Magnetism around you

Used a compass?
Hung something on the fridge?
Created an electromagnet?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGytW_C6hR8

Magnetic Poles

Magnets are polarized- north-seeking end, or north pole and

south-seeking end, or south pole
As with charge, like repels like and opposites attract
When a magnet is cut in half two smaller magnets are created
No one has been able to create a monopole

Magnets

To create a permanent magnet

Induce magnetic poles on the microscopic level
Metal alloy: Fe, Al, Ni, Co and a variety of rare earth
elements

Permanent magnets can induce polarization in

magnetic materials such as nails and paper clips

Magnetic Field Lines

Like charged particles magnets emit magnetic fields

characterized by lines
The number of magnetic field lines passing through
a surface is called magnetic flux
Magnetic flux is most concentrated at the poles

Electromagnetism

You bring a charged piece of tape near a magnet,

what happens?
What if the charge is moving as an electric current?

Magnetic field near a

current-carrying wire

Hans Christian Oersted was experimenting with

electric currents when he noticed a compass placed
across a current-carrying wire the needle aligned
perpendicular, but normal when the current was off
Right-hand rule:

Magnetic field near a coil

When current-carrying wire is looped into a coil and

current flows through the magnetic field around the
loops is in the same direction
A long coil of many tightly wound loops is a solenoid
Electromagnet: current
carrying coil with a north
and south pole that is itself
a magnet

Magnetic Domains

Each electron in an atom acts like a tiny

electromagnet
The magnetic fields of electrons in neighboring
atoms combined to form domains

Forces on currents in
magnetic fields

Current carrying wires experience forces when placed in

magnetic fields
The direction of the force can be determined using the
right hand rule
F=BIL

F: Force (N)
B: Strength of Magnetic Field (T)
I: Current (A)
L: Length of wire in magnetic field (m)

Practice Problem

A straight wire that carries a 5.0 A current is in a

uniform magnetic field oriented at right angles to the
wire. When 0.10 m of the wire is in the field, the force
on the wire is 0.20 N. What is the strength of the
magnetic field?

Force on a single
charged particle

Electrons dont need to be contained to a wire to have a

force exerted on it by a magnetic field
Cathode-ray tubes in televisions use electrons deflected by
magnetic fields to form the picture on your screen.
The aurora borealis (Northern Lights) is possible because of
forces caused by magnetic fields!

Practice Problem

A beam of electrons travels at 3.0x106 m/s through a

uniform magnetic field of 4.0x10-2 T at right angles to
the field. How strong is the force that acts on each
electron.

HW

pg. 569 #7,8,9

pg. 574 #10,11,13