Ferrari

This article is about the automobile manufacturer. For

the 2003 biographical lm, see Ferrari (lm). For other
uses, see Ferrari (disambiguation).
Ferraris redirects here. For the surname, see Ferraris
(surname).

World War II it saw little competition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained
ever since. The factory was bombed by the Allies in 1944
and rebuilt in 1946, after the war ended, and included a
works for road car production.

Coordinates: 443157N 105151E / 44.532447N

10.864137E
Ferrari S.p.A. is an Italian luxury sports car
manufacturer based in Maranello. Founded by Enzo
Ferrari in 1929, as Scuderia Ferrari, the company
sponsored drivers and manufactured race cars before
moving into production of street-legal vehicles as Ferrari
S.p.A. in 1947. Fiat acquired 50% of Ferrari in 1969
and expanded its stake to 85% in 2008.[4] In 2014 Fiat
announced its intentions to sell its share in Ferrari, as
of the announcement Fiat owned 90% of Ferrari.[5][6]
Throughout its history, the company has been noted
for its continued participation in racing, especially in
Formula One, where it has had great success. Ferrari
road cars are generally seen as a symbol of speed, luxury
and wealth.

166MM Barchetta 212/225

The rst Ferrari road car was the 1947 125 S, powered
by a 1.5 L V12 engine; Enzo Ferrari reluctantly built and
sold his automobiles to fund Scuderia Ferrari.[7]
Early in 1969, Fiat took a 50% stake in Ferrari. An immediate result was an increase in available investment
funds, and work started at once on a factory extension
intended to transfer production from Fiats Turin plant of
the Ferrari engined Fiat Dino. New model investment
further up in the Ferrari range also received a boost.

History

Main article: History of Ferrari

In 1988, Enzo Ferrari oversaw the launch of the Ferrari

F40, the last new Ferrari to be launched before his death
later that year, and arguably one of the most famous
supercars ever made. From 2002 to 2004, Ferrari produced the Enzo, their fastest model at the time, which was
introduced and named in honor of the companys founder,
Enzo Ferrari. It was to be called the F60, continuing on
from the F40 and F50, but Ferrari was so pleased with it,
they called it the Enzo instead. It was initially oered to
loyal and reoccurring customers, each of the 399 made
(minus the 400th which was donated to the Vatican for
charity) had a price tag of $650,000 apiece (equivalent to
400,900).

Enzo Ferrari was not initially interested in the idea of

producing road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari
(literally Ferrari Stable) and usually used to mean
Team Ferrari, it is correctly pronounced [skuderia])
in 1928 as a sponsor for amateur drivers headquartered in
Modena. Ferrari prepared, and successfully raced, various drivers in Alfa Romeo cars until 1938, when he was
hired by Alfa Romeo to head their motor racing department.
In 1941, Alfa Romeo was conscated by the fascist government of Benito Mussolini as part of the Axis Powers' war eort. Enzo Ferraris division was small enough
to be unaected by this. Because he was prohibited by
contract from racing for four years, the Scuderia briey
became Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari, which ostensibly
produced machine tools and aircraft accessories. Also
known as SEFAC (Scuderia Enzo Ferrari Auto Corse),
Ferrari did in fact produce one race car, the Tipo 815, in
the non-competition period. It was the rst actual Ferrari car (it debuted at the 1940 Mille Miglia), but due to

On 15 September 2012, 964 Ferrari cars (worth over

$162 million (equivalent to 99,950,000)) attended the
Ferrari Driving Days event at Silverstone Circuit and
paraded round the Silverstone Circuit setting a world
record.[8]
Ferraris former CEO and Chairman, Luca di Montezemolo, resigned from the company after 23 years, and
is to be succeeded by Sergio Marchionne, CEO and
1

MOTORSPORT

Chairman of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ferraris parent

company.[9]
On 29 October 2014, the FCA group, resulting from
the merger between manufacturers Fiat and Chrysler, announced the split of its luxury brand, Ferrari. The aim is
to turn Ferrari into an independent brand which 10% of
Scuderia Ferrari won a Formula One drivers title in 2007, with
stake will be sold in an IPO in 2015.[10]
Kimi Rikknen.

Motorsport
For a complete list of Ferrari racing cars, see
List of Ferrari competition cars.

Ferrari 312T2 Formula One car driven by Niki Lauda

(1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1979,

2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2007) 16 World Constructors Championship titles (1961, 1964, 1975, 1976,
1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
2004, 2007 and 2008), 221 Grand Prix victories, 6736.27
points, 679 podium nishes, 207 pole positions, and 230
fastest laps in 890 Grands Prix contested. Of the 19
tracks used in 2014, 8 have lap records set by the Ferrari
F2004, with a further 3 set by the Ferrari F2003-GA,
Ferrari F2008 and Ferrari F10.
Ferrari drivers include Tazio Nuvolari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Luigi Chinetti, Alberto Ascari, Wolfgang von Trips,
Phil Hill, Olivier Gendebien, Mike Hawthorn, Peter
Collins, Giancarlo Baghetti, John Surtees, Lorenzo Bandini, Ludovico Scarotti, Jacky Ickx, Mario Andretti,
Clay Regazzoni, Niki Lauda, Carlos Reutemann, Jody
Scheckter, Gilles Villeneuve, Didier Pironi, Patrick Tambay, Ren Arnoux, Michele Alboreto, Gerhard Berger,
Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost, Jean Alesi, Eddie Irvine,
Rubens Barrichello, Michael Schumacher, Kimi Rikknen, Felipe Massa, and Fernando Alonso.

Since the companys beginnings, Ferrari has been involved in motorsport, competing in a range of categories
including Formula One and sports car racing through its
Scuderia Ferrari sporting division as well as supplying
cars and engines to other teams and for one make race
series.

At the end of the 2006 season, the team courted controversy by continuing to allow Marlboro to sponsor them
after they, along with the other F1 teams, made a promise
to end sponsorship deals with tobacco manufacturers. A
ve-year deal was agreed and although this was not due
to end until 2011, in April 2008 Marlboro dropped their
The 1940 AAC 815 was the rst racing car to be designed on-car branding on Ferrari.
by Enzo Ferrari, although it was not badged as a Ferrari
The drivers competing for 2009 were Felipe Massa and
model.
Kimi Rikknen. In 2010 Fernando Alonso started racing for Ferrari after racing for Renault, Minardi and
McLaren, lling Kimi Rikknens former seat.
2.1 Scuderia Ferrari
Main article: Scuderia Ferrari
Scuderia Ferrari has participated in several classes of motorsport, though it is currently only ocially involved in
Formula One. It is the only team to have competed in the
Formula One World Championship continuously since its
inception in 1950. Jos Froiln Gonzlez gave the team
its rst F1 victory at the 1951 British Grand Prix.
Alberto Ascari gave Ferrari its rst Drivers Championship a year later. Ferrari is the oldest team in the
championship, and the most successful: the team holds
nearly every Formula One record. As of 2014, the teams
records include 15 World Drivers Championship titles

In addition to Formula One, Ferrari also entered cars in

sportscar racing, the two programs existing in parallel for
many years.
In 1949, Luigi Chinetti drove a 166 M to Ferraris rst
win in motorsports, the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Ferrari went on to dominate the early years of the World
Sportscar Championship which was created in 1953, winning the title seven out of its rst nine years.
When the championship format changed in 1962, Ferrari earned titles in at least one class each year through to
1965 and then again in 1967. Ferrari would win one nal title, the 1972 World Championship of Makes before
Enzo decided to leave sports car racing after 1973 and
allow Scuderia Ferrari to concentrate solely on Formula

3
with Ferrari GT racers over the years. This car, made for
endurance sportscar racing to be competed against such
racing versions of the Audi R8, McLaren MP4-12C, and
BMW Z4 has proven to be successful, but not as successful as its predecessor, the F430. The Ferrari Challenge is
a one make racing series for the Ferrari 458. The FXX is
not road legal, and is therefore only used for track events.

3 Road cars
A 312PB (driven by Jacky Ickx) during the teams nal year in
the World Sportscar Championship.

For a complete list, including future and concept

car models, see List of Ferrari road cars.

One.
During Ferraris seasons of the World Sportscars Championship, they also gained more wins at the 24 Hours of
Le Mans, with the factory team earning their rst in 1954.
Another win would come in 1958, followed by ve consecutive wins from 1960 to 1964. Luigi Chinettis North
American Racing Team (NART) would take Ferraris nal victory at Le Mans in 1965.
Although Scuderia Ferrari no longer participated in
sports cars after 1973, they have occasionally built various successful sports cars for privateers. These include
the BB 512 LM in the 1970s, the 333 SP which won the
IMSA GT Championship in the 1990s, and currently the
458 GT2 and GT3 which are currently winning champi- Ferrari 166 Inter Coupe Touring
onships in their respective classes.

2.2

Race cars for other teams

3.1 Current models

Throughout its history, Ferrari has supplied racing cars to Ferraris rst vehicle was the 125 S sports/racing model.
other entrants, aside from its own works Scuderia Ferrari In 1949, the Ferrari 166 Inter, the companys rst move
team.
into the grand touring market, which continues to make
In the 1950s and '60s, Ferrari supplied Formula One cars up the bulk of Ferrari sales to the present day.
to a number of private entrants and other teams. One fa- Several early cars featured bodywork customised by a
mous example was Tony Vandervell's team, which raced number of coachbuilders such as Pininfarina, Zagato and
the Thinwall Special modied Ferraris before building Bertone.
their own Vanwall cars. The North American Racing
The Dino was the rst mid-engined Ferrari. This layout
Team's entries in the nal three rounds of the 1969 season were the last occasions on which a team other than would go on to be used in most Ferraris of the 1980s and
1990s. V8 Ferrari models make up well over half of the
Scuderia Ferrari entered a World Championship Grand
marques total production.
Prix with a Ferrari car.[11]
Ferrari supplied cars complete with V8 engines for the For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined
A1 Grand Prix series, from the 2008-09 season.[12] The V8 cars. Although they looked quite dierent from their
car was designed by Rory Byrne and is styled to resemble 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were
closely related to the 308 GTB.
the 2004 Ferrari Formula one car.
Ferrari currently runs a customer GT program for a racing version of its 458 model, and has done so for the 458s
predecessors, dating back to the 355 in the late 1990s.
Such private teams as the American Risi Competizione
and Italian AF Corse teams have been very successful

The company has also produced front-engined 2+2 cars,

culminating in the current California.
Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the
Berlinetta Boxer in 1973. The later Testarossa remains
one of the most famous Ferraris.

3.2

Supercars

ROAD CARS

design is done by Ferrari, sometimes in cooperation with

external design houses like Pininfarina or Fioravanti, and
the vehicles receive full homologation to be road legal.[15]
The rst car to be completed under this programme
was the 2008 Ferrari SP1, commissioned by a Japanese
business executive, the second was the P540 Superfast
Aperta, commissioned by an American collector.[15] The
following is a list of Special Projects cars that have been
made public:

3.4 Bio-fuel and hybrid cars

Enzo Ferrari

The companys loftiest eorts have been in the supercar

market. The 1962 250 GTO may be considered the rst
in the line of Ferrari supercars, which extends to the recent LaFerrari model.

3.3

Concept cars and specials

Ferrari has considered making hybrids; for example, a

F430 Spider that runs on ethanol was displayed at the
2008 Detroit Auto Show. Ferrari has announced that a
hybrid will be in production by 2015. At the 2010 Geneva
Motor Show, Ferrari unveiled a hybrid version of their
agship 599 Also in mid 2014 the LaFerrari was put
into production. Called the HY-KERS Concept, Ferraris hybrid system adds more than 100 horsepower on
top of the 599 Fioranos 612 HP.[23]

3.5 Naming conventions

Until the early 1980s, Ferrari followed a three-number
naming scheme based on engine displacement:

Ferrari P4/5

Ferrari has produced a number of concept cars, such as

the Ferrari Mythos. While some of these were quite radical (such as the Ferrari Modulo) and never intended for
production, others such as the Ferrari Mythos have shown
styling elements which were later incorporated into production models.
The most recent concept car to be produced by Ferrari
themselves was the 2010 Ferrari Millechili.
A number of one-o special versions of Ferrari road cars
have also been produced, commissioned to coachbuilders
by wealthy owners. Recent examples include the Ferrari
P4/5 by Pininfarina[14] and the Ferrari 612 Kappa.
3.3.1

Ferrari Special Projects

The Special Projects programme was launched in the late

2000s as Ferraris ultimate in-house personalization service, enabling customers to own bespoke bodied one-os
based on modern Ferrari road cars.[15] Engineering and

V6 and V8 models used the total displacement (in

decilitres) for the rst two digits and the number of
cylinders as the third. Thus, the 206 was a 2.0 L V6
powered vehicle, while the 348 used a 3.4 L V8, although, for the F355, the last digit refers to 5 valves
per cylinder. Upon introduction of the 360 Modena,
the digits for V8 models (which now carried a name
as well as a number) refer only to total engine displacement. The numerical indication aspect of this
name carried on to the F430, however the F430s
replacement, the 458 Italia uses the same naming as
the 206 and 348.
V12 models used the displacement (in cubic centimetres) of one cylinder. Therefore, the famed 365
Daytona had a 4390 cc V12. However, some newer
V12-engined Ferraris, such as the 599, have threenumber designations that refer only to total engine
displacement.
Flat 12 (boxer) models used the displacement in
litres for the rst digit and the number of cylinders
for the next two digits. Therefore, the BB 512 was
ve litre at 12 (a Berlinetta Boxer, in this case).
However, the original Berlinetta Boxer was the 365
GT4 BB, which was named in a similar manner to
the V12 models.
Halo Car F followed by the anniversary in years,
such as the F40 and F50. The Enzo skipped this

5
rule, although the F60 name was applied to a Fer- commemorates Ferraris triple success in the February
rari Formula One car and is sometimes attached to 1967 24 Hours of Daytona with the 330 P4.[24] Only in
the Enzo.
the 1973 Daytona 24 Hours, a 365 GTB/4 model run by
NART (who raced Ferraris in America) ran second, be Some models, such as the 1980 Mondial and the hind a Porsche 911.[25]
1984 Testarossa did not follow a three-number namThe various Dino models were named for Enzos son,
ing scheme.
Dino Ferrari, and were marketed as Dinos by Ferrari and
sold at Ferrari dealersfor all intents and purposes they
are Ferraris.
In the mid-1990s, Ferrari added the letter F to the beginning of all models (a practice abandoned after the
F512 M and F355, but adopted again with the F430, but
not with its successor, the Ferrari 458 ).

4 Identity

612 Scaglietti Sessanta Edition

Most Ferraris were also given designations referring to

their body style. In general, the following conventions
were used:
M (Modicata), placed at the end of a models
number, denotes a modied version of its predecessor and not a complete evolution (see F512 M and
575 M Maranello).
GTB (Gran Turismo Berlinetta) models are Ferrari head oce and factory
closed Berlinettas, or coupes.
GTS (Gran Turismo Spyder) in older models, are
open Spyders (spelt y), or convertibles (see 365
GTS/4); however, in more recent models, this sux
is used for targa top models (see Dino 246 GTS, and
F355 GTS; the exception being the 348 TS, which
is the only targa named dierently). The convertible
models now use the sux Spider (spelt i) (see
F355 Spider, and 360 Spider).
GTO (Gran Turismo Omologata), placed at the
end of a models number, denotes a modied version of its predecessor. Indeed, those three letters
designate a model which has been designed and improved for racetrack use while still being a streetCount Francesco Baracca
legal model. Only three models bear those three letters; the 250 GTO of 1962, the 288 GTO of 1984 The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is the
and the 599 GTO of 2010.
Cavallino Rampante (prancing horse) black prancing
stallion on a yellow shield, usually with the letters S F (for
This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely Scuderia Ferrari), with three stripes of green, white and
dierent vehicles used the same engine type and body red (the Italian national colors) at the top. The road cars
style. Many Ferraris also had other names axed (like have a rectangular badge on the hood (see picture at top
Daytona) to identify them further. Many such names are of page), and, optionally, the shield-shaped race logo on
actually not ocial factory names. The Daytona name the sides of both front wings, close to the door.

6
On 17 June 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the Savio
track in Ravenna where he met the Countess Paolina,
mother of Count Francesco Baracca, an ace of the Italian
air force and national hero of World War I, who used
to paint a horse on the side of his planes. The Countess asked Enzo to use this horse on his cars, suggesting
that it would bring him good luck. The original prancing horse on Baraccas airplane was painted in red on
a white cloud-like shape, but Ferrari chose to have the
horse in black (as it had been painted as a sign of grief on
Baraccas squadron planes after the pilot was killed in action) and he added a canary yellow background as this is
the color of the city of Modena, his birthplace. The Ferrari horse was, from the very beginning, markedly different from the Baracca horse in most details, the most
noticeable being the tail that in the original Baracca version was pointing downward.
Ferrari has used the cavallino rampante on ocial company stationery since 1929. Since the Spa 24 Hours of 9
July 1932, the cavallino rampante has been used on Alfa
Romeos raced by Scuderia Ferrari.
The motif of a prancing horse is old, it can be found on
ancient coins. A similar black horse on a yellow shield is
the Coat of Arms of the German city of Stuttgart, home
of Mercedes-Benz and the design bureau of Porsche,
both being main competitors of Alfa and Ferrari in the
1930s. The citys name derives from Stutengarten, an ancient form of the German word Gestt, which translates
into English as stud farm and into Italian as scuderia.
Porsche also includes the Stuttgart sign in its corporate
logo, centred in the emblem of the state of Wrttemberg.
Stuttgarts Rssle has both rear legs rmly planted on the
soil, like Baraccas horse, but unlike Ferraris cavallino.
Fabio Taglioni used the cavallino rampante on his Ducati
motorbikes, as Taglioni was born at Lugo di Romagna
like Baracca, and his father too was a military pilot during WWI (although not part of Baraccas squadron, as is
sometimes mistakenly reported). As Ferraris fame grew,
Ducati abandoned the horse- perhaps the result of a private agreement between the two companies.

5 CORPORATE AFFAIRS

4.1 Colour
Main article: Rosso corsa
Since the 1920s, Italian race cars of Alfa Romeo,
Maserati and later Ferrari and Abarth were (and often
still are) painted in race red (Rosso Corsa). This was
the customary national racing color of Italy, as recommended between the World Wars by the organizations
that later would become the FIA. It refers to the nationality of the competing team, not that of the car manufacturer or driver. In that scheme, French-entered cars such
as Bugatti were blue, German such as Benz and Mercedes
white (since 1934 also bare sheet metal silver), and British
green such as the mid-1960s Lotus and BRM, for instance.
Ferrari won the 1964 World championship with John Surtees by competing the last two races in North America
with cars painted in the US-American race colors white
and blue, as these were not entered by the Italian factory
themselves, but by the U.S.-based North American Racing Team (NART) team. This was done as a protest concerning arguments between Ferrari and the Italian Racing Authorities regarding the homologation of a new midengined Ferrari race car.

5 Corporate aairs
In 1963, Enzo Ferrari was approached by the Ford Motor
Company about a possible buy over. Ford audited Ferraris assets but legal negotiations and talks were unilaterally cut o by Ferrari when he realized that the deal offered by Ford would not enable him to stay at the helm
of the company racing program. Henry Ford II consequently directed his racing division to negotiate with
Lotus, Lola, and Cooper to build a car capable of beating
Ferrari on the world endurance circuit, eventually resulting in the production of the Ford GT40 in 1964.
As the Ford deal fell through, FIAT approached Ferrari
with a more exible proposal and purchased controlling
interests in the company in 1969. Enzo Ferrari retained
a 10% share, which is currently owned by his son Piero
Lardi Ferrari.

Austrian fuel stations

Ferrari has an internally managed merchandising line that

licenses many products bearing the Ferrari brand, inThe cavallino rampante is the visual symbol of Ferrari. cluding eyewear, pens, pencils, electronic goods, perCavallino Magazine uses the name, but not the logo. fume, cologne, clothing, high-tech bicycles, watches, cell
Other companies use similar logos: Avanti, an Austrian phones and laptop computers.
company operating over 100 lling stations, uses a pranc- Ferrari also runs a museum, the Museo Ferrari in
ing horse logo which is nearly identical to Ferraris, as Maranello, which displays road and race cars and other
does Iron Horse Bicycles and Norfolk Southern Railway. items from the companys history.

5.1

Technical partnerships

[11] Hayhoe, David & Holland, David (2006). Grand Prix

Data Book (4th edition). Haynes, Sparkford, UK. ISBN
978-1-84425-223-7

Ferrari has had a long-standing relationship with Shell

Oil. It is a technical partnership with Ferrari and Ducati
[12] Ferraris A1GP Deal. Yahoo Sport. 11 October 2007.
to test as well as supply fuel and oils to the Formula One,
Retrieved 24 March 2008.
MotoGP and World Superbike racing teams. For example, the Shell V-Power premium gasoline fuel has been [13] Stoklosa, Alexander (2014), 2015 Ferrari California T
Debuts With Twin-Turbo V-8, F12berlinetta Styling, Car
developed with the many years of technical expertise be[26]
and Driver
tween Shell and Ferrari.

Ferrari have had agreements to supply Formula One en- [14] September 2006 BY TED WEST. Pininfarina Ferrari
P4/5 Feature Car and Driver. Caranddriver.com. Regines to a number of other teams over the years, and curtrieved 2014-06-22.
rently supply Marussia F1 Team and Sauber F1 Team.

5.2

Sales history

[15] Ne, John (11 December 2009). Ferrari P540 Superfast

Aperta revealed, second from Special Projects program.
autoblog.com. Retrieved 14 December 2014.

As of 2008, the estimated total of Ferrari built and sold [16] Ferrari SP1. carbodydesign.com. 12 November 2008.
Retrieved 13 December 2014.
cars in whole company history was about 130,000.[27]

See also
List of Ferrari road cars
List of car brands
List of companies of Italy
List of Ferrari engines

[17] Gluckman, David (11 December 2009). Ferrari P540

Superfast Aperta: A One-O Based On a One-O.
caranddriver.com. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
[18] Kable, Greg (18 May 2011). Ferrari Superamerica 45:
One-o 599 created for wealthy American customer. autoweek.com. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
[19] Lingeman, Jake (6 November 2012). Ferrari and Pininfarina nish Claptons customized 512BB homage. autoweek.com. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
[20] Ferrari SP Arya one-o in the works. carbodydesign.com. 28 August 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2014.

References

[1]

[21] Japan Gathering Features Two One-O Models. cavallino.com. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.

[2] Ferrari ache un chire d'aaires record en 2013, Challenges, February 19, 2014

[22] Joseph, Noah (23 June 2014). Ferrari reveals one-o

F12 TRS at Sicily cavalcade homage. autoblog.com. Retrieved 13 December 2014.

[3] Annual Report 2011. atspa.com. Retrieved 8 June

2012.

[23] The Ferrari HY-KERS Bows at Geneva.

moblog.net.

[4] Italian Car Companies. Listitude.com. 4 December

2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.

[24] World Championship 1967. Wspr-racing.com. Retrieved 26 September 2010.

[5] Fiat 2013 Annual Report. Fiat S.p.A. Retrieved 201408-13.

[25] World Championship 1973. Wspr-racing.com. Retrieved 26 September 2010.

[6] FCA Announces Board Intention to Spin O Ferrari

S.p.A. Fiat S.p.A. Retrieved 2014-10-28.

[26] Ferrari and Shell V-Power. Shell Canada. 15 January

2009. Retrieved 20 January 2009.

[7] History of Ferrari In DK Engineering from http://www.

dkeng.co.uk/company/The_History_of_Ferrari.html Retrieved 14 September 2010

[27] Crunching Ferraris Global Numbers.

online.com. Retrieved 2014-06-22.
[28] Fiat Group 1999 Annual Report (PDF)

[8] Felipe Massa and Marc Gene lead a record breaking parade of Ferraris at Silverstone. Skidmark. 15 September
2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012.

[29] Fiat Group 2000 Annual Report (PDF)

[9] Ferrari CEO Quits In A Hu, Says Company Is Now

'American'".

[31] Fiat Group 2002 Annual Report (PDF)

[10] Ferrari quitte Fiat et rentre dans le circuit boursier, le

Monde, October 30, 2014

[30] Fiat Group 2001 Annual Report (PDF)

[32] Fiat Group 2003 Annual Report (PDF)

[33] Fiat Group 2004 Annual Report (PDF)

Auto-

Ferraris-

[34] Fiat Group 2005 Annual Report (PDF)

[35] Fiat Group 2006 Annual Report (PDF)
[36] Fiat Group 2007 Annual Report (PDF)
[37] Fiat Group 2008 Annual Report (PDF)
[38] Fiat Group 2009 Annual Report (PDF)
[39] Fiat Group 2010 Annual Report (PDF)
[40] Fiat Group 2011 Annual Report (PDF)
[41] Ferrari prots rise despite fewer sales in 2013
[42] FCA Full Year 2014 results (PDF), Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, 28 January 2015, p. 6, retrieved 11 March 2015

Notes
Eric Gustafson, Cavallino Rampante, Sports Car
International (Oct/Nov 2000): 94.
Adler, Dennis, Ferrari: The Road from Maranello.
Random House, 2006. ISBN 978-1-4000-6463-2.

External links
Ocial website (Mobile)
List of Ferrari-related websites at DMOZ
Ferrari logos and Ferrari logo history:

EXTERNAL LINKS

10
10.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

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File:1973-05-27_Jacky_Ickx,_Ferrari_312P.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/1973-05-27_Jacky_

Ickx%2C_Ferrari_312P.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 de Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:2013-03-05_Geneva_Motor_Show_8275.JPG Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/2013-03-05_
Geneva_Motor_Show_8275.JPG License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Norbert Aepli, Switzerland (User:Noebu)
File:2014-03-04_Geneva_Motor_Show_1454.JPG Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/2014-03-04_
Geneva_Motor_Show_1454.JPG License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Norbert Aepli, Switzerland (User:Noebu)
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:F12pebblebeach.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/F12pebblebeach.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Contributors: Own work Original artist: 72Dino
File:FBaracca_1.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/FBaracca_1.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.finn.it/regia/immagini/prima/francesco_baracca_spadvii.jpg Original artist: ?

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File:Factory_1b.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Factory_1b.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: PNG version on the English Wikipedia Original artist: Dtbohrer, updated to SVG by Tomtheman5
File:Ferrari-Logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d1/Ferrari-Logo.svg License: Fair use Contributors:
http://www.ferrariworld.com Original artist: ?
File:Ferrari612SessentaEdition.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Ferrari612SessentaEdition.jpg
License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia
Original artist: Original uploader was SGJ91 at en.wikipedia
File:FerrariSP12EC.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/FerrariSP12EC.jpg License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Contributors: Own work Original artist: F40org
File:Ferrari_166MM_Barchetta.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Ferrari_166MM_Barchetta.JPG
License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Writegeist
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File:Ferrari_458_Italia_--_05-18-2011.jpg Source:
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05-18-2011.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: IFCAR
File:Ferrari_458_Speciale.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Ferrari_458_Speciale.JPG License: CC
BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Lukasdesign
File:Ferrari_458_Spider.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Ferrari_458_Spider.jpg License: CC BY
2.0 Contributors: Flickr: Ferrari 458 Spider Original artist: Autoviva
File:Ferrari_FF_--_2012_DC_front.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Ferrari_FF_--_2012_DC_
front.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: IFCAR
File:Ferrari_P45_front_right.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Ferrari_P45_front_right.jpg License:
CC BY 2.0 Contributors: IMG_4070 Original artist: Simon Davison from Los Gatos, United States
File:Ferrari_Superamerica_45_in_Villa_Erba.jpg
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Superamerica_45_in_Villa_Erba.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Porlamfer
File:Ferrari_Werke.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Ferrari_Werke.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Italy.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
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File:Increase2.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Increase2.svg License: Public domain Contributors:
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File:Kimi_Raikkonen_won_2007_Brazil_GP.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Kimi_Raikkonen_
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File:LaudaNiki19760731Ferrari312T2.jpg
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/
LaudaNiki19760731Ferrari312T2.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 de Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Logo_avanti.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b8/Logo_avanti.png License: Fair use Contributors:
http://www.avanti.at (since copying from there, the font was altered) Original artist: ?
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Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Portal-puzzle.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
File:Question_book-new.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0
Contributors:
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Tkgd2007
File:RedEnzo.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/RedEnzo.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors:
Own work Original artist: Karrmann
File:Wikibooks-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
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File:Wikinews-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Contributors: This is a cropped version of Image:Wikinews-logo-en.png. Original artist: Vectorized by Simon 01:05, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
Updated by Time3000 17 April 2007 to use ocial Wikinews colours and appear correctly on dark backgrounds. Originally uploaded by
Simon.
File:Wikisource-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Contributors: Rei-artur Original artist: Nicholas Moreau
File:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg License: CC
BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Snorky
File:Wiktionary-logo-en.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Vector version of Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png. Original artist: Vectorized by Fvasconcellos (talk contribs), based
on original logo tossed together by Brion Vibber

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