Would citizenship

follow the flag in

US territorial
acquisitions in the
Pacific and Latin
America?

School Begins: Now, children, you've got to learn these lessons whether you
want to or not! But just take a look at the class ahead of you, and remember that,
in a little while, you will feel glad to be here as they are.

Consequences of the
SACFW for the US?

Diplomacy in Asia
The Filipino-American War, 1899-1902
Independence denied to the Philippines
Four year war ensued with Filipino nationalists led by Emilio
Aguinaldo
4,000 US lives, 100,000 Filipinos
Resistance crushed by 1902
- US atrocities looked much like
Spanish atrocited committed in Cuba
After a heavy 10 year military presence
the Philippines would exist as a colony
of the US until 1946

The Insular Cases (1901-1903)

The Supreme Court issued a series of decisions

ruling that citizenship rights would NOT be
automatically extended to territorial possessions;
the power to decide whether or not to grant such
rights belonged to Congress.

OPEN DOOR POLICY (1899-1901)

Secretary of State John Hay vied to give all nations
equal access to trade in China.
Used to mediate competing interests among
colonial powers in China

"Speak softly and carry a big stick You will go

far - TR on foreign policy

Big Stick Diplomacy in Latin America

CUBA became an independent protectorate
Platt Amendment (1901) replaced Teller
Amendment
- authorized US intervention when necessary for

the preservation of Cuban independence

- prohibited land treaties with any nation but US
- naval base granted to US (Guantanamo)
- US maintained great economic influence

Puerto Rico became an

unincorporated territory
The Foraker Act established civil government for

PR
- no citizenship OR full self-government
- tariffs on Puerto Rican products entering the US

Panama: The King's Crown

- US sought canal to ease trade and protect colonies
- Support of Panamanian independence when
Columbia refused negotiations
- Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)
gave US a 99 year lease on canal
zone

ROOSEVELT COROLLARY
to the Monroe Doctrine (1905)
Prompted by Venezuelan and

Dominican Debt crises

US as police of Latin America in

order to prevent Europeans/outsiders

from intervening/influencing Latin
America

Tafts Dollar Diplomacy

US guaranteed loans to fiscally vulnerable Latin American nations and
encouraged investments in Latin American commerce/business
Goals
* to ward off foreign influence/intervention
* to maintain economic influence in Latin America
* to create stability and order abroad that would
best promote Americas commercial interests

UNITED FRUIT CORPORATION

Formed in 1899
traded in tropical fruit (primarily bananas) grown on
third world plantations and sold in the United States
and Europe
came to control vast territories and transportation
networks in Central America, the Caribbean coast of
Colombia, Ecuador, and the West Indies
Established virtual monopoly in many Latin American
regions, leading some nations to be called banana
republics

Banana Republic
politically unstable country dependent upon

limited agriculture, and often ruled by a small, selfelected, wealthy, corrupt plutocracy
Usually dictatorship that supported large scale

exploitation of plantation agriculture, esp. banana

cultivation

th

Early 20 century foreign policy goals

Expanded access to overseas markets to ensure growth
of domestic economy
Build modern navy to protect interests abroad
International police power to ensure economic
dominance in Latin America