Advanced Learner's

geographical Cambridge
names
[EH30]Dictionary, 3rd edition

Geographical names
This list shows the spellings and pronunciations for the names of countries, regions,
continents, seas and oceans. Each name is followed by the adjective that you use when talking
about the noun (e.g. Belgium is a country in Europe; Belgian chocolate comes from Belgium).
Usually, the word for a person from a particular country is a noun that is exactly the same as the
adjective (so someone from Belgium is a Belgian). If the word for a person is different from the
adjective, it is shown in the list below after the adjective (e.g. Finland, Finnish, Finn).
To talk about more than one person from a country, just add s (e.g. one Belgian, two
Belgians), except for :
words ending in ese or s these stay the same (e.g. Chinese, Swiss)
words ending in man or woman these change to men or women (e.g. one
Irishman, two Irishmen).
Not all of these words are names of countries. Some of them are continents or regions. If a name
is included or not included here, that does not necessarily mean that it is or is not an official
country. The list also includes some old names of countries, because you may still find these
names when you are reading.

Name

Adjective
Person

(if different from adj)
Afghanistan /fgn..stn/
Afghan /f.gn/
Africa /f.r.k/
African /f.r.kn/
Albania /lbe.ni./
Albanian /lbe.ni.n/
Algeria /ld.ri./ US /-dr.i-/
Algerian /ld.ri.n/ US /-dr.i-/
Central America /sen.trl.mer..k/
Central American /sen.trl.mer..kn/
North America /n.mer..k/
North American /n.mer..kn/
South America /sa.mer..k/
South American /sa mer..kn/
Andorra /nd.r/
Andorran /nd.rn/
Angola /g.l/ US /-go-/
Angolan /g.ln/ US /-go-/
Antarctica /ntk.t.k/ US /-trk-/
Antarctic /ntk.tk/ US /-trk-/
(not applicable)
Antigua and Barbuda
Antiguan /nti.gn/
/nti.g[r].n.bbju.d/ US /-bu-/
The Arctic /i k.tk/ US /-rk-/
Arctic /k.tk/ US /rk-/
(not applicable)
Argentina /.dnti.n/ US /r-/
Argentinian /.dntn.i.n/ US /r-/
Argentine /.dn.tan/ US /r-/
Armenia /mi.ni./ US /r-/
Armenian /mi.ni.n/ US /r-/
Asia /e./
Asian /e.n/
The Atlantic /i.tln.tk/ US /-k/
Atlantic /tln.tk/ US /-k/
(not applicable)
Australasia /s.trle./ US /.str-/
Australasian /s.trle.n/ US /.str-/
Australia /stre.li./ US /strel.j/
Australian /stre.li.n/ US /strel.jn/
Austria /s.tri./ US /.stri-/
Austrian /s.tri.n/ US /.stri-/
Azerbaijan /z..badn/ US /.z-/ Azerbaijani /z..bad.ni/
Azeri /ze.ri/ US
US /.z-/ /-zer.i/

The Bahamas /.bh.mz/
Bahrain /bren/
The Balkans /bl.knz/ US /-bl-/
The Baltic /bl.tk/ US /-bl-/
Bangladesh /b.glde/
Barbados /bbe.ds/ US /brbe.dos/

Bahamian /bhe.mi.n/
Bahraini /bre.ni/
Balkan /bl.kn/ US /bl-/
(not applicable)
Baltic /bl.tk/ US /bl-/
(not applicable)
Bangladeshi /b.glde.i/
Barbadian /bbe.di.n/ US /br-

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Belarus /bel.rus/
Belorussian /bel.ru.n/
Belgium /bel.dm/
Belgian /bel.dn/
Belize /bliz/
Belizean /bli.zi.n/
Benin /benin/
Beninese /ben.niz/
Bermuda /bmju.d/ US /b-/
Bermudan /bmju.dn/ US /b-/
Bhutan /butn/
Bhutanese /bu.tniz/
Bolivia /blv.i./
Bolivian /blv.i.n/
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnian /bz.ni.n/ US /bz-/
/bz.ni..an.ht.sgv..n/
US /bz.ni..an.hert.sgovi.n/
Botswana /btsw.n/ US /bt-/
Botswanan /btsw.nn/ US /bt-/ singular =Motswana
/mtsw.n/

plural = Batswana
/btsw.n/
Brazil /brzl/
Brazilian /brzl.i.n/
Brunei /bruna/
Bruneian /bruna.n/
Bulgaria /blge.ri./ US /-ger.i-/
Bulgarian /blge.ri.n/ US /-ger.i-/
Burkina Faso /bki.nfs./ US
Burkinabe /bki.nbe/ US /b-/
/bki.nf.so/
Burma /b.m/ US /b-/ see also
Burmese /bmiz/ US /b-/
Myanmar /mjn.mr/
Burundi /brn.di/
Burundi /brn.di/
Burundian
/brn.di.n/
Cambodia /kmb.di./ US /-bo-
Cambodian /kmb.di.n/ US /-bo-/
Cameroon /km.run/
Cameroonian /km.ru.ni.n/
Canada /kn..d/
Canadian /kne.di.n/
Cape Verde /kepvd/ US /-vd/
Cape Verdean /kepv.di.n/ US /-v.di-/
The Caribbean /kr.bi.n/
Caribbean /kr.bi.n/
(not applicable)
US /ker.bi-/ US /ker.bi-/
The Cayman Islands
Cayman /ke.mn/
Cayman Islander
/ke.mna.lndz/
/ke.mna.ln.dr/
The Central African Republic
Central African /sen.trlf.r.kn/
/sen.trlf.r.kn.rpb.lk/
Chad /td/
Chadian /td.i.n/
Chile /tl.i/
Chilean /tl.i.n/
China /ta.n/
Chinese /taniz/
Colombia /klm.bi./
Colombian /klm.bi.n/
Comoros /km..rz/ US /k.m.roz Comoran /km.rn/ US /k.m-/
The Democratic Republic of
Congolese /k.gliz/
the Congo
/dem..krt.k rpb.lk.v.k.g/
US /-kr.k rpb.lk.v.k.go/
The Republic of the Congo
Congolese /k.gliz/
/rpb.lk.v.k.g/ US /-go/
Costa Rica /ks.tri.k/ US /k.st-/
Costa Rican /ks.tri.kn/ US /k.st-/
Cte d'Ivoire /kt.divw/ US
Ivorian /av.ri.n/
/kot.divwr/
Croatia /kre./ US /kro-/
Croatian /kre.n/ US /kro-/
Croat /kr.t/
US /kro-/
Cuba /kju.b/
Cuban /kju.bn/
Cyprus /sa.prs/
Cypriot /sp.ri.t/
The Czech Republic /tek.rpb.lk/ Czech /tek/
Denmark /den.mk/ US /-mrk/
Djibouti /dbu.ti/ US /-i/
Dominica /dmn..k/ /dmn.-/ US
/d.mni-/ /dmn.-/
The Dominican Republic
/.dmn..kn. rpb.lk/
East Timor /istti.mr/ US /-mr/
Ecuador /ek.w.dr/ US /-dr/

Danish /de.n/
Dane /den/
Djiboutian /dbu.ti.n/ US /-i-/
Dominican /dm.ni.kn/ US /dm-/
Dominican /dmn..kn/
East Timorese /ist.ti.mriz/
Ecuadorian /ek.wd.ri.n/

US

/-miz/

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geographical names

[EH32]

Egypt /i.dpt/
Egyptian /dp.n/
El Salvador /elsl.v.dr/ US /-dr/
Salvadoran /sl.vd.rn/
England /.glnd/
English /.gl/
Englishman
/.gl.mn/

Englishwoman
/.glwm.n/
Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinean /ek.w.t.ri.l gn.i.n/
/ek.w.t.ri.l gn.i/ US /-tr.i-/
Eritrea /er.tre./ US /-tri-/
Eritrean /er.tre.n/ US /-tri-/
Estonia /est.ni./ US /-to-/
Estonian /est.ni.n/ US /-to-/
Ethiopia /i.i.pi./ US /-o-/
Ethiopian /i.i.pi.n/ US /-o-/
Europe /j.rp/ US /j-/
European /j.rpi.n/ US /jr.-/
Fiji /fi.di/
Fijian /fdi.n/
Finland /fn.lnd/
Finnish /fn./
Finn /fn/
France /frnts/ US /frnts/
French /frent/
Frenchman
/frent.mn/

Frenchwoman
/frentwm.n/
Gabon /gbn/ US /-on/
Gabonese /gb.niz/
The Gambia /gm.bi./
Gambian /gm.bi.n/
Georgia /d.d/ US /dr-/
Georgian /d.dn/ US /dr-/
Germany /d.m.ni/ US /d-/
German /d.mn/ US /d-/
Ghana /g.n/
Ghanaian /gne.n/
Gibraltar /dbrl.tr/ US /-brl.t/
Gibraltarian /db.rlte.ri.n/ US /-rlter.i-/
Greece /gris/
Greek /grik/
Greenland /grin.lnd/
Greenlandic /grinln.dk/
Greenlander

/grin.ln.dr/ US /-d/
Grenada /grne.d/
Grenadian /grne.di.n/
Guatemala /gw.tm.l/ US /--/
Guatemalan /gw.tm.ln/ US /--/
Guinea /gn.i/
Guinean /gn.i.n/
Guinea-Bissau /gn.i.bsa/
Guinea-Bissauan /gn.i.bsa.n/
Guyana /gan./
Guyanese /ga.niz/
Haiti /he.ti/ US /-i/
Haitian /he.n/
Holland /hl.nd/ US /h.lnd/
Dutch /dt/
Dutchman
/dt.mn/

Dutchwoman
/dtwm.n/
Honduras /hndj.rs/ US /hndr.s/ Honduran /hndj.rn/ US /hndr.n/
Hong Kong /hk/ US /hk/
Hong Kong /hk/ US /hk/
Hungary /h.g.ri/
Hungarian /hge.ri.n/ US /-ger.i-/
Iceland /as.lnd/
Icelandic /asln.dk/
Icelander
/a.sln.dr/ US /-/
India /n.di./
Indian /n.di.n/
The Indian Ocean /in.di.n.n/
(not applicable)
Indonesia /n.dni./
Indonesian /n.dni.n/
Iran /rn//-rn/
Iranian /re.ni.n/
Iraq /rk//-rk/
Iraqi /rk.i//-rk-/
Ireland /a.lnd/ US /ar-/
Irish /a.r/ US /a-/
Irishman
/a.r.mn/ US /a-/

Irishwoman
/a.rwm.n/ US
/a-/
Israel /z.rel/ US /z.ri.l/
Israeli /zre.li/
Italy /t..li/ US /-/
Italian /tl.jn//-i.n/
Ivory Coast /a.v.rikst/ US /-kost/
Ivorian /av.ri.n/
Jamaica /dme.k/
Japan /dpn/
Jordan /d.dn/ US /dr-/

Jamaican /dme.kn/
Japanese /dp.niz/
Jordanian /dde.ni.n/ US /dr-/

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[EH33]
Kazakhstan /kz.kstn/ US /kzk-/
Kenya /ken.j / /ki.n-/
Kiribati /kr.bs/
North Korea /n.kri./ US /nr-/
South Korea /sa.kri./
Kuwait /kjuwet/ US /ku-/
Kyrgyzstan /k.gstn/ US /k-/

geographical names

Kazakh /kz.k/ US /kzk/

Kenyan /ken.jn/
Kiribati /kr.bs/
North Korean /n.kri.n/ US /nr-/
South Korean /sa.kri.n/
Kuwaiti /kjuwe.ti/ US /kuwe.i/
Kyrgyz /k.gz/ US /k-/

Laos /las/
Laotian /la.n/
Latvia /lt.vi./
Latvian /lt.vi.n/
Lebanon /leb..nn/
Lebanese /leb.niz/
Lesotho /lsu.tu/
Sotho /su.tu/
(singular noun)

Mosotho /msu.tu/

(plural noun)

Basotho /bsu.tu/
The Levant /.lvnt/
Levantine /lev.n.tan/
Liberia /lab.ri./ US /-br.i-/
Liberian /lab.ri.n/ US /-br.i-/
Libya /lb.i./
Libyan /lb.i.n/
Liechtenstein /lk.tn.stan/
Liechtenstein /lk.tn.stan/
Liechtensteiner

/lk.tn.sta.nr/ US /-n/
Lithuania /l.jue.ni./ US /-u-/
Lithuanian /l.jue.ni.n/ US /-u-/
Luxembourg /lk.sm.bg/ US /-bg/ Luxembourg /lk.sm.bg/ US /-bg/ Luxemburger
/lk.sm.b.gr/ US
/-b.g/
Macedonia /ms.d.ni./ US /-do-/ Macedonian /ms.d.ni.n/ US /-do-/
Madagascar /md.gs.kr/ US /-k/
Malagasy /ml.gs.i/
Malawi /ml.wi/
Malawian /ml.wi.n/
Malaysia /mle.zi./ US /-/
Malaysian /mle.zi.n/ US /-n/
The Maldives /ml.divz/ US
Maldivian /mldv.i.n/ US /mlda.vi-/
/-ml.davz/
Mali /m.li/
Malian /m.li.n/
Malta /ml.t/ US /ml-/
Maltese /mltiz/ US /ml-/
The Marshall Islands
Marshallese /m.liz/ US /mr-/ Marshall Islander
/m.la.lndz/ US /-mr-/ /m.la.ln.dr/

US /mr.la.ln.d/
Mauritania /mr.te.ni./ US /mr-/
Mauritanian /mr.te.ni.n/ US /mr-/
Mauritius /mr.s/ US /mr.s/
Mauritian /mr.n/ US /mr-/
The Mediterranean /med..tre.ni.n/ Mediterranean /med..tre.ni.n/ (not applicable)
Melanesia /mel.ni.zi./ US /-/
Melanesian /mel.ni.zi.n/ US /-n/
Mexico /mek.s.k/ US /-ko/
Mexican /mek.s.kn/
Micronesia /ma.krni.zi./
Micronesian
US /-kroni./ /ma.krni.zi.n/ US /-kroni.n/
Moldova /mld.v/ US /mldo-/
Moldovan /mld.vn/ US /mldo-/
Monaco /mn..k/ US /mn.ko/
Mongasque /mn.gsk/ US /m.ne-/
Mongolia /mg.li./ US /mgo-/
Mongolian /mg.li.n/ US /mgo-/
Montenegro /mntnigr/
Montenegrin /mntni;grn/
Montserrat /mnt.srt/ US /mnt-/
Montserratian /mnt.srt.i.n/ US /mnt-/
Morocco /mrk./ US /-r.ko/
Moroccan /mrk.n/ US /-r-/
Mozambique /m.zmbik/ US /mo-/ Mozambican /m.zmbi.kn/ US /mo-/
Myanmar /mjn.mr/ US /mjnmr/ Burmese /bmiz/ US /b-/
Namibia /nmb.i./
Namibian /nmb.i.n/
Nauru /nu.ru/
Nauruan /nu.ru.n/
Nepal /npl/ US /-pl/
Nepalese /nep.liz/
The Netherlands /ne..lndz/ US
Dutch /dt/
Dutchman
/--/ /dt.mn/

Dutchwoman
/dtwm.n/
New Zealand /njuzi.lnd/ US /nu-/
New Zealand /njuzi.lnd/ US /nu-/ New Zealander
/njuzi.ln.dr/
US /nuzi.ln.d/

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geographical names

[EH34]

Nicaragua /nk.rg.ju./ US /-rg.w/

Niger /nier/ US /na.d/
Nigeria /nad.ri./ US /-dr.i-/
Norway /n.we/ US /nr-/

Nicaraguan /nk.rg.ju.n/ US /-rg.wn/

Nigerien /nie.ri.n/ US /na.der.i-/
Nigerian /nad.ri.n/ US /-dr.i-/
Norwegian /nwi.dn/ US /nr-/

Oman /mn/

Omani /m.ni/

US

/o-/

US

/o-/

The Pacific /.psf.k/

Pacific /psf.k/
(not applicable)
Pacific Rim /psf.krm/
(not applicable)
Pakistan /p.kstn/ US /pk..stn/ Pakistani /p.kst.ni/ US /pk..stni/
Palestine /pl..stan/
Palestinian /pl.stn.i.n/
Panama /pn..m/
Panamanian /pn.me.ni.n/
Papua New Guinea /pp.u..njugn.i/ Papua New Guinean
US /-nu-/ /pp.u..njugn.i.n/ US /-nu-/
Paraguay /pr..gwa/
Paraguayan /pr.gwa.n/
Persia /p./ US /p-/
Persian /p.n/ US /p-/
Peru /pru/
Peruvian /pru.vi.n/
The Philippines /fl..pinz/
Philippine /fl..pin/
Filipino /fl.pi.n/
US /-no/
Poland /p.lnd/ US /po-/
Polish /p.l/ US /po-/
Pole /pl/ US /pol/
Polynesia /pl.ni./ US /p.l-/
Polynesian /pl.ni.n/ US /p.l-/
Portugal /p.t.gl/ US /pr-/
Portuguese /p.tgiz/ US /pr-/
Puerto Rico /pw.tri.k/ US
Puerto Rican /pw.tri.kn/ US /pwer.-/
/pwer.ri.ko/
Qatar /kt.r/ US /ktr/
Quebec /kwbek/

Qatari /kt.ri/ US /kt.ri/

Quebecois /ke.bekw/

Romania /rme.ni./ US /ro-/

Russia /r./
Rwanda /run.d/ US /-n-/

Romanian /rme.ni.n/ US /ro-/

Russian /r.n/
Rwandan /run.dn/ US /-n-/

Samoa /sm./ US /-mo-/

Samoan /sm.n/ US /-mo-/
San Marino /sn.mri.n/ US /-no/
Sanmarinese /sn.mr.niz/
So Tom and Principe
Sao Tomean /sa.tme.n/
/sa.tme.nprn.s.pe/
Saudi Arabia /sa.di re.bi./
Saudi /sa.di/
Scandinavia /skn.dne.vi./
Scandinavian /skn.dne.vi.n/
Scotland /skt.lnd/ US /skt-/
Scottish /skt./ US /sk./
Scot /'skt/ US /skt/

Scotsman
/skt.smn/
US /skt-/

Scotswoman
/sktswm.n/

US /skts-/
Senegal /sen.gl/ US /sen..gl/
Senegalese /sen..gliz/
Serbia /sbi/
Serbia /sbin/
The Seychelles /.seelz/
Seychelles /seelz/
Seychellois
/se.elw/
Siberia /sab.ri./ US /-br.i-/
Siberian /sab.ri.n/ US /-br.i-/
Sierra Leone /sier..lin/ US /-on/
Sierra Leonean /sier..li.ni.n/ US /-on-/
Singaporean /s.p.ri.n/ US /s..pr-/
Singapore /s.pr/ US /s..pr/
Slovakia /slvk.i./ US /slo-/
Slovak /sl.vk/ US /slo-/
Slovenia /slvi.ni./ US /slo-/
Slovenian /slvi.ni.n/ US /slo-/
Slovene /sl.vin/

US /slo-/
The Solomon Islands
Solomon Islander /sl..mna.ln.dr/
/sl..mna.lndz/ US /-s.l-/ US /s.l.mna.ln.d/
Somalia /sm.li./
Somali /sm.li/
South Africa /saf.r.k/
South African /saf.r.kn/
Spain /spen/
Spanish /spn./
Spaniard /spn.jd/
US /-jd/


Sri Lanka /sril.k/
Sri Lankan /sril.kn/

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geographical names

[EH35]
St Kitts and Nevis /sntkts.nni.vs / Kittsian /kt.si.n/
US /sent-/
St Lucia /sntlu./ US /sent-/
St Lucian /sntlu.n/ US /sent-/
St Vincent and the Grenadines
Vincentian /vnsn.ti.n/
/sntvnt.snt.n.gren.dinz/
US /sentvnt-/
Sudan /sudn/ US /-dn/
Sudanese /su.dniz/
Suriname /s.rnm/ US /sr.nm/
Surinamese /s.r.nmiz/
US /sr..nmiz/
Swaziland /sw.zi.lnd/
Swazi /sw.zi/
Sweden /swi.dn/
Swedish /swi.d/
Switzerland /swt.s.lnd/ US /-s-/
Swiss /sws/
Syria /sr.i./
Syrian /sr.i.n/
Tahiti /thi.ti/ US /-i/
Taiwan /tawn/
Tajikistan /tdi.kstn/
Tanzania /tn.zni./
Thailand /ta.lnd/
Tibet /tbet/
Togo /t.g/ US /to.go/
Tonga /t.g/ US /t-/
Trinidad and Tobago
/trn..dd.n.tbe.g/ US /-go-/
Tunisia /tjunz.i./ US /tuni./
Turkey /t.ki/ US /t-/
Turkmenistan /tkmen.stn/
US /tkmen..stn/
Tuvalu /tuv.lu/

Tahitian /thi.n/
Taiwanese /ta.wniz/
Tajik /tdik/
Tanzanian /tn.zni.n/
Thai /ta/
Tibetan /tbet.n/
Togolese /t.gliz/ US /to.go-/
Tongan /t.gn/ US /t-/
Trinidadian /trn.dd.i.n/
Tunisian /tjun.zi.n/ US /tunin/
Turkish /t.k/ US /t-/
Turk /tk/
Turkmen /tk.men/ US /tk-/

US

/tk/

Tuvaluan /tu.vlu.n/

Uganda /jugn.d/
Ugandan /jugn.dn/
Ukraine /jukren/
Ukrainian /jukre.ni.n/
The United Arab Emirates
Emirian /emr.i.n/
/.juna.tdr.bem..rts/ US /-na.d-/
The United Kingdom
British /brt./ US /br/
/.juna.tdk.dm/ US /-na.d-/
The United States of America
American /mer..kn/
/.juna.tdstets.v.mer..k/
US /-na.d-/
Uruguay /j.r.gwa/ US /jr.-/
Uruguayan /j.rgwa.n/
Uzbekistan /zbek.stn/
Uzbek /z.bek/
Vanuatu /vn.u.tu/
Vatican City /vt..knst.i/
US /v..kns-/
Venezuela /ven.zwe.l/
Vietnam /vjetnm/

Swede /swid/

Briton /brt.n/

US

Vanuatuan /vn.u.tu.n/
Vatican /vt..kn/ US /v-/

/jr.-/

(not applicable)

Venezuelan /ven.zwe.ln/
Vietnamese /vjet.nmiz/

Wales /welz/
Welsh /wel/
Welshman
/wel.mn/

Welshwoman
/welwm.n/
Western Sahara /wes.tn.sh.r/
Sahrawian /sr.wi.n/
US /-tn.sher./
Yemen /jem.n/
Yemeni /jem..ni/
Yugoslavia /ju.gsl.vi./ US /-go-/
Yugoslav /ju.g.slv/ US /-go-/
Zaire /zar/ US /-r/
Zairean /za.ri.n/ US /-r.i-/
Zambia /zm.bi./
Zambian /zm.bi.n/
Zimbabwe /zmbb.we/
Zimbabwean /zmbb.wi.n/

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