl^ÒFb
3
w
o,i
y(m)
#%')+-/134568+#;<=>@A4A4<#%
D times
a)
1/D
z -1
x(n)
1
z -1
+
z -1
y
y(n)
lg(D)
z -1
b)
D-1
....
lg(D)
A R)=UR 3 R/Q L LL%` U MMl)S )q A l r3 R/Q L L

L` I R=z3)F LIA l
An
An-1
An-2
B2
A2
B1
A1
add/sub
FA
FA
FA
FA
FA
Register
clk_r
Sn
S n-1
S n-2
S1
S0
AR)=Mi/L % o ) LL` >3=) LF
#%')+-/134568;<=>A4A<#%
8x1Bit SR
2x1Bit MUX
3Bit Add/Sub
3Bit Latch
x(n)
1 - z -8
1 - z -1
8x3Bit SR
2x3Bit MUX
6Bit Add/Sub
6Bit Latch
3
1 - z -4
1 - z -1
1 - z -8
1 - z -1
20
8x6Bit SR
2x6Bit MUX
9Bit Add/Sub
9Bit Latch
6
1 - z -4
1 - z -1
1 - z -8
1 - z -1
22
1 - z -4
1 - z -1
1 - z -8
1 - z -1
24
12
1 - z -4
1 - z -1
1 - z -8
1 - z -1
26
15
1 - z -4
1 - z -1
1 - z -8
1 - z -1
18
28

!
"$#&%%('*)$+"),,.-&/()$0213-
4256 %7)$8"9;:<8+"=4>#?),=-&@ABC@-&)DB,0-FEC@
13-&4G5A =%7)$"
'*)$#&
Y

_
c
f

h

Fi

j-?)k#&%
:m %nA%=-
nB
]!o!:
XU
VWXU
EIHKJML H
Z[5)\

_

d
f

&i

c
&
l
l
l
l
l
ECNPORQSL H
Z[57),\
_

d
f

&i

c
&

l
l
l
l
l
; %%
]W^^"
_

d
f

&i

c
&

_
l
_

f
l
' 0/T)
UD"
B)$"
a` 5)
a` _b5)
a` b5)
a` 5)
g` de57)
g` f 57)
g` 57)
g` &ib57)
g`
e57)
g` c 57)
g` &b57)
g` f b57)
F c
l
l
l
UC8
B),8 WV XU
_b57)
_
b57)

57)

de57) F
f 57) f
57)
&ib57) ?i

e57) &
c 57) c
&b57) ?
57)
l
_
_
l
l
l
l
l
l
_
j#&5%p f (q!#?,Ê3#&,pUD"r*=84s8@t)$Bu/v-&(),03%8@?)$0w 9

%8@&),0w c B)$#&@^;#&^s13-
425s =%7)$"
xGyzX9;xX{|z f
}u~D<!
X|CWe(.C
I WP C ;3;<3mat (X

Iv*s.dFdv*
$8=
|&s&.>*7;88&G,8$",,gC="
,",8&
","=8=
FPsW.8&=g$s"*
.|&s&,sF
8,&88>?$
aC=
e8v&,s8$G,X$&
"8.!t&,G;&u ;7$8!8
s8,?$",
;?,,&,*
&,8At$8&G;,88
,.
e,dCC$.=*k=&
,&
7
!="&$*b&&<8&, "
G,8I8v&,$X88>?$
tC=<,
88&A"
t
",=&;&="&,b"
G;7$8I8v
,sp,X,"?=>8"=>?,=&t
IX,$&v8Iv|$
&,X38
2Ak&&8C=
"!#

$ F"
C",2&%3I$,8&=s&|$
"
',",",=s,X&&?$&
"I&=,?,?&tk?
8I&$ps;8?$
"
s;&,"$G,
"*
&( ?,=
2=($
t?*?$=,8|$
W8
s,,v )8"2,8 &,"8
*-,/.01,32 e;4 v8=& ,# 5 4 p3&CC,7,$"3WW=$" A$.W8 II
+
=2 M$
g,87$<v
D$X|&ss&,G,FCg "=F.
e?"=|$<,Gv,R
)""g8,
MX$s
,&$>8"
"
Gg;7$"."v&,b"8M$
sI
83&$<"
s "$M$
;,8II",8>"t$&d8;?,,&,&
,&,;& ,*
=
,K7 6FC2$>v )8",8 &,&3, "
e
8,?$&C7$
89 8;:<=>?" 6 I<,G=?,=
p,F$?p2,=
t3"*=?$
8&
,<;&,;?v )"",?*
tC"88
X&e,FCD&t?= ,<v,? )8|
8,
b&$G8
2ak&&8&6,s 8
s8,?$
;7$8!
,>&( 88g8=?$7
,A @CBDE5F d*G 6? &g ;&&

,K&A,",",b$F&8$?=3v )"" 8
,&
,>*7;88&GA,8C&&&
I|&s,FC$;?D&88=&=sF
8s", 8& &k=|
8I,",7$
A,2F&8$?=v,? )*8|A8F*
! & H$7T$.$&," ;?,3&,2,? )*=8s8t$
Ck6?,X"88$&$>=s8s8tD$C,,|$&
IKJLNMPORQSUT&V-WEQYX[ZD\];Z]^\_La`-bRcdO3ZXO/Le\QgfhZSifhZcORQS

First decimation
Filter
x(n)
Comb
Filter 1
@ 5MHz
jlk&k
Second decimation
Filter
Comb
Filter 2
8:1
Compensator
4:1
@ 625kHz
y(m)
FIR Filter
@ 156.25kHz
@ 156.25kHz
mhn(o&p/qsrtFuwv&v[xy9z({|~}ENn
o&q7{7FrK9{
s7o&rY9{&^7s|#7Frnmh9{&>r?/
{&q
Merged Comb Filter D 1 = 8 (1 z 08 )5 (1 z 09 )
20
passband droop
aliased band
0
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
100
80
120
140
140
160
160
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
= 8, D 2 = 4, (length8/9) 6 (length4/4) 5 Comb Filter
100
120
180
Attenuation (dB)
Attenuation (dB)
Composite Frequency Response D

20
0.7
0.8
0.9
180
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
hm n(o&p/qsrt[uGv7[x^mqr?pFr/|Drs>{7/rCe/r hm n(o&p/qsrtFuwv
/x_9{&{&nrmqsr"p/rF|?rD
{&p[/pF{
/r4qss9{&mhn(zrqF{&q7z {&/srN
YFr;{&p[/pF{7/rr|?{&/9{7
mh(n z(rq j qsr?rqs{+CE j vuG
}C
n(r?{4CEa&;
Frequency Response of the FIR Compensator Filter vs desired Response, N
FIR
= 645
Frequency Response of the CombFIR Filter vs FIR Compensator, N
120
100
100
50
80
Attenuation (dB)
Attenuation (dB)
140
60
FIR
= 645
50
40
100
20
150
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
mhn(o&p/qsr4tFuwv&[xmqr?"p/r/|Drs>{&Fr4{7/r hm n(o&p/qsrtFuwv7tFxmqr?pFr/|Dr{&/sr{7Fr
mh 9{7rF
{&q7rqsp//rsn$qsrmqr 9 {& ~7o7r
/ 9{&r/
n({& mhn(z
"p/r?/|?rs>{&Fr
?r q
KNPRU&-EY[D;^_a-Rd3/eghihR
Overall Frequency Response of the CombFIR Filter Cascade, N
20
FIR
lF
= 645
0
20
Attenuation (dB)
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
h(&/s[G&P&7(K?F/Ds>&F^7h/h$?E7s#7F&/(NhF7/(7
s_7"
/Cd/

77/?7//
~
$&7/&($/$DF7/($^$?/7
?& !(?#
"/7///?$7 7P&/(/7 $ & #?+7 7$s

% s(s 7
'
'3)+54
/
. -032
/
. -0
'
&('*)+,-
F 7 6
1. - 0 + !- 0
/. - 0 +
"/([/8
(&"/(?9
+
//(&73
/7/~+7#
9
?(h(&/Fw 6 : "/
(//(Ns&/sE/ % -s^F( ;
17/;( % "/?/(?= <
/? % &/?
77//(&

% /
~ % ($> (/?s?$D F/s/&(71/
~?
"/
/s/7(719/7~$Y$#C4
9A @B F&7(C -?s"/?/?7= "/;/(&/FPl&?7(
&s/E D
/(sYs?&&/F -#B F$/$ G/F7 /s/ H
-?/I "/$(//7$^F&/
% (/? Fe7(/7~7/ 7~/(?7/(&/?;
$$7K J?$7L "/e7Fs/F?(&

MEN1OQPSR:TLUWVAXZY[T>\]^/_(]K_`âOcbZd:efR
]g\hR*Oi^/TkjI]KUljI]KehR:TLU
monqp
rtsAuwvyx*z[{3uy|gv1}~sA?{38vz,u/C|
m1
[~Ea$:(K~t
E
m
1
B rtsBuwvx*z|yz,}~s
(tE$L
m/
m
/
m7
p$n
z },zB3vx*zsoAz,u Fvu B |grtz~urt }vFs rtsBuwvx*z[{38vz,u1} |y} B ziC|

pm
1E$ho[~
(
1tE$
m/
m
/
m/

m
/
pBp
x*z,uyz A F|vx*z|y} F * r }vsAu

*uz p$ |x*s |=vyx*z(Cs} B u E sA u * vx*F| **us }x Fvyx9vxz1|gvu*},vy*uyz
*uz~|z vz
x *
zrtsAuyz
*uyz pm z} B
|z~z?vx vvyx*z}~sA*Fz8vZ }~uz |z~|, x*CFz
vx*z| z *z,u;sBr}~sAk{3Fvyz~u| Q z Fv z z~ Z 8v B*
B FvyCs 3 B z~u uz z~}~z,|y| u
(1/8)
1 - z -8
x(n)
1 - z -1
1 - z -8
1 - z -1
D=8
+
z -8
(1/4)
5
1 - z -4
-1
1 - z
D=4
FIR Filter
y(m)
Compensator
uyz pBL Fs}Q B u rtsAuwvx*zs F{*z sA w |y} B z
s z
E1QS:LWAZ[>/(KàcZ:f
gh*i/kIKlIKh:L
(t
oA
(Q
Qf*f
*3B,*~a~Ak3y~*B;y~;*A,C,;~A*,~C#$ CB;y
g~FAaB*
3$yy*B*yA A*~HACB CBCC3$*Fy~~*3~1

*BB"y~ oA #a$,3FA%C*iBCBy,3B L:9BF&B'i,837$FA*
!
By*,=3By ~~,A H3y~+tA=i*,FHFAyF-,'F>y.Fy, /:,tA0F
()*
1 f

;*,F9$FA
1
A*~[3B,*~
1 )*
y*;:/<y**y97$yB=46!*
879
46!
B*
879
~A
*y~3B2y? y~B 3,~ 546!*
A *?y,~A*> *3BC*C@?BADCE3$F C
B F /*,**~%C*Gt.*~&H*AHF?H
C I J>FK
JL
M
o F
NPO
BSF*T3U*AHF"H
A
F

A
CV3$FK
W
W
J
M
R7
C 1
R7 ( F
C 1
R7fF
3$X L
3 XY
C 1
*;A,BF-yB*t,[E**&CB%F!B~H
A\$CV3]F^K
:B*F
1 1
O_
`W
aW
Mdc
3]X L
3 XYb
72O6_
N
W
W
3$X L
3 XYbe
Fy`y* ~ygFB$(h
g~FA6 y*By ~*,~B *y~Q$y0F
aj,
*By3B*it.*~&H
HB*9tAysC:B*F
B*
F*,<:;,A3B<*9y,*Dys*By
7!f?kAa3lCnmo$F@ qpr
= ~B~y3u*H*,Fy~
$CA,q:9yHBFF~S3,(F~ 1*y~*2F:B*F
B$ 3$FBC
1
Ey,BFy3Br~
87!fF
$ CB h
g,&FA
1 ( Ft:
BBF*,"H
C` *,~~BCHiy*xy3 y*;yHBFF~
vwD
A*~BFy?C~B*u?C,y CF~AyF 37$FA {z1~| y*By ~*,

~*y,S A*,/~A*F}rdH!
7B
3,h*&*y
~`2g+!GraD|th-u66-+
20
2K
3H(z)
2H(z)
3K
, K = 4, D = 8
aliased band
20
;
3H(z)
2K
2H(z) 3K , K = 6, D = 16
aliased band
0
20
20
40
Attenuation (dB)
Attenuation (dB)
40
60
80
100
80
100
120
120
140
140
160
60
160
0.1
0.2
0.3
6!8
k
0.9
6 &
180
0.05
6!
2@g
!
0.1
0.15
0.2
r&
D
!kR
r
"r
k>V
"kR

!'
2@G
0.8
0.25
&
r
g@2
0.7
rd0
0.4
0.5
0.6
D
!! !
"!
"!

] r
kV

|k
r
!
8 !"
!
!r8
r
"
V
! 8
!
8 ""
8"
"
!
8 !
"
$
lls$r '
!'s &gD
8 ]
! $
$
8
! r
!$
!]
g !=P2r!B2S&
!kaVTsa
`2g+!GraD|th-u66-+
;"

"!$#&%' ((*)+,.-/
0 1

)+ %%3245/267070 8 !%09
: ;
& =<6 "!>-@?BADCE?B% F<G7IHKJML5%ONQP
RTS.U V 1 )W T!$#&%'(X U N1&!&; $Y[Z U -]8 ^ N N&_
\
Ra`bUc 1 )B?BADCd#&%'Fe U N c 1 4I!&; $Y U -] c N0_
\
: ;
& =<6 "!>-@?BADCE?B% F<G7
RTS.U 7^1 f)W "!#% (X U g 1&!&= $Y Z U - ]ih j&_
\
Ra`bU N;1 )B?BADCd#&%'Fe U Nj ^1 4I!&; $Y U -] c &_
\
kMl(man8oWprqts uwvpyxz|{}FzD}*{~mwWoz.xom{pBzDqEBzDoWprq
>
t
>"r
7BwW
a
B M T
f/G.
I
~"
>./&@"&D
/G $50a&0 T& GG >GT+ Q./ 0

7$ Q ,& T$&', >; (|5yf
"&'8.b *,5&FB*0 8B
8;bI + y600yfa 0@+ a.G
~ [8[;
(& a.O *,b; $I+ Q/ I[ Q
y| | rfF .b ("G .+ (I0* 0
Q>aar .+ 5 I0 0=$ 5 &0(
BD&' ff, 5 &. &$0 ,&[ br(a&0f *
0 && 5 5O| | &[O&0
5= $>&&06=,&
&
7 rf&'@ & Mb&'r , ; Q@6 I |r

& Q & O"55 T& F&07 * 0.b "'
Q/6>.b Tf*&&B&& 3
3(& Q + ,
fI ; QO T + fQ5
0& ( ".aT =|ffF.b &[ $|

'&70 yB.7,80 ,&0 F
87Q7rf
57085| W&G0 ,5 Qa+ G &&&'8=7I

6 rf = /(O &=0;0 $ 7 &>

WfBB@+ ,O yb5@+ "&b*[ W 0

B Q* QF + , $ . , 0

O&' 5.$ .(/6 $BD&'F3
[.(
[=/
[

!#"%$'&)(+*-,$/.0214350631798-:%;<"=0>.?"@A14$CBD06&EBD06;?"%$'&
FHGJI
KML@NAOQPSRTNVUXWYZUXN[@NVWX\^]+_`NV[ba@WX\^_@]dc-e@f?gJe=hjikKML@NmlnN2ol\^N_JRTWnZprq5sutvwyx4YzUuNlVn+{}|@aRTNV[
~ \SRTLRuL@NDYzUuWYZ_@[ lkP^NP^P^YZ_N2lLQYz_@]+N}YZP]+n+UX\RuL@{Run\^NP^[ YW>RTn+|`QYZ_@[bpUuNa@NV_@l2
YzRm i'D\]+a@UuN#ì+WXL@n ~ WRTL@N#pUXNVa@N_@lUuNVWX|nZ_@WuNnZp=q sutvwxi'q ssyvwyx\^Wk[@NVWX\^]+_`NV[a@Wu\_@]
Y}kL@NJWXL@N ~ \_@[@n ~ i/D\^]Za@UuNìZ}WuL`n ~ WMRuL@NpUuNVa@N_@lUXNVWX|n+_`WuNnZp%q5ssyvwyxi/D\]+a@UXN

ìJ[`NV|@\lRuW4RuL@Nln+{}|n+WX\RuNV[dpUuNa@NV_@l2dUuNWu|n+_@WXNYyRkRTL`Nn+a`RT|à`RMnZp<RTL`NWuNlVn+_@[W>RYZ]+Nzi
NlYZ_WuNNRuLQYzR Wuaol\^N_JRYzRXRTN_a@YzRT\n+_\^W YZlL@\NZNV[\_RTL@NUTYz_@]+N FV i
KML@NO@_QYZPO@PRuNVU4q vwyx/\Wa@WXaQYZPP[@NV_@nzRTNV[YZWRTL@Nln+{}|N_@WTYzRu\^nZ_O@PRuNVUVirKML`N|@UuNlVNV[`\^_@]
WXLQYZUu|NV_`NV[lVn+{OQPSRTNVUklYZa@WXNVW4Ym|@YZWuWXQYZ_@[d[@UXnnZ|\^_RuL@NQYz_@[nZp<\_JRTNVUXNVW>R4nZp G iZ F [Q5i
KML@N}%6OQPSRTNU{ma@W>RN[`NVWu\]+_@N[bRTndlVnZ{|NV_`WTYzRuN}pnZU5RTL`\^WPn+WuW\_YzRXRTNV_aQYyRT\n+_iD\^]y
a@UXNì I [`NV|@\lRuW#RTL@N|QYZWXWuQYZ_`[ [Ùunn+|ZNVUuWXa@WRTL`N[@NVWX\ÛXNV[pUXNVa@NV_`lUXNVWX|n+_`WuNnZpRuL@N
ln+{}|N_@WTYzRu\^nZ_OQPSRTNUVia@NRTnbRTL`NYzRuRuNV_aQYzRu\^n+_nZp5 G [@\^_RTL`N|ÙuN\n+a@W}WXRTYZ]+Nz'RuL@N
WX|NlV\SOQlYzRu\^nZ_@Wpn+U#RTL`NRTL@\Uu[bW>RYZ]+N}YzUuNUXNVP^YyNV[RTn G [@EWXRTnZ|@QYZ_@[ YzRXRTN_a@YzRT\n+_iAKML@N
vwyx YzUuN}MX G iYZ_`[y G i+ikn+{}|NV_@WuYzRT\_@]dpn+U#RuL@N
|QYzWuWu@YZ_@[[@Uunn+|dYzW ~ NP^PYZWMYZlL`\^N2\_@]}Wuaol\^N_JR5W>RTn+|`QYZ_@[YzRXRTNV_aQYyRT\n+_ ~ nZa@P^[dPNYz[RTn
pUXNVa@NV_`lb@UXNYZ|n+\_RuWpn+Uq
Y}L@\]+LO@PRuNVU n+Uu[@NUVika@lLbYOQPSRTNU ~ n+a@P[YzP^WXnNZNVU>WXNV_@WX\Ru\ZNmRTn}lnN2ol\^N_JRaQYZ_JRT\

wVYzRT\n+_i%KML@NVUXNpn+UXNZJRTL@NO@_QYZP@ln+{}|N_@WTYzRu\^nZ_}O@PRuNVUrlVnZ_@Wu\WXRuW/nzpR ~ nWu|NVl\YZPQ|à@Uu|n+WuN4%6
OQPSRTNUuWi KML`Nm|@a@UX|nZWuNmnzpRTL@NOQUXWXR#O@PRuNVU \^W RTnln+{}|N_@WTYyRTNRuL@Nm|@YZWuWXQYZ_@[[Ùunn+| ~ L@\^PN
RuL@NWXNVln+_@[nZ_@N]ZaQYZUTYz_RuNVNWRTL`NnH+NUTYZPP'|QYZWXWuQYZ_`[YzRuRuNV_aQYzRu\^nZ_nZp FHG+G [Q5i?KML@NO@PRuNVU
n+UX[@NVU%pn+U%RuL@NlVnZ{|NV_`WTYzRu\^n+_OQPSRTNU\Wr
tuJì=_n+UX[@NVUDRunn+`RTYZ\^_YWu{YZPPOQPSRTNUP^N_@]ZRuL
t
UuYZ\^WX\^_`]RTL@N{YZ]+_`\Rua@[@N\_RuL@NUTYz_@]+N s GÌy \Wa@_QYZn+\^[@YZ@PNZi%\^]+aÙuN}ì+WXL@n ~ WRuL@N
nH+NUTYZPP?pUuNa`NV_@l2UXNVWX|n+_`WuNmnzprq tVvwyxT ~ L@\^PN%\^]+aÙuNAì+[`\^WX|@PYW5RuL@NA|QYZWuWXQYZ_@[WuNl2
Ru\^n+_i%_|QYZUXR>OQPSRTNU=q svwyxZY |@YZWuWXQYZ_@[mYzRuRuNV_aQYzRu\^n+_nZp` G [QLQYZW<RTn N/YZlL`\^N2+NV[ ~ L@\^PN
YWX{YzP^P`RuUTYZ_`Wu\SRT\n+_QYZ_@[}{a@WXR'N4YZWuWXa@UuN[i'q syvwyx<\Wr[@NWu\]+_@NV[YZWrY F +RTYZ|D6OQPSRTNVUi
KML@Nc-e`f?gJe%h{O@P^N ~ L@\lL\Wa@WuN[RTn[@NWu\]+_RTL@NOQPSRTNUv[@NVWX\^]Z_ Wu\_@lHzWXL@lVnZ{|i{x\W

P\^W>RTN[\_RuL@N#|@|NV_`[@\Si
nbpYZU}YzP^PM|@PnZRuWL@YHZNNNV_-ln+{}|@a`RuNV[\^_QnJYzRu\^_`] |n+\_JRYzUu\SRTL@{}NRu\^lzi_N2+NVU>UuNYzP
OQPSRTNU\^{}|@PNV{}NV_JRTYzRT\n+_DYlnN2ol\^N_JRmRTUXa@_@lVYzRT\n+_ \^W_@NlVNVWXWTYZU>+ida`N}RunRuL@N}UuNPYzRu\ZNVPS
Pn ~
n+Uu[`NVUnZpRTL`Na@WXNV[-O@PRuNVUuW4YRuUua@_`lYzRu\^n+_RTn
F @\SRTW\WpNYzWu\@P^NziCKML@NN2NlRuWnZp
#%')+-/245679-%<=>?@A4CD6ED6?%'
H+
u@5XV@V`V@H+MZX#@+^+@Z/D+@X#`ùVXVJTu@5XV@@uVXZ@u
Z4QST}Xz+5yy+}TX@@VzT+T
@STVZuVT@zT`>T+`QZ
zXT@zT+>@Xu^Zu`VXVdD+@X`^@>TuzTV
VVJQzu^VzT+
Z Aù+/yyT 5 uV/@ZJTzu^+T A@ST
X}#V
ûMZX5@ZVX@
@}VZ@5uQz5T@um VVJT`Vb`Z#AXTZuZu@A@uV#Z@5X^+JTS
+`TZ^b@
@VXZXVV

!"#
QST+`V+2+XXTZ+dZ5 +
6 Z$ +&%
'
@)(+*
Z+Xy
QZ>ZDT@,`VVzT+
QSTzdXZ^@X^@+J+u^ZQZ-mù^@SZ.ZVm@^zuA`@uV
@@uV
^JTAZuXT
û@/ #@V.@10m `XT`V}+X2u@X34}T>bZ'T`V
/
ûz5@u
Tu`@V#u@5@uVk}@0Zk%^+ù5`Zmu`54T@@ZuXQZ
X^@`^Z=T@}@Tzu^ZQST5"rz@^2+@ZuXQZu@@zDVX uQZ
76
894STT`^4Xuu@2T@XZ
@VQSTV5^T@0@:`^2;=<+`V uQZX@bmQuV(u5TuZ@>V
@`T+^
y>@?A
DC
DC
FE3G
E IHKJ
L?A
"C
DC
FE3G
E .H
Z@A`NMX4zuVT@uu@ST"2@+u@^40@:`^z
OQP
OR
D^ST
V@Zu
Vy

S M
5
5#
6
6
+
Z
y
6
66
5 +
5
V
J

"
yy
6
66
6
" +&%
Z@A`NM3UWV4ZXZ=T`%^STX%ZT:2Tu4+T@"Y)0@:`^
`z
Z["\L]^`_badcegf@_WhIijDki+k,jl\nmgo`pq^rish-^\tjD_9u)i+avu)i+p-^`_ba
w&xy
FIR Filter
Front-End
Decimator
x(n)
Compensator
Stage
Sharp. Comb
Filter
@ 5MHz
H (z)
D
8:1
H(e
f = 312.5kHz
2
y(m)
D
2:1
@ 156.25kHz
2r 2~. Iz)+vz){ ~2 2
jW
FIR Filter using Remez Exchange Algorithm, N = 11
20
0 dB
20
30 dB
40
Magnitude (dB)
Magnitude Response
2:1
f = 625kHz
1
z){|}~=IS w2b3# {2|~2
H (z)
60
80
100
100 dB
120
1/4
1/2
Frequency
3/4
140
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
z {|}~=. z~K}

{~4z~=K}
D= )
z {|}~=.7 r
)
F ww

2r 3
z`{ 1
~ 2|
0.7
0.8
0.9
"
=
"L`bdg@WID+,lng`qrs-tD9)+v)+-`b
FIR Filter using Chebyshev Window, N = 136
20
Overall Frequency Response of H

20
&
(z)
N 1 = 11, N 2 = 136
20
20
40
Magnitude (dB)
Magnitude (dB)
40
60
60
80
100
80
120
100
120
140
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
)=.2
K
"FF
20
3H(z)
2K
2H(z)
3K
0.7
0.8
0.9
160
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
D=.2 )
=.7Il41=K.
D
="F5s@F#"F5
, K = 4, D = 8
Loss in Attenuation Sharpened Comb vs desired FIR Compensator
0.5
aliased band
20
0.5
Magnitude (dB)
Attenuation (dB)
40
60
80
100
1.5
120
2.5
140
160
3
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
=.7I4
3.D=2Q.
)=ISI=92==I2=
)
)WDt5DL: I :
)
=+,
:

!"$#% &'
()*
+,.- /- &*

FIR Compensation Filter, D
FIR Compensation Filter, D 2 = 2, N 31 = 46
000
= 2, N = 46
0.25
5
Magnitude (dB)
Magnitude (dB)
0.2
10
0.15
15
0.1
20
25
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
12435+687:9<;>=?<@ 1A6B7DCE5+7GF+HI
RSBTGUWVYX[ZA\SBTB] ^_9
0.7
0.9
0
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
J7GK8LNMF<KB7OMQP 12435+687`9;a=b@dcfe+7"ghQK8KBiAhQF<jkJ7G324MFlMQP
RSBTGUmVYX
Second FIR Filter H 32 (z) designed with Remez Exchange Algorithm , D
20
0.8
= 2, N 32 = 125
Composite Frequency Response at the output of H
(z)
0
0
20
20
40
Magnitude (dB)
Magnitude (dB)
40
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
60
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
140
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
12435+687n9;>^_o@f1A6B7GCE5+7DF+HDIpJ7GKBLqMF+K87!MQP1 r J
1 2435+687y9<;z^ 0 @"{|M}~LqMKB2ut[7y1A687GCE5+7GF<HDIJ7
124sut[7G6RSwvYUWVxX
KBqL MF+K87MPRSYUWVYX]RSBTSwvxUWVxX
!"$ '()*+,. / *
x
'<xm_<"__WNx
Overall Frequency Response of H
20
(z) with 12 Bit Quantizated Coefficients N
= 11, N = 136
Frequency Response of H
20
(z) with 12 Bit Quantizated Coefficients, N
31
= 46, N 32 = 125
20
20
Magnitude (dB)
40
60
80
100
60
80
100
120
120
140
160
40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
140
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Frequency
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
4+8n> ABD<G+GBq+8nQYWx
4+8!<z_ 8GE+D+DpDBq+8!QxWx
u[ x u AEBG[D|DDDEB
u [ ~ 4 AQ_BG[D|DG4G_[
Frequency Response of H
(z) with 12 Bit Quantizated Coefficients, N
31
= 46, N 32 = 125
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Frequency
0.5
0.55
Q+B,<z QB8AQ+p4++4QYWx u[ x u+Q_[4BGp|DD_[
!"$ '()*+,. / *

fw
A A.')A
!#"$%&'"(()!+*,"-!)++./01&!2"((3"*4&/056 "87'9:;<+=()+= 34">+6 1?

&@&A"$B "@*6 C=(+6 D0&EC*FCE&A"/-G H+ JIK+L3"$1MONP+L6CEQMSRJT
&UBVP&-)+W*4X8!"L6"$Y$0&&A"$(Z [*6\-^]A)+M`_â5b>c1 $&<B )!)WX; dBV
*6 3I6 3!6 ")e*6\-f])+Mhgij k&j*6(+=0V&j*6\-f]A)l?m* +! Lh0
+ 3L"$6?$+nG 3!"$6?B*")+ C)+!()++m" \6 "PC l,MPo%l+6 A"$)!)l.86
)p",.C lq!qrJC+s+ ^&056B "=-" *4&1MPtP"-)!VQMvu%-Z)+UBw)+!K`&er;C!= 3
056`&x'yzs6m&A"$(Z /*-=]A)+q056q&L ")A*"$MqoH(G6+-)+{,")+!b"$+6
+[C+ Lh(+(G)!+ |C)l~}-+s"#"[( 3w+ udMte&!s"((3"*4&kFW()+6l
&^0"*%&A"$&=NPY(A"(G"$"$"j)+UB 05rJC *.M[te&[("(G"$
"$'$'YT6@_b\BV&+)+&NP(A"K%+%*)!;*4XEBV+&32OQ36T$X;_{b$M'C8/&&+L6&
(6(A"L6"$+6 i!=j+ &j(A"K,?`BV&+*4&k-G*6=#(6L6lI6)l.&+L6&^&/#
-l&A",I6%^-Z'"1?W+!2"I;!"-)+%\C%(!(Z)++ "M<NP+L6C{QMSRJ\( 3
&=(+ *+()+s$0e"K}(+(G)!+ + LMsm+(Z)+! + L!8"CF05C)q*4& !rJC#6-"! h&+L6&
&6CL6&(Ci"M m"*4&"L6f*6 3"! " "",.O0&A"$)+0}"iW*CW+ L"
*"K.J}",I68"+! 1Mm 2[ C&***#(C4"$! 1?&! (CV+ &
*F+6 C[-Z/#"((ZMte&/+b/02&/L6+\(Z ^6 i&sW.W "=!*
" L60'&! (C/!L A")egH? &)! L&|0%&*6\-|]A)l/" |&6/x
0;&<*"*"\]A)lKC*C$M`te&mr;C!^"$**CC)!"$!b+=+ \-3.s u>
B
)+L6>a'j,gHpc
aQMJc
et &\.; A"=+*^" L6\gHP! @&+'!L E!%!*F4"$E-3.& }-+'2}=WC)p">6%"

&;C'rJCA") M{gDl&&^R$yz%)+ L&W}us*6\-E]A)+?B 6-4"$! "$ "**CC)p"$6
BV+&k0 E-lMite&j\C)l+()!+*,">+6 |-3.i}@*," k-Zj")!+bf"="E+=()!-l}&l0
6(Z"$+6 1M_{ *?6 #*")!sC)l+()+!*"$+6 -3."j0"*6 &A"-G#(Z05=i"$
&C*"=()++ Li"$0%Q36T$X;_bM|NP!LCQMSR3Q&UBV#&UI6")+)V&A"(G
*6-C*FC80562&+"=()!BV& E"(()+.;+ L#&*6=\C4"$+IC)!$M
`'%m6w<WFV{^wK8VHPPm
+;4
'A3+
36$6\F
'lG3!$6\PF
,$!l++!
%
6,
562!VF=+

d
d
+8vm% 8VJ+=J' Z E E!l
x(n)
H(z)
z -(D-1)
-2
H(z)
H(z) =

H(z)

D
1 - z
D (1 - z
-D
y(m)
-1
)
P! m!;4'p$6 Z 6\EP+l
-2
4 times
8 times
x(n)
1
1 - z -1
synchronization
Delay
z -1
4 times
1 - z -1
D
8:1
8 times
+
1 - z -1
1 - z -1
y(m)
z -1
D
8:1
3
P+6[ V h +;4E'!6$ $q Z 6P+l{56%! P
=+
!#"%$&'$(")+*,-./012"%435'635'-
MSB
A Co
FAn
k Bit
7798
...
B Cin
Input
A Co
FA2
Output
B Cin
CLK_A
LSB is x(n)
FA1
A Co
B Cin
"0"
m Bit
CLK_A
CLK_B
:;=<>@?BADC@EGFH!IJK;MLNAPO=;MQ1ASRUTR1R@AS?%VXW?ZY\[1A^]_W`âb:;=OcY\AP?de`fL1OMAS`fAPQY\ghY\;MWQ
i jklmnopqr ns!t#u%v&t'v(u)k+wxy.m/t0sm1k2u%n4z5t'o6z5t'ymno
~~
ShN
{{}|
P5
ce@^c\P5MK5'c\P5%c\(0!ffPBBMSPSMSBS&=@ceh1c\PB
XMM9%M1\@XBS1Pc\SM%1h\1PBM@\MX^1MB=02@SSMh\M
1c\S#\1 &ce@Uc\PB BS@BSB!M1M1PSB=@B=1#
1\#\PBMSSDB1_Bf0\111@Bh1(BM11MZPK01^f#\=
P@\XBP1S1P=PB@1/5%1MMf1M=Pfb1SP=hB=\hB=h&! { X#S0
0hKS01b1^NPBSP!#SMSD=&S.\SPBX1h1PS0b#S
1^NPBSSPSMSBMSPB XPSBPBS#\cScK%@h=f B# {
11SPBP!#SMS\P1M_Mh1B(2BM=P_1S^1c\M1=MSZ/b 1 {
5M1 | GB1}% \@1SP=hB=1!PSBD\fce11c\PS%1PBh
M&B1(M11@\f1M=@XBS1P1P ePb1MBSSBS1N\1^S^MBS&1Bh=c
S0XBfK\11PSM\M%1MM%B1%X=M}%=@^hM1c\PB#!SP@\
B1SM1=@1SP=hB=bh}&5M1B | G1P1MP\B1@=U@\1
SBS1e\@=h11M=Sh\M11M(1SP=hB==_BS1MBP\1hBSB
eSBPhBDS@SSch1M
@XS1DSDMBS%c\^^1}XM=}S2\1SKce11 c\S%1=
S0XB\1 11SP=hB=b h1
@XeP1S^c\P%c\^ @XM=}Se^1M1fc\PB%1=
S0XB\1 11SP=hB=b
B1fU@SBMBPXS1S@P 1=B#U1^X(\@1Z0h1
XS1S@PS@S%XZ\@2M\PBfS1=hB\PSN 1#\PBf=@SXMM9%

{
h
0h
\

@
@
@
h
h e
h

_#
_#
c\B1Sce11c\PZhBh1e_f=!\M1B=1M1&B01M
!#"%$&('*),+.-/)0-1+243%5678)9':;<+.>=?)0@=?)06:
A#ACB
DEGFHDJIGKMLON;LQPSRQTJUWVYXHZ\[]LQI?TJ^_Z`LON;aJ[bF*c0d/^ TJZ`ZeTfgLOPhVji<[kfgTlFHDZe^mcnVHDJN;PWX;Ze[bLQIbEDN;PW[]FoLpEbLORQT#N;P
q EgDlZeLQN;aJ[bF*ckrl^ IbTJNs[9ckLON;PtROT#UWVhXHZ\[]LQI^ T#ZeZ`TfuLQPvVjiY[bF;IbLOL/FHDZe^mcnVHDJN;PSXHZ\[]LQIGEQwyxkNtLOz#LOIGihRDEbL
[bF;L{XHNHDJZ;F;DJZe^mcnVHDJN;PYXHZ\[]LOIFHDJEy[]F;L{UST#E9[(EG[]I q Noa#LQNj[uEbK|LQR q XHRQD[ q T#N;EOwy}{F;L[bI]DJNoE q [ q T#NSVHDJN;P
^ T#Iy[bF;L/ROT#UWVhXHZ\[]LQI(Z q LOEgV|LO[kfuLQLQNv~owJ<DJNoPv~ow B N;T#IbUhDJZ qe LQPIbLQZ`D[ q zJL[bT1 A w WQ w
}{F;LWZ DJE9[E9[DJa#LTJ^y[]FoL1FHDJZ\^mckVHDN;PXHZ\[]LOIUWoEG[lDJRF q L,z#LSDJZ q DEIbL09LQR,[ q T#NTJ^ A ~#~PH_f.F q ZeL
K;IGLQROLQP q N;atX;Ze[bLQI.EG[]DJa#LQE.FHDzJLIGLQZ`D*LQPEGKMLOR q XHRD[ q T#N;EQw
0dB
1st Stage
-40dB
2nd Stage
fp2
f
s2
0dB
-40dB
f
p1
f
s1
0dB
3rd Stage
fsa / 4
-40dB
aliased band
fsa / 2
f /2
sa
f f
p s
sa
=f
FIRin
f /4
sa
f /8
sa
q a#;IGL<owr#doDJZ\^mc0gDJN;P q eZ [bLQI
{n{9
o7_9?H0u(vH:798go
}{F;LtK;IbTRQLOP;;IGLtTJ^pP;LQE q a#N q N;aFHDJZ\^mckVHDN;PXHZ\[]LOIbEUhLQDJN;E<[]TP;LO[bLQIbU q N;LvDZ`Tf.KHDEbEX;Ze[bLQI

f q []FU q PoP;Z`LckROLQNj[]LOIbLQP%RQo[bTJ|c^ IbLOoLQN;R q LOEQw}{F;LRQTLOhR q LONs[bEY^ T#I1[]F;LF;DJZe^mcnVHDJN;PX;Ze[bLQI
RQDJNV|LtROT#USK;o[bLQPVjiEbF q ^[ q N;a[]F;Lh^ IbLQs;LON;ROiIbLOEbK|T#N;EGLt8#v[]TZ`TfuLQI<^ IbLQs;LON;R q LQErsw
}{F q E1USLDN;E1[]FHD[YDE9[DJN;P;DJIbP
x0XHZ\[]LOI1P;LQE q aJNDJZàJT#I q []F;URQDJNVMLvDJK;K;Z q LOPDJN;P[bF;L
LONs[ q IGLlFHDJZ\^mckVHDJNoPROT*L,tR q LONj[]E/DJIbLla q z#LONVji
f N kC
;
owd
!#%&(*,./0124%789:;<.>?0@?0:
First decimation
Filter
x(n)
@ 5MHz
comb
Filter
#
Second decimation
Filter
f1
y(m)
FIR Filter
@ 156.25kHz
D :1
1
D :1
2
2
f
2
f
3
f = f
n
out
half-band filter
?e#;Glo#o
?bQ;
!"#$ &%;lG'b"b$;(])* Q+ ,]
.-0/214369 587 %>-0?18/A@CB3EDF-0/ 5 1HG /2@ 7

-o I J1
I
:<;=
%;ObKDF-0/21l)%;Le';)%MNO$ QP RC]O )%STJ(SU]*T P #$V.W(XY3[Z]\+%;
U*,^_OÙV&à)%; %C8CWSRCb Q(JGb"&J$o'cdT$GQ*];e/OQ)2gfWe;'(|U Q'
)%;L'U^ÒÙd)_W -h?]1 ?e#;Gojik $e b &Wb '.);% $.0J l]$ QP W).RC] Ol#);O
Namonp3 koq
D r"# $s I NQutvE# ; QowxyRCb QO$CW$Tz&;% rQ UV] Q # P U* ,
RCOÙV{%C|r%C}) | gG P $Q UlVT B W.W.M u$ P e 'S
Udb 'òab P e +; ,g; o;% ~Q
5
-h I 1#0# +
UJf '
p 3 k"
- ojkJ1
0# +M"e-03E
r1
k"iJ
0# +3FN
\+;% SU* ,^`Q e'V; Ub Q)S
CWb $ ])%" b'$Wb $Y- okJ1 DF-0/21 'M U.
<"#%; #è # G)%
p'dpRCe -h; <
P M] ' G $o );% è'$eWoJ Jl
G ` %JMH
R QL1%Cp| Q' b)b ') U P "] &o% U* ,^_O ÙV&{") P p&;% bUs ;',T
G' P G '!&o
% l%C8C"rRb QQwgl
$e ] U $&o% l PP 'o M S?e#;GYoji )%
);% b's ;UU
T G' P "b {
<W P `
\}e 1o P b'G 'V& P b e .'"] U$$Wb $" 0# ]#f O&p; 'O $`Wb $ I Q~] Qa
4 }M,Qa.Eq}>p*Qoo}
w(n)
1/2
h(n)
2N
}$")!"j",&'($C2&W})!$()U)Wo&"a"}$&U
0V8UU'_2&V]HK "?).)U`$"$ ',&{).&W`"$ &W)
CW)_'*0)('VeM{ C8CWC&U'b+_$""0)'dU''.0!)
CWgCe)'lb,<2lWc2{U)'?"$"]&)L&W&$}$")LM
+`C&')"''}Q$#S&US$&_$'+}L" o)Kd?U.
UM,_U$UV&)U_&!U)_)Q&C_QCC&U{Fh2&48_o$)Q"jao
U)'
HalfBand FIR Filter designed with Remez Exchange Algorithm
20
N = 14 f s = 0.125 f p = 0.375
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
o!" C)'dUUQ'?")!o) o)'Qo"($
4
E !"$#%&#%!
R!S)T5UWV7X3YUZ
[]\.^`_badcV)_eT5U
h;Uij!Vlkmc8VQ\
,.-0/+13254768479
<>=?A@CBD476:E+F3-GIH
fAg
ng
n)y
n){
R!S)\.|}j\.U^+~
ny
S)\c:}iT5_bU5V)
ntby
147Bew ng
ng
ntg
147Bew n)y
n
np
147Bew n){
R_eVQ\S]StZ\S %g
%0y
%0{
')(+*
,-:/+1325476:4;9
,-:/+1325476:4;9
<>=?J@KBL4;6:E+F3-GM <>=?J@KBL4;6:E+FN-.GO'QP
'QP
')(op*+q.rs
P`(+opq.rs
v8')(wxopq.rs
*8w*P`(o
*8wH`vò
`P (otqrus
v8')(wxopq.rs
z
*8wD')(o
*8wvò
v8')(wxopq.rs
z
z
*8wx(o
*8wx(o
*8wD')(o
*8wvò
*8wx(o
*8wx(o
8* wx(o
*8wx(o
' H
((
v+**
+( (
v*+*
z
v*+*
z
z
z
z
+/ @:BD4P8w8%=3L@8BL4<>=6: FN47BDBL/pFND=6::L6:EA<>=?A@m/p6:9r/+BG>/+6:9%DBDF3471=1/+6=Q4;1N/+BDB

f 4;7D?l/tFND=6K=pv`(
u !:"$%&%!

)
J;pJ JuJ
;l KJ 7
:: 7+N8L:;3Dd:p8LL3:30+W;:77Au0pD0+:%:D37

7+37+:+L83
3: 3::D :L+3+:;J0N;0+mD7:+3+
+8J+":7+
8:`pL!3:;3DJ8D3L O+:;7DltNDA0N; :73:
D`N77:LpN O++7> : 737Lt7 W;70p3L+:7:DL7+:3 L;30p3 >+3
+ DL!53: tN7

"!"#%$'&)(*+#%, -/.10$324658796:;2<0'=>,
:00p0+I0+8 :D370+ N: m N3D:;`mW;70p3L+:?N :+30+:

@:78BACp C +:Cl N::+:C@:78BACp C ED :A@:;:7D7+A83+
G F7; 7LpNI HNK
J ) ML9FONQPSRBTN :3+DNNp:3ND 0+: :N7L:;l3:3:;
+3: + 0N7 O+ U A p::I AD:O
N MTD3K
VXW) CYC+< Z +:K
[?P\C8] C
^8N
3:A7LpNI H;G A lpL!N3+:D3LK0+:; 0N7u:7u+_ JYCECDu3 @:D3;}:":J57
+J8D3L:DD73N37+D` F;3:3;7: N+Lb
acRd egf4j hSi k
l +8O+D
:+30+: L:8L p?
monqp CrsCYCEC < Z%D:
8sYt 3: N8d H;N+DJ3B @:7:u A
735:Y M:LDL83v 8sYC":;:D;NN:0+30+8 3;;ND pN8u @:78B Al37W+:3
3: N:D30+I0p::D377 :3;7:0N7 N+ DK:::DL; U A+L8:8
x(n)
@ 5MHz
Sharp. Comb
Filter
D
4:1
f1
HB Filter 1
D
2:1
f2
HB Filter 2
D
2:1
f3
HB Filter 3
D
2:1
y(m)
@ 156.25kHz
%D: 8s x w >Z L.b^ ++N+ +!3:zy:+357:;|{>JLN;>D3dLpDZ +:]LN;3

3+:LD: 3B@.87:uA +P j :]N3+:D3L 0p: DD:7 NKCr ) }p~PpCrsJ D
:+3+D` F;7 37Lp3GH+ 3OP j pO:LuHN:d p37 N3+:D3L 0+8 p [?P\C8 x
Op]%:D37D3@:D3;}::J57+J8D3L:DD7N +D`F;N:7;:N+
D
a j egf4j h k )
l+8O+D :+30+:3D::Dlpmn|pCrsCYCECECUp4Z"N8L
9 X%E xuv'64 '8'%
E
)4`4G)oYE%`Y4)xEo44<))4Y4d)BM4u1)oY4)zY6 )BE4

YE%GE4)zxY4)B)U)9)4E)YG;)BM4u1)oY4)zY)4)BE4|<YI4Y4
<IB
4 4)o9<G3<Y4<IB`d)4`4B)GE1<Y)4z?Youx<441)Y4oG)È1<4\%3
)Y4EBoE]E )x]UEE4E)?YGGc)B)GY)E G44)B44uGvU
o444G`BcoE)4<)<IYE 4zuxB)|<G)Eo4E)Y)IGE1<Y4
YX?\]U`BYBEo4`K) MX;) 4O|EYG<Yo)<4o`4`1Y
xsEYEEEY44G`bv/g4 U d4IG4G`B) Yo)4G)B\GE4osY
4B4GB)4Y`Xo4B4B)oY4)Y)4c4)o<YI<Y<IB"GE4os
o4)4 <))4Y4|)uGE1Y64 o4B4BdooE) Y<YGEEY4>)4 <ooYE
20
N = 14 f = 0.0625 f
s
= 0.4375
0.8
20
0.6
40
0.4
x 10
60
80
100
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
120
0.6
140
160
0.8
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
GE4odsY Y)Y`go4B4BoY4) GE4oS4XY)o<Y4OxBBGEY%<)

Yz4)ovvYGY4|GI
X GY4cGG)

!"#$%&(')*')$
+-,/.
021%3465378469:36;=<?>@A5 BC<D1%3EFBD>#<1FG/HI@KJMLFGN;%OPEFHI<?3QBGNBD3465 RTS%UV<?36OWU%>D9X;%YZ<?1%3&[\4^]_HX3QHXH`G/;

/G ;VOba)GNBDcd>G/HXY 5 Be9X<DRf@A5 BG ,NgNhei 5 BDOV3QBH:5^jSFG/>e>EFHI<?36BQk2021%3l4Q5m367n4Q9X3Q;=<D>G/BD3&HX9:>#<?3QObG/;%O
S%HX5/<e<?3QO\Lo3QHX5-jpk
qMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqqMqMqMqqMqMqqMqMqMqqMqMq#qMqMqMqqMqMqqMqMqMqqMqMqqMqMqMq#qMqMqqMqMqMqqMqMqqMq
qMqr:setMuevwyxzx#w{te|~}Dwyx|xM?y#{xy}ew#|yz_#vy#~#y}?~vyxzMqMq
qMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqMqqMqMqMqqMqMqqMqMqMqqMqMq#qMqMqMqqMqMqqMqMqMqqMqMqqMqMqMq#qMqMqqMqMqMqqMqMqqMq
ImZIMm I? M#yM#y#
:mZIMm
ImZIMm I? MMMMMMMMMMM
ImZI#m
#mZI#m ? #yM#yM#~MMMM
#mZIMm
ImZIMm ? MMMMMMMMMM#My
ImZI#m
ImZIMm I? MMM#~M#yeyM
ImZ:ym
:ymZ:ym I? MMMMMMMMMM#y
:MmZ:ym
:ymZ:ym ? MMMMMMMMM
:ymZ:~#m
:~#m ? MMMMMMMMMMMM
Impulse Response h(n) of the HalfBand Filter of order N = 28
0.5
0.4
Value
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
10
15
Coefficients
20
25
30
)9XY U%Be3pVk/ aH:5/<e<?36Ob]_5m367n4Q9X3Q;=<D>5/@"<?1%3EFBe>e<GNHX@KJMG/;%O\)9XHX<D3QB6) ,/g
!"#$%&()*)$
-N
20
N = 22 f = 0.125 f
s
= 0.375
x 10
0
6
20
4
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
)X %eV/VP/QD/:eQd%6%6Qe/%D ) X %e8 ml/DeF/%Q?X NCD%8eQ

/"?V&eQ6 %b/IK/V:I?6
% NXKM/%\)XXDQ
!"#$%&))$

! "! #%$& ('*)+-,/.('0$1()2'03"40#657
89 ':40.;#
<>=?%$?!+@BADC%EGFCIHJ'0$K'0==%)+8L+@M ONP :QR)+#)+)'0S'0$KTU'*!VWX'0)+@3+!<Y0Z'
[[*\3] 3$#^)+_^='0!^1()2#5`
a #Lb #+#c'0!a)+d$ '0%$P=)+03#$e.f#)+_a5
ghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghgighghghgighghgighghghgighghgdghghghgighghgighghghgighghgighghghgdghghgighghghgighghgighg
ghgcjk3lhm3nioqp^ripdosl3tvu!oqpxw/t/p/yhyzqwdzspqui{3o|ydtqr|}R~d}inqydvd}quiyzvnq{ip/r^
hghg
ghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghgighghghgighghgighghghgighghgdghghghgighghgighghghgighghgighghghgdghghgighghghgighghgighg
i2iLXihdL 2 hhh/ihh/i/ihh
i/LXiiiL
i2iLXiiiL h/i/v
i2iLXi3/L
idLXiiiL hh/3qhdqdq/h3
idLXi2hiL
i2iLXi2hiL 3vi/v
i2iLXi2hiL
i2iLXi2hiL 2 dqdqhh/idqhhh
i2iLXi2/dL
iqiLXi2/dL hh/hv
ih/LXi2hiL
iqiLXi2hiL hh/hhhidhq/hh
iqiLXi2d/L
ivdLXi2hiL 2 h/hhv
ivdLXi2hiL
iqiLXi2hiL 2 hdqhhhhhhdqh/
iqiLXi2hiL
iqiLXi2hiL vih/v
iqiLXi2/dL
i2hiLXi2/dL hh/3qh/ih/ihh
i2d/LXi2hiL
i2hiL ihhhhhhhhhhhh
|cI`DxîZDIdGÛiUiGI`
0
0.5
0.4
Value
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
10
15
20
25
Coefficients
30
35
40
45
I%! %0%`+0! # c*I! # c 2-i *eU 2 #U(x
20
1.5
N = 600 f = 0.25 f = 0.27

s
x 10
0
1
20
0.5
40
60
80
100
0.5
120
1
140
160
1.5
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
U +3 %0%O #! 3#WK^ 3; U +3 %%U 3! 0% L# 06! ! 3

0 ! +!Pc 2-i *eU 2
c +-h 0PU + #
|cI`DxîZDIdGÛiUiGI`

L
J !"$#% &!!' (f*),+.-/01!2+32
3"4)56 !, L + 7 8908:" ;!<!+
=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=?=>=>=>=?=>=>=?=>=>=>=?=>=>='=>=>=>=?=>=>=?=>=>=>=?=>=>=?=>=>=>='=>=>=?=>=>=>=?=>=>=?=>=
=>=A@BC>DE?FHG5I?G'FJCKMLFHGON K G P>P8QHN'QJGHL?RF6P'KHI6SUT'S?EHP'VMW'SHL?X9P8QMEHR?G I9Y5Z5[>\>\9=>=
=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=?=>=>=>=?=>=>=?=>=>=>=?=>=>='=>=>=>=?=>=>=?=>=>=>=?=>=>=?=>=>=>='=>=>=?=>=>=>=?=>=>=?=>=
]?^%_?`bac]?êd>_>_?à fgh i>j>k>j>l>k>m>j>m>l'gHl>j>j>k nof%_>j
]?^g `bac]?^qp?i>i?à _
]?^%m?`bac]?^qp?i>l?à f%j8h d>d p?d>l>d>i>m'gHl>_>_ p>rgMnof%_>d
]?^%k?`bac]?^qp?i>j?à _
]?êr'`bac]?^qp?i>d?à d8h i>_'gHk>d>i>j p>p?m>l>k'gMr?i nof%_>j
]?êp'`bac]?^qp?i p'à _
]?^%d?`bac]?^qp?i r'à psh r?l>_>l>_ p?k>k>l>l p>r?d>_>k nof%_>d
]?^%j?`bac]?^qp?i>k?à _
]?^%l?`bac]?^qp?i>m?à fgh d>m>d>j'g>gHl>l>j p?d'g>gHk>m nof%_>d
]?^%i?`bac]?^qp?i'g à _
h
h
]?^%m>_'g `tac]?^qr?_'g à fgh gMr?d'gH_>j p?d pgHm'g>g>gHi nof%_>j
]?^%m>_>m?`tac]?^qr?_>_?à _
]?^%m>_>k?`tac]?êk>i>i?à f%_8h _>_ r?_>d>i>m pg>g>gHd>m>d
]?^%m>_ r'`tac]?êk>i>l?à _
]?^%m>_ p'`tac]?êk>i>j?à psh k'gHi>k>k>d>d>k>_>k>j r>p?l>l nof%_ r
]?^%m>_>d?`tac]?êk>i>d?à _
]?^%m>_>j?`tac]?êk>i p'à _8h _>_ r?k>k>j>d>d r?_>j>d p?l
]?^%m>_>l?`tac]?êk>i r'à _
]?^%m>_>i?`tac]?êk>i>k?à f%_8h _>_'g>gMr?k>_'gHi>j>m>d>m>l
]?^%m'gH_?`tac]?êk>i>m?à _
h
h
]?^%m>i'g `tac]?êk>_>i?à _
]?^%m>i>m?`tac]?êk>_>l?à _8h _'gHi>j>k>_>_>j>k>l'gHd p?j
]?^%m>i>k?`tac]?êk>_>j?à _
]?^%m>i r'`tac]?êk>_>d?à f%_8h gH_ r?_ r?d r?d pgHj>d'gMp
]?^%m>i p'`tac]?êk>_ p'à _
]?^%m>i>d?`tac]?êk>_ r'à f%_8h _'gHi>i>k>m'gHk>k>_>l>m>m'g
]?^%m>i>j?`tac]?êk>_>k?à _
]?^%m>i>l?`tac]?êk>_>m?à _8h k'gHj>d>m'gHd>k>d'gHi>m>k>i
]?^%m>i>i?`tac]?êk>_'g à _
]?êk>_>_?à _8h p?_>_>_>_>_>_>_>_>_>_>_>_>_
uwv6xzyA{/|~}.O|t59?cx/{'{"x5|$?}?{/|~}
*!
0.5
0.4
Value
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
100
200
300
Coefficients
400
500
600
" 9!/8 A %? " % 9O
0.1754
0.1754
0.1754
0.1755
0.1756
0.1756
0.1757
0.1757
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
!"3 t~ !"6" !/ 4 9 %? !/ %
w6zA/~.Ot59?c/'"5$??/~
*!
> zzUbz~?9zz&' "

"9"!
" "" 8 88"z
"t!
!""#$%8&"'() ! '"$#$%8+*, $b- ./
s" '
01
>' 2" '2 &435 8" '%6/ (-8",7%889
9!/ 0:
;"t& ! 8 ;<=& >5&? =: @=& "A * 8 CBD1E "

2 F *, G , 1 ! " '2 0HGI, , 1 ="b2 KJML6NO<=&P<Q 4 R
SUT I *
RV5W6X KY5<=Z Q>[*5 " 8", \]9 ' ] ^ . _'' ' $! 9=`2 0&ba!

w c(0QdeO! " ! "' 7 #f ? *,%8 " '2 7B5 s ' ].
' g"' 68' &6

26hi#9 ^"b^
j<=&P<k^l . _'' '/
* T >m =n "' c&oa? 9"2 @=&P@Qo"= M " A p!/ 4' \]9" MH !" "

s"
$ #; &8a? 9": @=&q@B "A * C'9=8 9i r", ' ' s&
20
3H(z)
2K
2H(z) 3K , K = 3, D = 4
x 10
aliased band
20
40
Attenuation (dB)
Attenuation (dB)
60
80
100
120
10
140
12
160
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
"t@=&P@Q=uka'\]9"MHwv5 C" a? 9"b@=&P@Bu~? 7|zb" x !i
! "'gyUga!%8({z:NOQ=(|"N}B
lyUga!%8(z:NOQ=(|"N}B
a? 9
x
}!FO8iM,5fk!.:,[??!F
on
MO
4O5}
A
'?O
4Fl+4l4
+ +.
i{15.8o}mK88
+5115= 1 1 KG AK'0G:?%/'8,%/

1- [ 7 1- -'2 0/tU?b4b%/'Mn1 1
# '}%/+ 70n6/ f/="?+j4bw1 M/1{+ 0/ -'
$n /' F+1 M/1 7 ,/71': " Mi%j;;1=b ",
2 0n 2 "-'2 0 ' g=
j1/wM
^1 = 06 A
' /=
1=2 0$1.''/ k[' ' %
?+j4b
%/'/ %/
:t
1k -
#1;)
/ 1'^,%/ ^/=:1151/++= M s 1 'g#^%/',%/

^ / ='
26i

/ .C1/l+= f17
1o1i
=on ''o K .'' 2
A
+;?b4b

0 ^fn= '
%/.1 ' '/ ^/=$ ] =
ckj/=M= +K$tG1 $/=$ ]M1 =
12 =l'2
0
/g) . 7', t/!+jFb
+" = ]Mb/=?b4bw%/',
1$ ] G
('
!%&
)!*+
(' A +=$1121
1 : ,
,-
.*/
%/'
2"!#n/':/O ]M
7/ = ;
'iM''0/G,%/[.n [ %/7G= t]0/ jb1

./
+
+g
('Pi OC1.] 2G%/O =/
F/=5n M%/'K1032547689 ;:-'1=//' .2 'b=<?> @nBA ]

1 1 '0n s{:=n
HBJ
I
CED"F2G
RTS
KH
# N
KHIL M H
N
HIO
KHIO
,' ZU +/" $! :?+j4bm
P
UV
"Q'
N
0W2546
MQ YX,
[=\3]^`_a;bdcegfEaihBj%kWl/j7lmk9]Pngopq_rjh1_]skWa)tuj7bvtuj7p1_a;b
wyx(w
z1{|3}~3y.~{./{%~,{s~}(|(~3|. {~ {Z|{Z {.~ }B|T/~W{B

|({.,B|{. w |{W{.|{W5|;({~}{3}(~{.~.|({3B{%.{.|~
W5|sy{.7"|T;}({ w ~(W~|~T B{.~ ~8{;{` {.~|TB{%
{||~3{%(,{~/( wx(w ~/u}{s(,}~ | |{.~.TMB{%{|}B~.
(,~ByWB~ (ZmZvG~=Y{.~{={WG8B{%{|~`yy%K
{5{Y|{E|{%| 5|{. {E|~/.~{
qG
r 7;
( xBw
W{{ù?{W|({`G8vB{%.{.|~?+qY={W|{W|?{%|B{%.{.|~Tu} {
(+ {.~ {.|~E|({{??|&{|Y;I{,{u787G8
5|{E{
,{,{.|{|T{~?u u?~}B|?|/.{.~mYE
}({(
~ yW~~}~ | }|}{?E={ .},~/~}({. .}`|{Z {.(.I{.

B{%{.|~+%Y7? " T E{{. ({
|{..I{.{.|u?m{%-.},
?~u|{({.m|`|{ |{.=?|={8{.?||{8.I{{K|i}B{={.{.(~G
|{{.~ {.{.~iE{.{5 Y={%{ ,5|GI{{~{K|?| EWE
~ {i~/{.K}{3`~~ },(|?|3{{~{.|~`|{sT{.?||{Z(}(|
~ iVzg|{{.(| ?8|{+u787G8
|{. |~m7;8~ |}%|} {{K} {.~
zG~}(|%|,.{~.V{{|{~ |}%|} {~{}?| 5Vu} {(

{|~E|{B(T~}(|%|s.{.m({%{{.E {.~
|{~.{sr|{.I{{K|/~ |?{~|,{s{?~{.|?
x(n)
z -1
c0
z -1
c1
z -1
z -1
c L-1
y(m)
c2
u} {(B;u787G8Mu|{. r{. (.5,{ZiB
I{.{.|~`%y.yyI

!"
#$%&'() +*,-*,#'

.0/21
53 47698(:<;>=?@?A=0BC@4EDGFIHKJ&6ML698(:NJO:QPSR(CAJ9:UTWVQ=X:UYZVQCA:Q426[B\=JOT!?A:Q4(DK698769=GHKV]8EC@:^:`_ORE;ba
c VUC@:U426d_&6e=F(f(HK4(T Hg696e:U4SRIHh6eCA=4 BC@?A?ifj:kCA42^:Q_&6eCAD2Hh69:QTml nI=JW698(C@_F(REJ9Fo=_9:hLp698(:
q 8IHK4(:UrgHKJ]sht
HK426]HhJeHh6eHK4IH<HK?AD=J9Cu6e8Ev T(:Q_OVQJOC@fo:QT-CA4!w /xgy BzHK_{:|:UVQRE69:QT-CA4~}%QmS%$l
t8(:)va c ?A:T(:UV 1 J9HKT(C|jlvC@_?@CA_O69:QT{C@4{6e8(:F(Fj:U4(T(C|jl3546e8(: c JO_O6HKF(F(JO=2HKV]8mL(698(:SK
c ?u6e:UJVU=:YVUC@:U426e_HKJO:J9HKT(C|Xa / :U4(VQ=XT(:QTl:VQHK4`_9:U:CA4t
HKf(?A: . l698IHh6698(:PSRIHh4a
69C@QHh6eCA=4:QJ9JO=J;>=J6e8EC@_VMHh_9:{C@_Z . .0SX ln,C@DKR(J9: x l x _98(=0B_Z6e8(:T(:U_9CAJ9:QT
vZHKD4ECA69R(T(:J9:U_9Fo=4(_9:hln,C@DKR(J9: x l x F(JO:Q_9:U426e_6e8(:vZHKD4(Cu6eRET(:J9:Q_OFj=K4(_9:BCA698NJ9HKT(C|Sa /
:U4(VQ=XT(:QTHK4(T{f(Cu6PSRIHK426eCAMHh69:QTVQ=X:UYZVQCA:Q426e_UlzR(:69=6e8(:8(CAD8_O69=F(fIHh4(THg696e:U4SRIHh6eCA=4
HK4ET6e8(:?HKJOD:4SR(vfj:UJ=K; c ?u6e:UJzVQ=X:UYZVQCA:Q4269_QL(6e8E::Uj:QV6=K;$PSRIHK426eCAMHg6eCA=4C@__9R(f(_&6]HK4269CHK?l
t8(:)f(Cu6Oa_9:Q4E_9Cu6eCu^Cu65{=K;
JeHKT(C|Sa / :Q4(VU=TE:QTVU=:YZVQCA:Q426e_C@_VQ=K4(_9CAT(:QJ9HKf(?u{8(C@DK8mlt8(:_OC@vRa
?@Hh6eCA=4(_,_98(=0B+HVU=vFIHKJ9HKf(?A:f(CA6&a5_O:Q4(_OCA69CA^XCu656e=6e8E:=4(:a_O6eHKD:HKFEF(J9=2HhV]8>V]8IHKFE69:QJSel,354
=JOT(:QJ69=J9:^:MHh?6e8(:f(Cu6Oa_9:U4(_9Cu6eCu^XCA65KL,HK4E=K6e8(:UJ c ?u6e:UJBCA698 TI-_O69=F(fIHK4ETHg696e:U4SRIHh6eCA=4
HK4ET . KBHK_T(:Q_OC@D4E:QTmln,CADR(JO: x l . _98E=B_6e8(:;>J9:UPSR(:Q4(VJO:Q_OFj=4E_9:=h;,6e8EC@_ c ?u6e:QJUl
354HKFEF(?@CAVMHg6eCA=4(_B8(:UJ9:698(:T(=0B4(_9HKvF(?@CA4(DJeHg6eCA=C@_PSR(Cu6e:8(C@DK8mL(E . vZH0fj:_9REYZVQCA:Q426
69=v:Q:6\698(:T(:Q_OC@JO:QT_OFj:UVQC c VMHh69C@=K4(_w /xgy ln,CADR(JO: x l F(J9:U_9:U4S69_\698(:JO:Q_OR(?A69_\;>=JHT(=0B4a
_9HKvF(?@CA4(D{JeHh69C@={=K; .0x l354=J9T(:UJ6e==fE6eHKC@4H8(CAD8(:QJ)F(JO:QVQCA_9CA=4;>=J6e8(:ZJ9:U?Hg6eCu^:Q?u?A=B
T(:UVQCAvZHh6eCA=4J9Hh6eCA=f2EL%_98(=RE?@Tfo:ZC@4(VUJ9:QHK_9:UT6e= 1 lt8(: c ?A69:QJ)=J9T(:UJCA4(VUJ9:MHh_9:Q_;>=J
698(C@_VQHK_9:hLjHhVQVQ=KJ9T(CA4(D6e= . lheLE6e=Z% . l
x (n)
1
x (n)
2
x (n)
in
ASC
ASC
ASC
ASC
y (m)
1
ASC
ASC
ASC
ASC
y 2 (m)
ASC
ASC
ASC
ASC
y in(m)
b s b0 C in
#1
b s b0 C in
#2
b s b0 C in
#3
b s b0 C in
#L
n,CADR(J9: x l xxE ^K:QJ9HK?@?%n,3zatzn,CA?u6e:QJ

!
$%&'()+,-,'

Target Filter using Chebyshev Window, f

20
= 0.125, f p = 0.1375, N = 478
0.14
0.12
0.1
20
Magnitude (dB)
0
40
0.08
60
0.06
80
0.04
100
0.02
120
0
140
0.02
160
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
, A(O2XQO@OQI9US(Q(QOjK(9 , A(OEEXUZU@US9KmeE,h9,Au
K%eE)
KOU,AA9QUISK
eU Q2K
Radix3 encoded Coefficients of the Target Filter, f
= 0.125, f
= 0.1375, N = 478, q = 8, c { 1, 0}
20
20
20
40
40
Magnitude (dB)
Magnitude (dB)
20
60
80
120
120
140
140
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
= 0.06875, N = 478, q = 16
80
100
= 0.0625, f
60
100
160
160
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
, A(OEEKEuS (UEQ{XUZQAQ2e , A(OE K(S (U(UU@U2e

>
KOU,AA9Que 0 (XeIK( >
K9Z,AA9Que 0 I X9Ih(
OeQSIgeAm7SK(7!
9 9QSIh9@Kmo7pSKE(!

!"#%$&'()*+, .-/!0-/!'+

20
13254
= 0.125, f p = 0.1375, N = 188, q = 8
Magnitude (dB)
20
40
60
80
100
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
6/798:;=<>?A@ 1BCD5E 7GFIH 2KJMLNPOQE < ESRTO <VU N 79< LXWZY\[]O ; DK^/D ;Z8< W 6/7`_ W <V;Ma7 WZbc4XdeEgfihQWjOklgD5LE
m =W W < L : DnW 7 OLporqtsu13vv
wyx{zyx{|
}~Mg
~Mgt.(*g)T
^yb <6/ C H! ^ _ W <P; D ; Nb 7 W < NVW :;Z<7 YlgD5Y < E0OLDNN _`7 ND _ Y : kk _ Oe[W <V; L <V; D ; #O ;
Y Wjb < O <P; D `_ _ N <P_9_T eD W Z; 7GF []O ; D aH
:7 LgD ; < LNPOQE < ENPO V?A>5> YZbO a "
l 7 W 7 Lk : WY 7`8 LD _ ? ^yb < WZO
k O _ O 8 O5[/O5L < D5EEgeY : lW ; DeVN WN <V_`_p7 YyE < k 7 N W < E 7 L /
6 7`85:;Z<>?@Q?
^yb <7` k _9<P< LIWjDeW 7 OLO5[O5L < lgDeY 7 ND5EEgeY : lW ; DeNVWN <P_9_ =; < :79;Z< YO5L < [ :_9_GH D5EE P< ; T
o OL <
m q"oMOL < CDeLEOL < E <V_ D : L 7 W ? ^D5l _9<>? 1d _97 Y*WjYWjb <;Z< :79;Z<V< LXWjY 7 L _ O 87 N
l _ OQNQY[]O ; Y <P_9< NVW < END5Y < Y ?
a og
y
ay su1 > ogs4v >
a su1 > ogs% @ 1
y
m
h RY
ay
@5@@5>
1352 >
6 m
a
y
@@@5>
152 >
m q
2 ay
252 v
4 >5> dv
C
ay
25vvvd
@5@5> vd
C
ay
@5@@5>
1552 >
^D5l _9<,>? 13dBC < :79;Z<P< LIWZY 7 L+O 857 NKf _ OQNQY[]O ; WZb <,6/ C H ^
n g
ay
@@@5>
152 >
67`_ W <V;

!"#%()*+,./!0/!+
3X
C
out
x in (n)
x in (n-1)
z -1
FA
acc in
b sign
b0
x
out
Cin
/9=Q``K rjZ5VTP9+]VZge=TQVP9PX

V
jgjVZ5PZ5=59 eZ`

5 j=eVPej9 g jV 5PVZ
=PXjVp\g5*j9P`5V
y j=j5V g jVP=]5`j99jeZZVj9 5

!#"
y5Pje`rVPcnj9c%$PVjVS9Zy'&T,P(*55\5jVcV V)

ZejV& j,/+*, g9ZPV
QyZgePVP g9ZP-&9Z PV.eZ`5`*j/
5
Gy =

! )!
'&\*55eTjcjZP0=j5=5S5=/+*1 g jV2` "9Xj'&\3 VP`5

Z g
jV=3 VVj4V95
y5Z5PVP6g5 7g56 g jVZe5P*]9 VPcnj905

G G
"/! )! 8!
y+*0/99ZPZP5` PV09M;:/` jV Qj=VZZ

"
5j.9VIZ`S5P= g jVy5 VZ j95

Qèj9/5=`>5V9jQPV
<
]?K.9@&]ZAQP`/-Z9g5?PXj9V9jV
BDC-EFHGJILKNMOQP
IR)S%T?UVS+UT,EXWQYJZ[G\S]R^G/E_T?Ia`2S+Kb`2S+Z^GJILK
e)k.ccl3m/nn
fJgh/ij
gopqj l-rts
{Jp.i r joH|;g lx gw/j
jo3j lm
} r g~j
i rlVu h r gpv/jwpv
rs
})zj x p
H
p l?xys
gz
x g r p u v
cde
r jo k
g l3l hgv
w
?pz/z/ij
un
{2+b{2pi r jo
2
un
h
un
h
k-c
u w/p4jw|
un
h
{2+b{2pi r jo
|
un
h
un
h
1Xe
un
go3zjv/jw|
{2+b{2pi r jo
2
} s
go3zjv/jw|
un
h
Vgi4 ;gv
w={Jp.i r jo
2
fJgh/ij
e
k.cc
kd8
} m/nn
gopqg r p u v
i.jv/~ rts8+@'
un
{2+
-
Ncc
-'
Nc
{2+?
-
-'
Ncc
un
h
{2+?
{2+?
rts
)k# w/
{2+
w/j8p.g r p u v
1X)/xu vjv r p u vgi
{2+
} s
b
k.c
e
{2+
j{Jp.i r jof
u z
)k.c w
e
u i u ~pj l?xu v
l pw/jo3jwpv
rts
p l
|
gz
r jo

_
't
.D/3.83.t/L/t
0t4t3?]t
/-]3
t3t3/%3yH//y3._/4ttt
4ty
/
,//3.t,.4)XV%)H/
4t//t
3/./tt3.3/3//84
//33]0t/..3.t/,3//
]t
t
//%
/Q/3t6'yQ?
4t//3//(tH//0/
33
/
y
?/y3(/V33..4?/
33t
H)
t(t
H4t//V3//(//
3//4t/.tLt/02+X/tt/3./=/4t/.]t
?4t)
..4.%38/()%0t
4t/))tt
33
/0
.^(3
4tHV
/3]1/?]3']yH/(t'(/H.//(/

3
V_3==/3/33/%t/3
V//=3
t.43/./V?..
t/_]'
/(t?(33/
4t0/3t88.
.y/.)34./
//t

/;/3L
/.3/?L/
3

.t/D//%)4'
/t.D
0t33./'/
3t/
/3_
"!"#$%&('*)+!#'
,-/.
20 143/06587:9;9=<87:>2?@?BA;C*C/5D7E>2?F02GH>2I
GEJKA;GHLNM21OA=G
9P7Q02143/06R8SUTVGHAC/A=?2G
AWXC/ATV02GI
C/YZ5[G
>29;7ETV14C/>
R8SUTVGHA
\ ]Â;C/5[G
A_9=C/SOM`TV14C/>29a7:A;Gb9=02Cc>d14>eT;02GfWXC/S4SOCc14>23gGihB7:YZ52SOGH9
JZc02G
A=Gj7ESO9=CkT;02G
?2GHI
14YQ7ETV14C/> 087E96<[G
GH> 5lGHA=WXC/A=YZG
?m14>gT;02GonprqsI
C/YZ5[G
>29;7ETV14C/>mR8SUTVGHA
\n8M2AtTV02GHA;YZC/A;GEJ
9=M2<ùvR2S4T;G
A;9w087x/G@<[G
G
>j?2G
9=1O3/>BG
?yc14T;0y9;5[G
IH1z7:S{C/<`|tGHIHTV1Ux/GH9
\e}~CoC/<BTV7:1O>79;YQ7:S4S{R2S4T;G
A
C/A=?2G
AHJw1UTf149o>2C:To7:?Bx*1O9;7:<2S4GTVC IHC/YZ5lGH>29V7TVGTV0BG587:9=9;<87:>B??21O9tTVC/AtTV14C/>7:>2?A=G7:S414
G
T;02GF?2GH9;14A;G
?9=T;C/52<87E>2?7ET;T;G
>NM87ET;1OC/>yc1UTV0214>yTV02GD9V7:YZGFR8SUTVGHA
\p>kT;02GF9=G
I
C:>2?g?BG
9;143/>
Gih27EYQ5BSOGEJ[1UT087:9<[G
GH>D9;0BCc>602Cc 9=M2<ùvR2S4T;G
A;9WXM2SUR8S4S9;5[G
I
1UR8I52M2A=5lC/9=G
9H\
}"02G@IHC/Y<ju087:SUWu<87:>B?jR8SUTVG
AwI7:9=I7:?2G@1497:>2CETV02GHA7:5252A=C7:I0y9=M214TV7:<2S4GFTVCo5[G
AtWXC/A;Y 7
9;7:YZ52SO14>23A;7ETVGA;GH?2M2IHT;1OC:>@<NW7:I+TVC/A{-`\{M2GT;CT;02GA=G
SO7ETV1Ux/GHS4DSOCce?2GHI
14Y7TV14C/>@AV7ET;1OCBJ
|tM29tT@7j?BG
I
14YQ7ETV14C/><7bW7:IHT;C/ADj087:9DT;Cj<[Go5lGHA=WXC/A=YZG
? 14> TV02GR8A;9tTF9=TV7:3/GE\s}"02G
A=G
9;MBS4T;1O>23Q587:9=9;<87E>2?D?2A=C`C:5149"x/GHA=9;YQ7:S4S\
n(14>87:S4SU/JTV02GA;G7ESO147ET;1OC:>C:WTV02Gn(prqI
C/YZ5[G
>29;7ETV14C/> R8SUTVGHADc14T;05lGHA;14C`?B1OI
7:SOSUTV14YQGiu
xE7:At`14>236I
C*GHQI
14G
>TV9087:9<[G
GH>14>x/G
9tTV1437ET;G
?\pYZ52SOGHYZG
>TV14>23@TV02Gn(prqR8SUTVGHA<aM29;14>23
T;02G]^}m9=TVA=M2IHT;M2A;G1O97:>w14>TVGHA;G
9tTV14>23Z7:SUTVGHA;>87ET;14x:GIHC/YZ587:A;GH?wTVCI
C/>x:G
>TV14C/>87:SlYM2SUTV1452SU
7:>B?67EI
I
MBYM2SO7ETVGA;G
7:SO147TV14C/>29
\
d_/
B/@

6_
fm
+P
P^/QP(
Q
H
6 @

rrrrtrrrrtrrr
trVXrvrvrv{rvvVtr={"t;UV
rrrrtrrrrtrrr
rr`t4vB V vr
r4v`t4rB V t
rr`trB UV vrv
rr`t rB UV r
r t`trB V t
r t`trB V r

!"$#&%&'(#)*+,.-0/1324/65879:<;=
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCDCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCDCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCFEHGDIKJLNMPOILQRSTMHUKLQV,WXQYYNMKZDM[QKJL]\,XKY&^D__a`bONc
CC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCDCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCDCCCCCCCCCCCC
defgih)dekjKlmgih
nfNo fffpqq]jHq
dekjgih)dekjKlrDgih
depgih)dekjKlqDgih
fNo fffpqq]jHq
delgih)dekjKllgih
fNo fffpqq]jHq
deqDgih)dekjKlpgih
derDgih)dekjKlDjgih
nfNo fffpqq]jHq
demgih)dekjKlfgih
nfNo fffqssps
detgih)dekjKpugih
nfNo fffqssps
desgih)dekjKpsgih
deugih)dekjKptgih
fNo fffqssps
dekjKfgih)dekjKpmgih
fNo fffutmrm
dekjjgih)dekjKprDgih
fNo ffftlpqp
dekjKpgih)dekjKpqDgih
dekjKlgih)dekjKplgih
nfNo ffftlpqp
dekjHqDgih)dekjKppgih
nfNo ffDjKppft
dekjHrDgih)dekjKpDjgih
nfNo ffDjKppft
dekjKmgih)dekjKpfgih
nfNo fffpqq]jHq
dekjKtgih)dekjjKugih
fNo fffutmrm
dekjKsgih)dekjjKsgih
fNo ffDjKurlDj
dekjKugih)dekjjKtgih
fNo ffDjKtfu
depfgih)dekjjKmgih
fNo fffpqq]jHq
depDjgih)dekjjHrDgih
nfNo ffDjHqmqs
deppgih)dekjjHqDgih
nfNo ffpqq]jHq
deplgih)dekjjKlgih
nfNo ffpDjKutl
depqDgih)dekjjKpgih
nfNo fffpqq]jHq
deprDgih)dekjjjgih
fNo ffDjKtfu
>@?BA
vwwxyz{|v}~{
!x$&&x~'~{({xy)+vy,z.03468<
i)kKi
N DK
i)kKi
N
i)kKi
N ]H
i)kKi
N ]H
i)kKi
N ]H
Di)kKDi
N D
i)kKDi
N
i)kKi
N DK
Di)kKi
N D
Di)kKDi
N
i)kKi
N
i
N ]H
i
N D
i
N DH
i
N
]Di
N D
Di
N
i
N
Di
N
DDi
N D
i
N DKDK
i
N
i
N
i
N DH
i
N DHD
]Di
N DK
Di
N
i
N DK
Di
N
DDi
N DK
i
N
i
N DK
i
N
i
N
i
N
DDi
N
Di
N
i
N ]K
Di
N
DDi
N
i
N H
i
N
i
N

!$&&'()+,.03468<
DD
FHDKNPTHK,NKD[K],K&DTbN
DD
Di
DkDi
DDi
N ]H
Di
DDi
bN
DD]i
N ]H
Di
N DK
Dbi
bN DK
Dbi
bN
Dbi
N
DkKbi
bN
DkbDi
bN
DkKbDi
N DK
DkKbi
N DK
DkHDbi
bN DK
DkHDbDi
N DH
DkKbi
N
DkKbi
bN
DkKbi
bN
DkKbi
N
Dbi
bN
DDbDi
bN
DbDi
N
bi
N
DD
FHDKNPTHK,NKD[K],K&DabN
DD
i)kKDi
N ]H
ki)kKDi
N
i)kKi
N ]H
i)kKi
N ]H
Di)kKDi
N ]H
Di)kKi
N ]H
i)kKi
N
i)kKi
N ]H
i)kKi
N
i)kKi
N ]H
kKi)kHDi
N
ki)kHDi

!$&&'()+,.03468

%
# '
$
$
' #
" %
"
"
"
"
" %
"#() "''
"() "'$
"$() "'
"'() "'#
"() "' %
" () "'
"() "'
"() "'
" () "'
" %() "'
"#() "$'
"() "$$
"$() "$
"'() "$#
*() "$ %
*& () "$
*() "$
*() "$
*() "$
*%() "$
*#() "'
*() "$
*$() "
*'() "#
*%() " %
*%& () "
*%() "
*%() "
*%() "
*%%() "
*%#() "#'
*%() "#$

"! # $
&
'
!" $$$
!" ' %
'# %#
'
!" '
!" '
&
'
!" $
!" ' %
'#
# $
!" $$$
!" '# %#
%#%

!" # %'$

!" '
!" $ %##
'#
$$'
!" %$ %'
!" '
$$
'
!"
!" $ %'

%#$
!" $
!" %#%
' '
''
!" $ %#

%# %
!" $ %
!" %$'$
' %
+-,,/./0-132 45+76982:<;=.>@?BAB./8C82D?2./0;EF+30G1IHKJ-LNMOJQPSRTUVW
[\*]^_a`[\cbd_a`
[\*]i_a`[\cbb_a`
[\"be_a`[\cb ]_a`
[\"bk _a`[\cb h_a`
[\"bl_a`[\cbg_a`
m
npo
rtsvuxw
y{z|w-}
ef ebg hdd

jcef e hgi h]
jcef ke ]hd
ef kgkk
ef hbdli
~/y)n&q
G{G D""

-B3 D""
{ c

B 3 B B &-O {
& 3B&

-
B

N "p

{

&p

p
B p

-

B

&
p/ {

m
rtsvuxw
y{z|w-}
zKn&q
G{G
""

-B3
""
{ c
B 3 B B &GO {
& 3B&

-
B

G
{3p
N "p

{

&p
X
YZY
-//-3 579<=@BB/CD/F3GIK-NOQS

p
B p

&

{ "p

B

B

& p {

!#"%$&('
"$)'+*-,."%/01
G 12 4365

B
B - 12 4365
87: 91;=< =
5 =
> 8
? @ 7: 91;=<
A3QC
B -
7: 91;8<

D5E
5 9 #
F
B

G
@ I H
D & @p

> 1&
5& > 5& > JK3D
J 5& > 45& > 3#
x @p { L

=MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
AN
<

F @ O
@
K;

P Q
R TS
U

P K; VW T9 IH
<

Q4XMB:9 UV
K; VY
MZ [V
2
2 5
&

c x D
" & p

p
p

5 2 91@
5
A
5 2 91@ \
2 I P
51&p

2 5 2 91@1 2 &

V ? @ : 91;8<
JK]4HI3^BK]4HTJI3
{ @

P "M M
cM a
p
Q" 5^{ "M JM
= 5LB "M JM UQ4&
b Up

Q" 5-G "M JM
= 5 "M JM UQ4&
b Up

Q" 5 5-{ "M JM U Q4&3 Up

M Vc ; V p
P 5-{ "M JM
%
Q" "M JM
/ "M JM U Q
b
Up

_3B8 `5A V 365p
cLdedbfbgLh#i jkcmlonip`qrfesutAvAfbn%niwtifbgxqyzc#g
h|{0}L~.}(Ce

!#%(
)+-.%+8(
01
MO
I 1:OKTO :146 [1 MO
AMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MOLI 1:OKTO :146O Ow O
I #K=
8K K L:1=K 8I ^TMOK KK
:
:1KOK K

CKM #K=:18K

E L
OmCKM #KA:
:1KOK K
M(CKM #KLK 8:8K
AMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
KT LM
O O
TM) MTK=M KO^K=MOTMK81KT1I LL- KM
MM
T
1M[

K8 w

)4 : 141I wMM #D: 11: MMKw
M KOLK=K8
:1
K
4 [
I8K O [
4 = [
K
4 K)4[
MK )4[
K
K
KOw4[
:M [
:M =
KM OM [
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
KOLK8 I =K8 L MKTKL T:

T 8
K8 w
1 [
M)4 : 111: MMK#D: 11: 4MM[K[
I8K [
T TM[
ILT1T)
4 KMK
K
4 8 [
K
K
4 KM)4[
MK M)4[
K
K
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
A MK8K =T1OKAMTKL
I 8:8K
1MK)1 )4 MMK KwM[
MI
1MK
:18K
1MK)1 )4 MMK Kw4M[
KKT1I ^ KO4M: [
K6 I 4M[[
LebbL# kmo`reuAAb%wbxz#
|0L.(
!"$#

%& (')*+-, /.01-, /. !0+203 .// !"$#
4 4 & )*567/('8 4/4 )'/9 4 -7-':<;= > ?)') @BA7(CEDBFEG@)H>) @<IKJ(LBA7(CE?)'M 4 7>5N"$#
=E7 & @#
?9M)#
% ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
%PO )') > 4 )<IK & 4 ) >QA7 ) R/RS2)' 4 B'@PI>) T 9)'MS-U
% L)2?E7-'M)R7> 4 =)GIKJ(LBA7(CE?)'M 4 7>QVEW MKYX"
DEW MHZ/RH>.*Y[W M$0Y0\?]0^S2=) D/_K(']Y[W/MHà0Yb/"/"$#
%PO )') > 4 )T 9' 4 HX 4 ) @S 7 ) R/RS2)' 4
T 9Z:2.#
DEW MHT 9' 4 ZcS 7 ) R/RW 4 > 9/'MSDEW M$0T 9K"$#
%Gd ) 4 ) >2Ca(')) T 9)'MS-UQe)= F-7>
% R & 7 4 ('iB?E7E(' 4 > 4 =-C) 4 S
f=EW M$0\_EW MH!/Z/R/>) T/XDEW M0N$0Yg2h/."$#
=EW MHZDM=EW M$5N"$#
% T 9' 4 HX 4 ) @jS 7 ) R/RS2)' 4
\@W M$0N-W MH!/Z/R/>) T/XDEW M2T 9' 4 0N0YgM2h.M"$#
@W MHZDMY@W M$5N"$#
% ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
%Pk& 7 4 IKJ(L<IK & 4 ) >L)2?E7-'M)lI & 7 4 ('i k 7E(' 4 "
? & 7 4 _EW M-,-?K$0Y./m & 7i2*Y=EW M"/"$#
=E7 & @#
% @)H>) @<IKJ(L<IK & 4 ) >
? & 7 4 n.m d m 0Y./m & 7i2*nDoCa""/"$#
% ? & 7 4 n0Y./m & 7i2*nDM?]5N"/"/"#
% A7(CEDIK & 4 ) >
=E7 & @#
./. !"$#
i/>H@#
& D) & 5[7>2C & HX) @:I>) T 9)'MS-UpYq/r(C) i !5N"$#
U & D) & 5\s i 'K 4 9@)tY@/e"$5N"$#
4 >/ZE2?>(' 4 R5\IKJ(LjA7(CE?)'M 4 -7-'cIK & 4 ) >0 d W .PZ % i0u[W WEZ % i5/0Y/.,an.m d "$0[W M/"$#
4 4 & )*+ 4 >"$#
?9M)
% ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
%PO )') > 4 )<IK & 4 ) >QA7 ) R/RS2)' 4 B'@PI>) T 9)'MS-U
% L)2?E7-'M)R7><VEW /.
DEW /. Z/>)HC) XY[W /.0</cH!0+BP !"$#
%PO )') > 4 )T 9' 4 HX 4 ) @S 7 ) R/RS2)' 4
DEW /. T 9' 4 ZcS 7 ) R/RW 4 > 9/'MSDEW /.0T 9K"$#
@ & CE_> 4 )*5n,i/> @E ,-v/9M/S2=M,(C 4 & DM,@ 4 , 4 )HCE?w@ 4 5/0\DEW//. T9' 4 0/5nq']5N"$#
%Gd ) 4 ) >2Ca(')) T 9)'MS-UQe)= F-7>
% R & 7 4 ('iB?E7E(' 4 > 4 =-C) 4 S
f=EW /.0\_EW /. !/Z/R/>) T/XDEW /.0N$0Yg2h/."$#
=EW /. ZDM=EW /.5N"$#
% T 9' 4 HX 4 ) @jS 7 ) R/RS2)' 4
\@W /.0N-W /. !/Z/R/>) T/XDEW /./T 9' 4 0N0YgM2h.M"$#
@W /. ZDMY@W /.5N"$#
% ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
%Pk& 7 4 IKJ(L<IK & 4 ) >L)2?E7-'M)PVEW /.*YX"xI & 7 4 ('i k 7E(' 4 "
? & 7 4 _EW /.,-?K$0Y./m & 7i2*Y=EW /."/"$#
EHyB./ !"$#
i/>H@#
U & D) & 5\s i 'K 4 9@)tY@/e"$5N"$#
4 >/ZE2?>(' 4 R5Y;/)S 7-'@:IKJ(L<IK & 4 ) >VEW W .*YX"1@)Hi ') @_K 4 =L)HC) X<z/ES2='i)B8 & i7> 4 =-C{0 d W .Z % i0
[W W .<Z % i5/0Y/.,an.m d "$0[W /.M"$#
4 4 & )*+ 4 >"$#
?9M)
? & 7 4 _EW /.,-?K$0Y./m & 7i2*Y=EW /."H`.m & 7/i2=EW /"/"#
i/>H@#
U & D) & 5\s i 'K 4 9@)tY@/e"$5N"$#
4 >/ZE2?>(' 4 R5YA7(CE?E7 4 ):I>) T 9)'MS-UBL)2?E7-'M)B7RPVEW *YX"$5N"$#
4 4 & )*+ 4 >"$#

|Q}}~Qc |x~PP~3~l|cBQ
EHB/ $
M
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
P// M- 2 l^- H
/ (- /-K$Y/ / 2*Y MH/ -*Y/M/$
/ H
:EHB/ $
\ M-N
\ K Q2 MlY/$N
/< 2 ( / \ M-:2 M P *YK Q/ - H c / 2 a3 E P/
P/ / ] M$ /M$
*+ / $
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
P / 2 B / M-
P 2 M GK(c ( M /
P/ M-
/ *
YY ^ /K(Y$M/
/ / /M] K$
\ // / N $ n/$ M
H / 2

M
</ ( ( 2
\ // /]N$ / Y/

M N$
P/ K(<K M-2 M
/ E-K$Y/ / 2* /
E2/B/ $
/ H
2 H : M-pY/ N$
\ K tY/$N$
// 2 ( / \K(j ( M cK E </ u P/ /Y/-]$
(*/M2//M2/ +2 // $
*+ / $
M
E/
P/ ( <K M-2 M
/ nY/ / 2*Y/$
E2/B/ $
2 H : M-pY/ N$
\ K tY/$N$
/< 2 ( / Y ( BK
Y/2MH:G Y/2MH
*+ / $
(*-:</M2/-QP/M2/ YE2 // $
(*-QB/M2/-/M2/ YE2 // $
(*-]-Q</M2/ YE2c $
n-Q</M2/3/Y 2 BN$
E/
M
</ </ /\K$
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
P/ / 2 M
/ nY/ / 2*YY $
E2/B/ $
/ H
2 H : M-pY/ N$
\ K tY/$N$
/< 2 ( / n / K 2 MPK(Y // - w ( B
K
</ </ /\K$
*+ / $
(*-:</M2/-QP/M2/ YE2 // $
(*-QB/M2/-/M2/ YE2 // $
Y/2MHQ< Y/2MH
QQc xPP3lcBQ

!"#%$'&"(%$*),+
- %
. - /!"#0#1'2"234
%57624518),+

!"#9!"#%$:"9&%%$*),+
;
<>=
@BADC E
FGE(H0I JLK
HIKNMPOQ<?
R%S!T - U75
3WV%X3 !T4 >,YZ*,[\']Z^>)
_a`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
_ R%S!T - U5
3WV%X3 !T4 >,YZ*,Y[\YY]Z^*)
_
3WV%(U4Rb2bac - 2%V
b\23T42%5
%5(\U d6e> -
%fg h
%fV
%5beU4f"d
_ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
_ e>Wf3 - c - 2%V
i
_ >jikZ*&lT%U d6R* -
%f%
4V -%m &>
_ nioU
7T%U d67R* -
%f%
4V -%m &
_ Z*jikR* -
%f(U4f5
%fP43 - 3 - 2%V
_ [\nik5
Tpd*2 - UP2%R -
%fg43 - 3 - 2%V
_ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

_ c
T%U57c - 2%V
i
_ nikZ&lT%U d6R* -
%f%
4V -%m &
_ ]LioU
7T%U d67R* -
%f%
4V -%m &]
_ ZnikR* -
%f(U4f5
%fb45(3 - 2%V
_ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

_ ^Lirq4f5
%fU4R -%m
le>s t7\U du
4!342 - U4f
_a`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
m ` "+
."d*2%. ` "vu>,+
RU4f"d*2 - U V+
RU4f - ` wi m vu>,
x ` - m & m +
y - ) ` >z>'Z*&)v{ *)v{:3 /#v>v x ))z>'Z*&)v3! /#v4v x )) :3 |/'#v x ))zWZ>,+
2 - ) ` - {u>v m ),+
45+
y ` 246!3w y 18),+
_ & &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
_a} U - ef
%~%S
4!T y t
3"uU!34
7U4RR*43f - \U d67\23T42%5
R*WV%Sf
),+
uU - /2'vU4V*" y )),+
2%.*43wg&"7%$*),+
Vf*W5+
.%246
{1Û4f"d*2W
%5Pef
%~%S
4!T y 'q d*
%V2%$18),+
y %246
{1 --
4S2 - UQ'5*),18),+
5X ` +o5X% ` >,+5X% ` +o5X4] ` +
X -
Wdu ` >,+
WRaX -
Wdu%
5X ` R*W.>"!),+
5X% ` X -
Wdu&45Xv"+
45
X -
Wdu ` +
WRaX -
Wdu%
5X% ` R*W."!),+
5X4] ` X -
Wdu&45X%v"+
45
3 - f ` 3"uf* - R1Yh
%fV
%5g\U d6e> -
%fbX `_ V l&*z&z _ V*z _ V*)z _ V &l*z&z _ V*z _ V*),1Y[\5X,5X%Z*&!,5X%5!X4]*)w+
_ 3 - f ` 3"uf* - R1pT%U d6>z _ V(e> -
%f
&*z&z _ V*z _ V*)z _ V1Z*,5X,5X%Z*),+
- - %
:3 - f*),+

>a&!"#>&!"#%$'&"&%%$*),+

>7!"#>7!"#%$'&"&%%$*),+

>,>b!"#%$'&"(%$*),+
99(%kaa90w9(7jLr
%/>7!"'"4%748,

!"9!"%0%%*,
%*"%:l*,
%/!""Y"48,
4!4

%%"{ %%4!4%*(%%p*%*
*"
4*w>,
'>{%!,
'*W*>>'*{ !({: /> >'*% /' {:! p W*,
'*W{>>,
4
4/'4*" '*,
"* Y%%g >4%b a* * * l* * *a
%%p*%*Y
,%*,%4*,
%*4wg"7%*,
%4{4"*W%P%%4!' *%%8,
%4{4%*Q'*,8,*W

%%"{ %%4!4%*P4%74%7 b>4%
*"
P%
"b
4*w>,

'*W*!>'{ *({: / >'W/ { / W
'*W{>>,
W{ %>,
'*(44
4
'*g4'*,'4 '*,
'*g4'*4 '*,
4b'*4 '*,
4
4
4!w'8,
ab4!w'8,
4*" ''4*, W%7%4| 7
4!4

a 47 W%7%%4!b"!44a4% b>4%
*W% /!,
4/*,
%*4wg"7%*,
*W
%4{4"*W%P%%4!' *%%8,
%4{4%*Q'*,8,
"* ' W%%4!7"!4 k%a bp%4% * {p%4 *
>4%Y'Y>,Y*wYY'!w
*W% :*,

%%4!b"!4(4%l> P% 4!4%4
*W%%w ,/%4%'*w
4*wY"*%%
W'*W
*W%'*ab44
*W%'*W'"*%4*b744
4
*W%'*ab4'*,
*W%'*W'"*%4*b74'*,

a
9(7 !"$# %
99(%
&(')&
*,+.-0/21 *436587:9
0; </
>2>A@;0?.<?./=?.?.9 ?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.?,?.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.??.?.?,?.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.?,?.?
O,;B+05*W;B*D5.CF18EGX<,YZO8;2EI[4/;,36[DH,C8EISB*[8;B/27:\ J,;,HDKL+M<NH0;+0O25BP,;RQB+GCLK,;0<NH0SB58EM+M<UTVEM-05;B*
EIOW5,]0O8EI[43_^=`bac0[DC8SB[87
dS-F36587I18XD^NeV36O8EI*.O.*;Bf436587Mg.h.^N79
;-H0;
;0<d/ S-F36587I1X:9
dS-0*;,H36587I1.5,g0[DC8SB[=9
;0</
ddSS-0-0**;,;,HH3G3658X.7i7i1R1j^4X:99
>2?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.?,?.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.??.?.?,?.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.?,?.?
> k -.+052/;,H,EI*;B/2T*;BfBl,;0<NQMm2J,;,HDKL+M<NH0;+0OW5BP,;ATVnGJo+GCLK,;0<NH0SB5,+0*
O8EIpBl*;q3_rN7:9
KLSB[8-.+0E054H3,3_S4sb^j\bO8EIX *.O.? *ht;Bf8X.7:XD^B9 u87:9
p.*8EI/=9
P>2L?.+.?.-0?./=?.?.9 ?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.?,?.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.??.?.?,?.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.?,?.?
> v ;0<,;B*SB5;2O8EM-05;B*tQB+B;BO.O8E0Q,ED;0<5LHRS0</WO.*;BfBl,;0<NQMm
> *;,HDKL+M<NH0;2O,+0*25BP,;ATVnGJUQB+GCLK,;0<NH0SB5,+0*
wO,1.+0*DO8C8EI*SB5hq36zx=-.+M\bd<Sp=-09 *;,HF\bdS-q\ywQDPL; w.z EI<=36x{8X:\b|L^.^N77:9
s}PL~0O8EI*=\ ~0O8EI*.u.1.O.*;Bf.43 \GX:\6rNXD|8X.79
P>2L?.~0?.O8?.?.EI*.?.1?.S?.w?.?.H?.3bPL?.?.~0O8?.?.EI*=?.?.?.7:?.9 ?.?.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.?,?.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.??.?.?,?.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.?,?.?
> k -.+05WTVEM-05;B*2J,;,HDKL+M<NH0;tEG<2/. ?0 [8E0H d;B*LHDlNHA/;,H,EI*;B/RJ,;,HDKL+M<NH0;
K,S0lNKL-.H0;4+0549 3 z ~0O8EI*,gMKVE:\6h.^c.-.+0p8XD^43bPL~0OVEI*877:9
[,-BS ww ;-F3bx, +0*DC8S-LEI;B/tT*;BfBl,;0<NQMms6.GC8;BpSBu=7:9
m,HM5.-B*WS ;1-FHD3K *85.EG5<;05.<.O4l,3SBZ58T*EM+M;B<
fBl,;036<N/.QM8mU7:J,7:;,9 HDKL+M<NH0;U+0OW5BP,;ATVnGJRo+GCLK,;0<NH0SB5,+0*TVEM-05;B*RdLH/;,H,EI*;B/2J,;,HDKL+M<NH0;4\x,~MTL~LnM~MJR1 > p=.\bx87:9
58EI5,-B;q3HM5.*87:? 9
SB[8E0H3,sb^jX htX.XD^Bu87:9
PL+.-0/=9
K,>2S0lN?.?.H0;?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.?,?.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.??.?.?,?.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.??.?.??.?.?.?,?.?
> k -.+050d;B*S-.- T*;BfBl,;0<NQMm2J,;,HDKL+M<NH0;
O8EIpBl*;q36|87:9
KLSB[8-.+0E054H3,3_S4sb^j\b*=X\ z ~0? O8XD.EI*,^jgMKVXIE:|^B\6h.u8^7:c.9 -+0p8XD^43bPL~BO8EI*87,7:9
p.*8EI/=9
HM5.*W1HDK*8EG<5.O43ZT*;BfBl,;0<NQMmUJ,;,HDKL+M<NH0;U+0OW5BP,;Wo+GC w ? TVnGJTVEM-05;B*2dLH TVnGJUo+GCLK,;0<NH0SB5,+0*=\x,~MTL~LnM~MJU1 > p=.\bx87:9
58EI5,w-B;q3HM5.*87:9
[,m,-B-BSS w ;;-F-F33b x, 5.+05*DC8;0<.Sl,-LSBEI58;BEM/t+M<T*36/.;B8fBl,7:;0<N7:QM9 ms6.GC8;BpSBu=7:9
<,; z 1.;B*,+H3GX:\bO8EI[436[DC8SB[87.79
O,+0*Wz5.1h=YZ[DC8SB[,gBh
<,; z 365871APL~0O8?EI*436O8EI[4365,cBhNz 7.7:9
<,; 36O8EI[436[DC8SB[ 587.7W1A<,; 36587:9
;0</
K,S0lNH0;
KL-.+0w543_S4\b*.{h.^c.-.+0p8XD^q3bPL~0O8ED*87.7:9
[,-BS w ;-F3bx, +0*DC8S-LEI;B/tT*;BfBl,;0<NQMms6.GC8;BpSBu=7:9
m,-BS ;-F3 5.5;0<.l,SB58EM+M<36/.87:7:9
HM5.*W1HDK*8EG<5.O43_0d;B*S-.-RT*;BfBl,;0<NQMmRJ,;,HDKL+M<NH0;R+0OW5BP,;2o+GC w ? TVnGJRTVEM-05;B*o.S,H.Q0SB/;4\x,~MTL~LnM~MJU1 > p=.\bx87:9
UB UR $

8I,BqM.8:
8I0=, bjLD.R.B8:
B

q Uq L
B .N.. 8..M. ....,.,. . .L.M.... .I.4.6. (. .0...B.8 ...,............,.............,...

B.N 8M ,, LM. I46 ( 0.B8
A 0 2VG2VM0BW,,,
$ B . D t 8 I 8M
0
.
.B 0 RVM0B

0....B.U....
M
B NM . 0.LL L 0 LIB,jy0B . B($ R .BV

=D.4 =b4 =b.4
=b..4 =bB= = b.4
b I= B N MR. .LL L } . j M,M D , .
2 B D L 02 M0B L0
B .M.A ,. . MI0 B ...M,B B .8 M
.. .....W.. ..2..B.=. .......... .B . .I. , .. . .. ...LL. . .L ..,.............,...
0 .
0 RVM0BW,,,
B 2 M0B B . D L

b=yD
IB4qyy00..BB b : V 0..8 D.8.:

B,G .0.B.8.:
40WG. 0.G.B:
46,BB8. 6.8.:

4 y0.B.8.. =b4
, 8Iq L M D , 0 B,, L0. D.(6 = Z =G:
,BB WB NM 8M
Z I B.4 N:
,.0 B NM ,DL0
L.04G MV ... Dq 68..
8 I= F 0 LIBUB NM G =
F I ,,DL 06.8:
8I, Bq B 0 VWG2WV M0,BR ,, BW, VI , B Db b 08I M :
M. D8
0.B B BN:
4_ M.8:
B 0,btLD.R.B8:
04 .
,.0 B D L
L.0 B . D L
0 = B 8
N 4

!#"$%'&)()*+&!,"-./10324657298;:<!=?>@
ACBED
FGIHKJ
L GMINPO
QKRTS!UKRVMWVYXZJ
[\^]`_KJ
ab^]Ic+Oedfg!hMI\_!i\jkmlfKngofKnpq^XZJ
beGaISei!GrO!V
s!MiHH^]IFe]tiIu!N crVYX
QeGaISei!GrO!VTvea!GweiPVYX
cN\x ctL!\^]yu!NHPO!VYz|{ Lw G!cIi}eiectL Mu~cIioKOuXMIH)Nei)ea!GIHelI!aIu!_]GIN!i\MIH/MI\_!i\/ox)[KVR
g!hMI\_!i\^XZJ
N^]`NeGiWOcN\^XZJ
LeaIw~cIiPJ
)ei)eM!!aecc)]GIN!i\oeiece]`[u
)!iIuei\!aN!iNeioH^]GIN!i\FMiHH^]IFe]tiIu!N c
HeMI\t{âNGMu![KJ
SoxoH^]`\!gWO|MI\_!i\KRTCR^X
SoxoH^]`\!gWO|MI\_!i\KRTCRKR|FteiIS]yuKOMI\_!i!\j^+RYtff^XX
Soxo\!i`{îPO|MI\_!i\KRTCR^XZJ
_eGy{ !\^]`N!iWO!VI[\!a_ cw~cFt y{âNeGaS I_!a!N!a!_!iece]t[u IS!H^]t\CnT_ aNKVRSXZJ
)!iIuei\!aN!iUweaIu!N^]`!aN!i_FMiHH^]IFe]tiIu!N c
S!UweaIu!NxFMiHHeIN\wu~F+OSCRUwXZJ
eiN!i\t{r]yueio!\!iUweiIu~FQ!iIea^]Mw!\
dT_KRY]`qxH\!iUPOSCRYZRk!fp~XZJ
!xSCJ
)L GMIN/s!MiHH^]IFe]tiIu!N c
HeMI\x^+
GiIu![NKOSXZR
KO~X`x!PJ
iIu!_
)eGMIN/s!MiHH^]IFe]tiIu!N c
FGIHKJ
L GMINPOCRTSXZJ
[\^]`_KJ
ab^]Ic+Oedf/MI\_!i\j!glfKngfKnpq^XZJ
LeaIw~cIiPJ
)eGMINH\!iUweiIu~FQ\!iectL M!cIi
L GMINPOy]rOg!hL]XZR
gf!hGMI[^tfWOaIS^c+O
_XXXZJ
[\^]`_KJ
beGaISei!GrO!VeMI\t{â!G ]`!i_!\!iUweiIu~FQd
y{î[!aqKVYX
QeGaISei!GrO!VTea[u]`Nw!_!i}eiectL Mu~cIi,O
_^XZVYX
N^]`NeGiWO!VTea!GIHelI!aIu!_zy}]GIN!i\/_!iece]`[uei_o]`N}ei`{îb FteaIu![!ieGI[eMI\^]`N{EVYXZJ
cN\ox/ctL!\^]yu!NHPO!Voxo[He!cx)[HeLx)[KVR
g!hMI\_!i\KRH cgPRHL g~X+J
N!ibNPOfPR
PR|cN\^XZJ
ab^]Ic+OedffKn/l tpfogfq^XZJ
LeaIw~cIiPJ
)eGMINH\!iUweiIu~FQ\!iectL M!cIi)]`NoS!UweaIu!N
dT_!gPRY]`qxH\!iUPOS!UweaIu!NKRYZR
~t!g~XZJ
L GMINPOy]L]ZR
gf!hGMI[^tfWOaIS~c+O
_!g^XXX+J
[\^]`_KJ
ab^]Ic+Oedfm7l tf/gfq^XZJ
beGaISei!GrO!VeMI\t{â!G ]`!i_!\!iUweiIu~FQd
y{î[!aqKVYX
QeGaISei!GrO!VTea[u]`Nw!_!i}eiectL Mu~cIi,O
_^XZVYX
cN\ox/ctL!\^]yu!NHPO!Voxo[He!cx)[HeLx)[KVRMI\_!i\KRH crRHLXZJ
N!ibNPOfPR
PR|cN\^XZJ
cN\ox/ctL!\^]yu!NHPO!VTea!GIHelI!aIu!_mzy}]GIN!i\_!iece]`[uei_o]`N/}ei`{îb FteaIu![!ieGI[eMI\^]`N{aIu!_/weaIu!N^]`!aN!i_ms!MiHH^]IFe]tiIu!N c
Ux[S]`NO
N\wu~FIaN!i_^XZVRUwXZJ
N^]`NeGiWOcN\^XZJ
!#$'))*+!,./13679;!?
6+
)!!!e!!!!e!!!!e!
o!y !!oI!!ÎetI! ye^`/~èo`^èI!!eII!!^
I!eI!^`C
)eIeI^`m!!eII!!6y/K#eIeIeI!K#!I!!!!Ie
my!eoIo` I!eeIe I^y te!!yI!
e! `!^~o`!ÎÎI!
^|^!
e
^y!!ÎetI!

!I~Ie^~//~è!)e!Ieey!
P

eP
!^
)!!!e!!!!e!!!!e!
I!

K K
K K
|I!
!
" #$%$&"|te
^`!
o-
o/I!
!^ò$
-)
)o!e!4
5T6+)
y|I!'()*,++)
)eee|^^/eôo!ÎetI! IeI!.
I!ÎetI! o!!oI!
)e^`
!ÎetI!/
'e )
0'e1
y2
+)3&"
e!!!e!!!!e!!!!e!!
oeI! y!I)e!!ÎetI!

27 ^
eIo(
48
I!
+)
` 4

(
++o 27 ^

+)
27 ^
(
I!
I!
27 ^
`! 4
y
+)
ò!^`
:&
9 !
)$

:&
)o
oeI! y!eeeI
eI/-48 5
; ! |2+<& < :&
eI$
=)>
48 5

; ! 7 !!m
`?

< ; !2
+o) 9 !(@6A=!2+
; ! 7 !!/2)
' 9 !(
@6A=!2
+)
; ! ; !B
I!
`?

< ; !2
+o 9 !(
@6A=!2
+
; ! 7 !!-)
@6A=!2
+)
; ! ; !o 9 !(
I!
|

*=,+7 ; ! 7 !!5

I!
I!
e!!!e!!!!e!!!!e!!
e!e!trye!ÎetI!
C)I!
++)
.eI!o!e!4
eI/-48 5
eI$
=)>
48 5
|2+
.eI!
I!
I!
.eI!|2+D'|*=,+< 9 !(@6A=!2+)
EF%FHGHIJ>K&LMEONQP K RSTG%UWVYXYGHP3P K4V K GHI?S Z[E>I\J^]`_acbd_fehg i jlk%m
n5opo
q r&sutv w$xYq r&sutv wuy&z {1|A} y&~,)

v
& x()
t& xx
us w$x>{
Yx-{&
%x
~Yx}

~ut v $utuwu
Bx-4 5
t BxYq|2y&~ {&
$ x>4
t w&s v-x
y t \us w(6| 2
t w&s v>x\2)
t Bx t Dus w(6| 2)
v
y t \Bus w(6| 2
t w&s v>x-)
t Bx t Dus w(6| 2)
v
y t \& yus w(6| 2
t w&s v>x\&
t Bx t B yus w(6| 2)
v
y t \Y yus w(6| 2
t w&s v>x$
t Bx t B yus w(6| 2)
v
| dx t w&s v5
v
v

u u u
B w 1 v ( v w2
q r&sutv w$x 4|C v w&|q6)

Bx-4 5
$
x>4
q r&sutv w|2BxBq r&sutv w|2D$| yus w(6| 2)
v
v
q r&sutv w$xYq r&sutv wuy& {&~

v

u u u
Y w r&s v, 2v,
x r|q r&sutv w }(,4
2w| { y(|Atq,1|5 )
(
v | z z &c )
t ( 4| !d2\
&tq 1| u t - r&s v, * t )
u&tq 1| t&&v w&s |*())
w x ( v w | t& v,& ( v w2\ w& Y t w w Bx $x
t& 6)
w wu |#w )
x
rx
c,1[$p,uDpu(p$A6262ApD01B>*65uApfO-(
Dp2,2Y1p2>1,ApQc(Ap
HH ,2cpp
pA
D,6A,l21O!$A1Y (2#,[>Af(Ap
>Ap*6lpB%
0 (p2#l$4A1

!
#" %$
$ &$
' (

+
-,
,!0(
c uA
HH
pp
? *(, p
A4
>p p#
p Q,6
D !A,1
fp>A(lAp 21,2 p
lp
d A,
/ >p*6lAp ,1,2
1fA
22
l
D1,,
D,1 D, YO
pA1
)

*
.
2Y>1,Ap?Apf >1A(
\Ap&, >Ap*6 Dpp12(1,2
p2 A 6,D2*(1
HH
c- A,61-A
%Dp(,A
>12,[
1,
3

6,
!\#
#(p2,
7
/
+
:
c- A,61
>12,[
TppAppAYp$Apf>*6
pA1,A
4
5
08 9
, p
,># T
>2p

(p
$
4
;
A@
c- T261 - 6*
pA1,A
,p,2
HH

:?
,1Ap!
D-
<
2
0/
Dp ,
AO(Ap/Tpp%>*65
02, 2
2# \p1Op
1
$A2,*
,*(cDpp1,,(Ap
A4(,A!

>1
(p2
0/
Dp ,
pp
-A - 26
Apf
\5 56
A4(,A!
2# -4(p
> (AO
(Ap
=,
B *
A -1
$A2,*
>$
,>2 $p >,1YApA4 D*YApf>*6

B"
C ="
(p lp4,(lO \
DBEF
G D*H I%J+KMLONP4QSRTVUNWYX&Z\[P^]_a`cb`cd-NLfeg`cLcdKMhZ6NP4QSijÒbP4NLgklh\[mWnKMZZ\ÒP bo?p0LOq!r:KMhasWtNQ4KnuvÒW
klq4w4Lc`cZx4KnhZMy1Rz[Z=d-[PCy+D*{|}
G DDMI%J+KMLONP4Q~R6TUNWYX&Z\[PVy:]klh` N d-Kz[P!KnhZN d-`c[P4o
_aKnNh\duvKMP!d[5lLcKMWd-h`cWtN L)NP4Qz[uv4q dKMhlP4b`cP4KMKnh`cP4b4y0P4`cKMh\Z`d>[ 52x4[jQ4K
Z\LNP QVy[*KnuwKMh%D*{{!F
G DB'I%_0NtjÒQ5R6T2`cw4P4KMha]\sz[uvNh`cZ[P[~[jQ4q4LON d-[hgKnd>r:[hX&Z[h`cbxm0h\Q4KMhg6Knh=
ZNuv4LOKnQsPNLc[b d-[ >_aÒb`dYN L+z[P!Knh\dKMhZ\o
fh-NP4ZNWndÒ[P4Z2[PzÒh\WMq4`d-ZNP Qi&mZ=d-Knu.Zny4[LT| y [4T4my44SDt&E*YDBE{my eKMwCT
D*{{ D
G D* I%2ÒWYx4NhQ;imWYx4h\KM`cKMh]\s6Pluv4Òh\ÒWMNL:ijd-q Q [z`cbxm[hQ4Knh%im`cP4bLcK>w `cd%_aKnLcd-N'=im`cbu.N
~[jQ4q4LON d[hZ\o
hNP4ZNWndÒ[P Z%[Pz`chWnq4`cdZ%NP4Q;ijjZ\d-KnuvZMy<[LTfzsai&>H y+s6q4bq4Z\d.D*{{ yV4
!}mDn>!}}
G DtINB~T16N q4ZKnh]\fKMWYx4P [LO[bijWtNLcÒP bNP4QkfKMh=[hu.NP4WnKJ+Òuv`dYN dÒ[P4Z6`cP_aKMLdYNB
im`cbu.Nvs6PNLc[b >_aÒb`cd-NL+z[P!KMh\dKMh\Zo
klh[jWT i4zsai1{H y4~!E}'>!E{ y4NtD*{{H
G DBE'I%p0LONq4Z)Knx4Lo!R:KMZ\dÒuvuq4P4b~[PRzKMZ\WYx4LcKMq4P4`cbq4P bKMPAN q KM`cP4KMuwKnr:KMb d-KMPfh*N bKnh
Q4q hWYx)ki?q P4Q_a`cb`dYNLcK)eg`cLcdKMh\q4P4bo
imWYx h`d-KMP hKM`cx4K yCP4`cKMh\Z`dBN dQ4KMhRzq P4Q4KMZ=rzKnx4h)q4 P WYx4KMPVyKnd! yCD*{{!
G D*} IU[x P(Tklh[!NX&`cZMy_a`cuv`cdh`cZaTNP [LN Xj`cZo P!d-h[jQ4q4Wd-`c[P?d-[._aÒb`cd-NL<im`cbPNL<klh\[
WnKMZZ\ÒP bo
N WMuvÒLcLONP(klq4w4Lc`cZx4`cP4bz[u.4NP!y<D*{||
G DBF'I0hKnb[h\Nt.0[ZLc`cPo!Z`cP4b)a`cLO`cPmek0s6Zld-[%_aKMZ\ÒbP3zq4Z=d-[u_a`cb`dYNL4kh\[mWnKMZ\Z=
`cP4b_aKnjÒWnKMZ\o
6ÒLcÒPj P4WT
G D*| I0hKnb[h\Nt 0[ZLc`cP o!Z`cP4b6ÒLc`cPm eg`cKMLcQ klh[bh-Nuvu.Nw4LcK%N dKs6hhNt1#Z
ek)sZ:[hzq4Z\d[u_aÒb`cd-NL+im`cbPN L<kh\[mWnKMZ\Z`cP4bs44LcÒWMN d-`c[P4Z\o
6ÒLcÒPj P4WT
G D*{ I%Tm_a`=X&Z\dh-N ymTj_aKnbh-Nq!r:Ky4U Tm2`=u.KnPNP!d-Zny5T&jZ:os_aKnZ`cbPKnd-x [mQ4[LO[b [h
_aKnWM`cuN'd-`c[PeÒLd-KnhZ2ÒPim`cbu.N_aKnLcd-Ns0_z[P!Knh\d-KnhZ\o
zKnP&dhKimq4`cZZ\KQVlLOKnWnd-h\[P4`c&q4KKd2Q4K~ÒWnh[dKMWYx4P Ò&q4KviTsT
klh[jWT i4zsai1|Fmy4&F{'!|!my1D*{|!F
G H IU[Pv_0N'dd-[hh[6ox4K uv4LcKMuvKMP!d-N d-`c[P.[_aÒb`cd-NL eÒLd-KnhZ[hg`cbxmeÒQ4KnLO`d>5sq4Q4`c[o
lP4Z\[P4z[h\1[hN d-`c[PVyNLKMh\PVy1k1sD*{!EEmy46ims
B
# M%0tjO56B644\t6=ajC>v4cMvM!Y'-c 6a4=j-:4c:AaMMc. -
0 - MnMl4 Oz\1- O
# z4\O;aOY.n6 c!6\*z4ggccMc42c064c4
mc.'>aMY.~j44O -c~ Mj4O
+ ajmc<l\mnM\O t4 4 !B C
# 1 4-A=644cct O 2ac\-\ -nA6- .-c-(aOY zjO4zl\
nM\O
04m4 4 44 -
# %
mv 644'!gO-nvgc5c7 7g:0 4\O :cmnOm
4\!Y4

j4Mzv
CO\cO
j\MvaajO\OC 2j 44
~
t
# ')>Y4cv =cv % M4 0
! m40tjO f- Mn4n g 4+n M5<4
\B mc4c=z O?anc-'=mc.44c z&M=-M2-t
j .c
4n
1gmcOj=j- -)zcn4-M4 ! 4 4 ' YS
# )<2 -z. -n-4v-clc4Mc4cMM6\Y4-M-4\ 4anc4
mY m+ lcMnctfl4c4nMc44l4\4! 4M\"
f
# 'm&4 zz&4;6fmc44#
:4\4~-~4-c- .gO-n)aM\O$
\O (z% ;O
M\
$
f- --c4l.zcn4c4. n\MvM!!za& !4m 4& " 4
B<
# %c4M.6\44Mc \6m' Mc4M3 OY On aMnO. O4 (-n.* ) .nO Mc!-n=
O -na" v+ nM
ac4c., Mt+n4=-44 - 4) Y4cY!-n&MY4 O 4M\. ) lO4nm
) / 1n4 4l
&
# 0 cOc.42cY&M5=00V>6\ znM!>24\<nO Mz OY On3a1 nO. O4 (-n
- 4
) \O.'4MYB>vm 4OcM=-0ac4nccM
ac4c., Mt>4\c ?* 4) OcMvnO4lcM!-\-nY44c^ 4~O&\mnOn& O
4cM\. ) 2 c4cl
3 )O\Mz4) vvO4-m\1n4c4- a2M4\a<
jv.-\O)4
n4\c5gccM4
~4-c4c %4)-v%gccM\
5
f-4nO4l6n4=-cMMmmMnY 4mO4l\mnM\O 4! a4 g j
44B*> anM+
3 M)7
658 azn!-4n: 9C444 4V6O; Occ\6 4Oct'-cS:gO-n
m4M4c4v-M4n>!-n- =z! ~aMnO. Ogc-M\
<.=>
?A@B@B@DCFE,GHI,GJ#K,LMHNIOMHQPLSRHGT4UVEMJ#W1I,ILHNRXZYBMT\[]_^ = Xa`bM]dcXdeef^ =g.h î g XdjW1kl]
< >>g
m3n cpoqGrLsftN]_uMMsv&GH8X_wxLSJ-yGW1TztN]:{|GETW~}`bLSHWq2LSRLK-GTaj_LSTSK,W1E,I'ME%q2W1J1LSv&GK+LSMH
GHNsx?"HK+W#E,e;MTGK+LSMH
?A@B@B@DCFE,GHI,GJ#K,LMHNIOMHbJ1J1NIK+LSJ1I#X4Pe;W1W#J-y8X4PLSRHGT|UBEMJ#W1II,LSHRXaYBMT]V2PPNU h c = X
ee < c <~h-< ciXNeNE,LST < >gg
m3nn o4Mk;W1EK]lsGvI,q2W1ILRHGHs?"veTW#vW1HK-GK,LMH$MdGHsLSM < ph" LKHGTMR h
K,M h q2LSRLK-GT8{ZMHrW1EK+W#E2bILHNRrW#E,I,GveTLSHROCFW#J-yHLSNW1I,
tMNE,HGTM_bsLSM@VHRLSHW#W1E,LSHRPMJ#LW~K"}XYBMT\] n ^X`bM] n XwGE,J-y < > i
m3n ô4Mk;W1EK4]bsGvIH?{{ZyLSePW#K4'MEc hA L K4q{ZMHrW#E,ILMHN
tMNE,HGTM_bsLSM@VHRLSHW#W1E,LSHRPMJ#LW~K"}XYBMT\] n
X `bM]iNXtHW < >>
m3n = o%PNGJ-yLH5UF]uyGHNW1pGE1XPG ZGIs5CFGHK-GE,GK-GHGGHsW~4LI%@z]jE+GH/I,q2W#I,LSRH$GHs
bE,J-yLK+W#J#K+NE,W&MawxTK+LSeTSLW#E h jEW1W&j_?Aj_LTK+W#E,I0I,LSHRUFW1ELMsLSJGTST}CzLvW h YdGE}LSHR
CW1EHGE}x{ZMW#&J#LW#H/K,I,
?A@B@B@CFE,GHI,GJ#K,LMHNIbMHx{ZLSE,J#LSK,I2GHNsP/}IK+W#v&I#X;YBMT]^X`bM] = X;wG} < >> n
m3n io%PNGJ-yLHUF]/uyGHNW1pGEBGHsOPNGZGI,sOC_GH/K+GE+GpK-GHG+PLRHNW1s h 2
q LRLK h" GIW1sOwxTK+LSeTSLW#E h
jE,W#WW1GTLSGpK+LSMHIz'MEwxTK+LSE+GpK+W!{ZMHrW1EK+W#E,I,
?A@B@B@CFE,GHI,GJ#K,LMHNIbMHxPLSRHGTUBEMJ#W1II,LSHRXYBMT\]^ n X`M] n X;wGE,J-y < >>=
m3n g o%PNGJ-yLHUF]u0yGHW1pGEGHNsPG ZGIsCFGHK-GE,GK-GHG {ZTGI,IMObLSRy h UBEW1J#LILMH
wxNTSK,LeTSLSW1E h jE,W1WjF?Aj_LSTK+W1EW1GTLSGpK+LSMHI4LK+yUFW#E,LSMsNLJ1GTT}CzLSvW h YdGE}LSHR${ZM h
W~OJ#LW#HK+I,
?A@B@B@CFE,GHI,GJ#K,LMHNIbMHxPLSRHGTUBEMJ#W1II,LSHRXYBMT\]^ n X`M]^XbeE,LST < >>=
m3n o%PG hA LPK+W#eyGHLSWPyNLyq2LRLK-GT{ZMv!kj_LSTK+W1EO?"veTW#vW1HK-GK,LMH'ME&K,yW7bO
2q{ZMH/rW1EK+W1E
wGIK+W#EK,yW1ILI#XGIyLSHRK+MHPK+GK+WabHLrW#E,ILSK"}XPJ-yMMT/M@VTSW1J#K,E,LSJGTGHs{ZMveNK,W1E
PJ#LW#HJ1WX8wxG } < >>=
m3n > o2dMHNR{ZyLSHRLSvXztMI,W#ey ]a@:rGHI1X W#sW7LSbH@:&J1LSW1HK LK h PW1ELGTbjF?A
j_LSTK+W1E4bE,J-yLK+W#J#K+NE,W1
q2W#eGEK,vW1HKM:@VTSW1J#K,E,LSJGT@VHRLSHW#W1E,LSHRX;`bGK+LSMHGT8bHLrW#E,I,LK"}M:PLHNRGe;ME,W

Decimation Low Pass Filter For Sigma-Delta Modulators

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Decimation Low Pass Filter For Sigma-Delta Modulators

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы



   !"#$

*+-43&+; 5<= 9+>?, 2

!#"$&%'%#()* +,-%#./,01324657 !*8

; =ta  h - !>t

#"%$&a  (')+*>'+

,+  -  %a.c1 /TX- +a/%Z[  t+W 

0 [-- !a211 43.5'>'768 9 :ak Z1;a- t{tX cia 

TX[WX[=t 4$&a =<ZW ?>@A3T k!a.BC D Z.aX

WG +J KWL Z

MONQPSRT%UWVWX8RYZ\[]ZS[_^_Za`cb@`cb#d9e(RY,RP!f(T#ghdjik[cd:RmlnR7ipoR7icdrqsdjT `tdjiuWeQdj^_v w7ic`:u x_y

  5- ..

c7  Lp

.0/2143657. 8:9<;2=?>@,8:A ++4++4+4++4++4+B++4+4++4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++ *

p[TQ ^SW  ppV

   "%p32332323423323233234232332\9

nA@ yz+y<C $Q

9A@ yz+y<C $Q

1_+?P@7+K Ah5] ;[93UC $Q

19C K A??+[?Af9<$ ])+? C$

1_+?Pb7+K AS9hSC $' ?@C

3 e4'?C $=e?

D_C K h+'?P@7+K h<I7 ?ZG <Ih4h44hh R

C K h+'?P@7+K 4

89;::=<?>@@A>BDCFEHGJIDIDKJLNM OQP RTSVUTW&XHGZY\[^]`_3abGZY+cedD>BfY\GJUg> YLhCFibMjL7kml7GnL7BoY@p9N9.9.]]`_

 DoD7{hFbj7m7n7o5 ?7+JJhHHJ'j\j

      !

;&5 2H HQmiH2.N2

XY$Z\[^]`_a Y(Y(Z9Z9[[ ]cbedMfg Z9Z h h g dMfi Z\Z h h i dkjjjdlfm Z\Z h h m

{ y ub t O z1y {V | C {1y zu{1

0 11 1o 1 EC1/ 1  C11+" "T

`abdc'bfe]gihkjmlnab opj"j'qprsutvc'bdwyxb(rz]{=|8e~}lnab j"l'=oqprsutvc'bdwyxb(rz]{uprse~}Jlnabj'pWoDhkr

`abdc'be~}V hDjl'abijln=oqprstvc"b(w8xb(rzd{=|eg lnabopj"j'qprsWtvc"b(w8xbdrzd{prsWe~} lnabhDroxl

64]/^``SSdRc"66chWSuc &4c"F SH

44Yw4cHS644]` FSW4F]F6FOwuc34\66(w64 + c64 D4F+4 4F

4 44F SHF6 6w4F4

wucO44"4F 4FF4S4Hc4e644@]S4 FwuF

64]/gNS]F & ]/66FwucFF6Hc6

z|{}(~}W~2 ~#"@`d}@}2"(}{}@s}(K }h} }(~h2~}

W{%}2%W27{} # }2{}2 "~%}(h}~}( }

7 },2 #" }@{}`}(@2}(")"~<{%}}(h}~%}>~C@~{}

Q N[[4 h*h P["o U[f.~".9" *Ih[ I 

%h &('*,- )+ 32 

7 &8'*,- )9 32 ;:   2 32=< 

 L# " 9I # f[ J#" >[ N 

"U4~ 1 [ #" *o 3/ "% Q mf  4 xm

RG 5 1 RI $_G*  ^ KMjI _ h

?K8 I;<ML-> : .N, 0OQPR8 , C .K,

<Z.X,/. C ,7E 9P

C '*`a.N,/. PT: '1E : ' 8PMbY#"cMd@egfBh

?K8 II;+ : E : '\[.

Ua.K, Ji8 ,/I. C

4 EIU->1' P )=,HE : . 0rq

#0*#32]jXkl8 I;<m&'1> : .K,

' :H6:H6 ' 4

8@C '\L ? E : ' 8PWV-9

. ? '*IpE : ' 8P

E P-Cu:76 .tU-, 8@? . 474 ' P )p,HE : .wvyxz3{ 0

Merged comb 4 Filter

,/.N)' 4/: .N, 4

#01#325476-8394;:76 .=<-> 8@?BADC 'FEG),HEI

E 474 <gE P-C}n

s/-3lH] =-\H]- /N7Z-/N

!"#$

*+-43&+;5<= 9+>?, 2

!#"$&%'%#()* +,-%#./,01324657 !*8

; =ta h - !>t

#"%$&a (')+*>'+

,+ -%a.c1 /TX- +a/%Z[ t+W

0 [-- !a21143.5'>'7689 :akZ1;a- t{tX cia

TX[WX[=t 4$&a =<ZW ?>@A3T k!a.BCDZ.aX

WG +JKWLZ

MONQPSRT%UWVWX8RYZ\[]ZS[_^_Za`cb@`cb#d9e(RY,RP!f(T#ghdjik[cd:RmlnR7ipoR7icdrqsdjT `tdjiuWeQdj^_v w7ic`:ux_y

5- ..

c7Lp

.0/2143657. 8:9<;2=?>@,8:A ++4++4+4++4++4+B++4+4++4++4+4++4+B++4++4+4++ *

p[TQ ^SWppV

"%p32332323423323233234232332\9

nA@yz+y<C$Q

9A@yz+y<C$Q

1_+?P@7+KAh5];[93UC$Q

19CKA??+[?Af9<$])+?C$

1_+?Pb7+KAS9hSC$'?@C

3e4'?C$=e?

D_CKh+'?P@7+Kh<I7 ?ZG <Ih4h44hhR

CKh+'?P@7+K4

89;::=<?>@@A>BDCFEHGJIDIDKJLNM OQPRTSVUTW&XHGZY\[^]`_3abGZY+cedD>BfY\GJUg> YLhCFibMjL7kml7GnL7BoY@p9N9.9.]]`_

DoD7{hFbj7m7n7o5?7+JJhHHJ'j\j

!

;&5 2H HQmiH2.N2

XY$Z\[^]`_a Y(Y(Z9Z9[[ ]cbedMfg Z9Z h h g dMfi Z\Z h h i dkjjjdlfm Z\Z h h m

{ y ub t Oz1y {V | C{1y zu{1

011 1o 1 EC1/ 1 C11+" "T

`abdc'bfe]gihkjmlnab opj"j'qprsutvc'bdwyxb(rz]{=|8e~}lnab j"l'=oqprsutvc'bdwyxb(rz]{uprse~}Jlnabj'pWoDhkr

`abdc'be~}V hDjl'abijln=oqprstvc"b(w8xb(rzd{=|eg lnabopj"j'qprsWtvc"b(w8xbdrzd{prsWe~} lnabhDroxl

64]/^``SSdRc"66chWSuc &4c"F SH

44Yw4cHS644]` FSW4F]F6FOwuc34\66(w64 +c64 D4F+4 4F

444F SHF66w4F4

wucO44"4F4FF4S4Hc4e644@]S4FwuF

64]/gNS]F &]/66FwucFF6Hc6

z|{}(~}W~2 ~#"@`d}@}2"(}{}@s}(K }h} }(~h2~}

W{%}2%W27{} # }2{}2 "~%}(h}~}( }

7 },2#" }@{}`}(@2}(")"~<{%}}(h}~%}>~C@~{}

Q N[[4 hh P["oU[f.~".9" Ih[ I

%h &('*,- )+ 32

7 &8'*,- )9 32 ;: 2 32=<

L# " 9I # f[J#" >[ N

"U4~ 1 [ #" *o3/ "% Q mf 4 xm

RG 51 RI$_G* ^ KMjI _ h

?K8 I;<ML-> : .N, 0OQPR8 , C .K,

<Z.X,/. C ,7E 9P

?K8 II;+ : E : '\[.

Ua.K, Ji8 ,/I. C

4 EIU->1' P )=,HE : . 0rq

#0*#32]jXkl8 I;<m&'1> : .K,

' :H6:H6 ' 4

8@C '\L ? E : ' 8PWV-9

#01#325476-8394;:76 .=<-> 8@?BADC 'FEG),HEI

s/-3lH]=-\H]-/N7Z-/N

\H @lNR-!HK71]H-pp ];]1;/ YN!H*

_`aYbdc >X Eegf)bihd`j8flkmkncpo^qS`QknhirotsurvlknwUcyxzr{ya|xl`Qjm}` P c

~hiqUvc >Xd> GYe`oYhikmq P c%cpjmroUjcyrs`xl`jm}]` P c P xzr{a~hibikmc]v=8hknwA'c]}]hi{`Qknhiro

dUm iU-;d: Qn

i n m ) p ]l Un 'UmS U mp^U U<;Yu i

Y # n u S n2 iU d@ U@ n iUU y=

= n ] U< :u 8' p i%i

Umg= ) U@8 <Y5 )i; m <

!"$#&%'(")

-.0/213.5476)821:9;13<2=>?8A@BDCFE *HGJI 9K>L15.M;N7O9KPJORQSNFN?M;<2=9;1T-.?/U13.34F6)821WVX8YO<2=15N7MZ<[>?821:-,\15.LO9;9

] -.J>L821F1ry2OHpzdU9Z1 N?82-,P$<xMZ< j ;M =_2.?1 * 4 *,{ M;N

j MZ=_2.?1 * 4 lkAmn 9Z-SVXohCMZO=.LOHpq- ] >L821F9;13<2=H>L8A@rBsCFE HGt -pua

6)8217>?.LO<2N ] 13. ] _2<2V>LM;-<

j M;=_2.01 * 4 ,{Um j .?15^S_U13<2VQ15N?db-<2N?1 - ] >L821F9;13<2=H>L8A@rBsCFE HGt -pua

I 9K>L15./U13N?M;=<_2N?M;<2=V3-pua

j M;9K>L13. { v0w-.?/215.

U:?2,$$L2F2;SXh2HLz5Wh' YKL5c3?327$KLf0e53KYRL;2$

?353TR0Tx!S2KY35W0L025?2?232HL3u0Y0e5235W2;?3 Y

KL!L2$0Y?b3U35W!YKL53c0cH2Z)? 032U3$L2$Y0?YH220AH2!R

5!Y?5L?2T3`3L;YH3u2;?33 ;20

?Ul$?2W?eZHf?2

YKL53gL;L;2L2u?5SUZ03!3LF;?;Z;3[30?27b3gz25TZY0ZHL5

H2.*/02ZU? 1 ?Ul$$LUF03`2525&03?b207JL2;

2&:25RhU2;J :-C :-7ED U?27,5L;L?2g3