REVISING AND EDITING Revising gives you the chance to preview your work on behalf of the eventual reader. Revision is much more than proofreading, though in the final editing stage it involves some checking of details. Good revision and editing can transform a mediocre first draft into an excellent final paper. I's more work, but leads fo real satisfaction when you find you've said what you wanted. Here are some steps to follow on your own. Writing centres can give you further guidance, Start Large, End Small Revision may mean changing the shape and reasoning in your paper. It often means adding or deleting sentences and paragraphs, shif ng them around, and reshaping them as you go. Before dealing with details of style and language (editing), be sure you have presented ideas that are clear and forceful. Make notes as you go through these questions, and stop after each section to make the desired revisions. First check whether you have fulfilled the intention of the assignment. Look again at the instruction sheet, and revise your work to be sure you can say yes to these questions: ‘© Have you performed the kind of thinking the assignment sheet asked for (e.g... analyse, argue, compare, explore)? © Have you written the genre of document called for (e response, field notes, research report, lab report, essay)? © Have you used concepts and methods of reasoning discussed in the course? Don’t be shy of using theoretical terms from the course. Also beware of just retelling stories or listing information. Looking at your topic sentences in sequence will show what kinds of ideas you have emphasized. (See our handout on Developing Coherent Paragraphs.) (© Have you given adequate evidence for your argument or interpretation? Be sure that the reader knows why and how your ideas are important. A quick way of checking is to note where your paragraphs go afier their topic sentences. Watch out for repetitions of general ideas—look for progression into detailed reasoning, usually including source referencing, book review, eritique, personal Then took at overall organization. I's worthwhile to print out everything so that you can view the entire document. Then consider these questions, and revise to get the answers you want: Does your introduction make clear where the rest of the paper is headed? If the paper is argument-based, you will likely use a thesis statement, Research papers often start with a statement of the research question. (Ask a clear-headed roommate or other friend to give you a prediction of what he or she expects after reading only the first few paragraphs of your paper. Don’t accept a vague answer.) © [seach section in the right place to fulfil your purpose? (It might help to make a reverse outline: take the key idea from each paragraph or section and set it down in a list so you can see the logical structure of what you've written, Does it hang together? Is it all necessary” What's missing? Revise to fill in gaps and take out irrelevant material.)‘© Have you drawn connections between the sections? (Look again at your topic sentences to see if they link back to what has just been said as well as looking forward to the next point. Find ways to draw ideas together explicitly. Use logical statements, not just a sprinkling of connecting words.) ‘© Would a person reading your conclusion know what question you had asked and how you had arrived at your answer? (Again, ask for a real paraphrase.) 3. Now polish and edit your style by moving to smaller matters such as word choice; sentence structure, grammar, punctuation, and spelling, You may already have passages that you know need further work. This is where you can use computer programs (with care) and reference material such as handbooks and handouts. Here are some tips: © Read passages aloud to see if you have achieved the emphasis you want. Look for places to use short sentences to draw attention to key ideas, questions, or argumentative statements. If you can’t read a sentence all the way through with expression, try cutting it into two or more. © Be sure to use spell check. It will help you catch most typos and many wrongly spelled words. But don’t let it replace anything automatically, or you'll end up with nonsense words. You will still have to read through your piece and use a print dictionary or writer's, handbook to look up words that you suspect are not right, Don't depend on a thesaurus. it will supply you with lists of words in the same general category as the one you have tried—but most of them won't make sense. Use plain clear words instead, Use a print dictionary and look up synonyms given as part of definit Always look at the samples of usage too. © Don’t depend on a grammar checker. The best ones still miss many errors, and they give a lot of bad advice. If you know that you overuse slang or the passive voice, you may find some of the “hits” useful, but be sure to make your own choice of replacement phrases. A few of the explanations may be useful. But nothing can substitute for your own judgement. A Note on Appearance: Looks do count. Give your instructor the pleasure of handling a handsome document—or at least of not getting annoyed or inconvenienced. These are the basic expectations for any type of assignment. (© Include a cover page giving the title of your paper, the name of the course, your name, the date, and the instructor's name, Don’t bother with coloured paper, fancy print, or decorations. © Number your pages in the top right-hand corner. Omit the number for the first page of your paper (since it will be headed by the title), starting in with 2 on the second page. © Double-space your text, including indented quotations, footnotes, and reference lists. Leave margins of one inch (2.5 em) on all sides of the page. © Use a standard font in twelve-point size. For easier reading, don't right-justify your lines. ‘© Put the reference list or bibliography on a separate page at the end. (See the handout on Standard Documentation Format: choose your format, then use the examples as guides.) Staple your pages: don’t use a bulky binding or cover. Prepared by Dr. Margaret Procter, University of Toronto Coordinator, Writing Support Over 50 other files giving advice on university writing are available at www writhContents List, Manuscript preparation 1 A 3 4 6. 6 Gengral quidelines Style quidelines Figures Publication charges 9 Submission fee © Page charges © Colour charges Reproduction of copyright material Supplemental online material Manuscript aubmission Copyright and authors’ rights Free article access, Reprints and journal copies Open access Manuscript preparation 4. General gi {Back to top, Manuscripts are accepted in English only. Australian English spelling and punctuation are preferred, Please use single quotation marks, except where ‘a quotation is “within” a quotation’. Long quotations of 40 words or more should be indented without quotation marks. ‘The articles should be framed in one of the following ways: + Single case-studies, preferably research ‘aimed at furthering theoretical analysis; « Contributions to a theoretical appraisal or description of settler colonialism (how it works, where it appears, etc); + Applications of critical theory, or a particular thematic approach, to one or more settler colonial place or idea; + Comparative or transnational analyses involving two or more settler sites; « Research focusing on evolving relationships between settlers and indigenous peoples; « Analyses of legal and political ramifications of settler colonial phenomena, Review articlesiessays and discussion papers can be 1500 words or more. ‘Manuscripts should be compiled in the following order: ttle page (including Acknowledgements as well as Funding and grant-awarding bodies); abstract; keywords; main text: acknowledgements; references: appendices (as appropriate}; table(s) with caption(s) (on individual pages); figure caption(s) (as a list). Abstracts of 300 words are required for all manuscripts submitted, Each manuscript should have § to 10 keywords Search engine optimization (SEO) is a means of making your article more visible to anyone who might be looking for it. Please consult our guidance here Section headings should be concise, All authors of a manuscript should include their full names, affiliations, postal addresses, telephone numbers and email addresses on the cover page of the manuscript. One author should be identified as the corresponding author. Please give the affiliation where the research was conducted. If any of the named co-authors moves affiliation during the peer review process, the new affiliation can be given as a footnote, Please note that no changes to affliation can be made after the manuscript is accepted. Please note that the email address of the corresponding author will normally be displayed in the article PDF (depending on the journal style) and the online article.All persons who have a reasonable claim to authorship must be named in the manuscript as co-authors; the corresponding author must be authorized by all co-authors to act as an agent on their behalf in all ‘matters pertaining to publication of the manuscript, and the order of names should be agreed by all authors. Please supply a short biographical note for each author. Please supply all details required by any funding and grant-awarding bodies as an Acknowledgement on the title page of the manuscript, in a separate paragraph, as follows: © For single agency grants: "This work was supported by the (Funding Agency] under Grant [number 000" For multiple agency grants: “This work was supported by the [Funding Agency 1] under Grant [number xxx]; [Funding Agency 2] under Grant [number xxxx); and [Funding Agency 3] under Grant {number 10001" '* Authors must also incorporate a Disclosure Statement which will acknowledge any financial interest or benefit they have arising from the direct applications of their research. © Forall manuscripts non-discriminatory language is mandatory. Sexist or racist terms must not be used. Authors must adhere to Si_units . Units are not italicised ‘When using a word which is or is asserted to be a proprietary term or trade mark, authors must use the symbol ® or TM, © Authors must not embed equations or image files within their manuscript 2. Style guidelines {Back to top. ‘© Description of the Journal's article style '* Description of the Journals reference style. ‘* Guide to using mathematical seripts and equatio 3. Figures ack to top. © Please provide the highest quality figure format possible. Please be sure that all imported scanned material is scanned at the appropriate resolution: 1200 dpi for line art, 600 dpi for grayscale and 300 dpi for colour. Figures must be saved separate to text. Please do not embed figures in the manuscript file. Files should be saved as one of the following formats: TIFF (tagged image file format), PostScript or EPS (encapsulated PostScript), and should contain all the necessary font information and the source file of the application (e.g. CorelDraw/Mec, CorelDrawiPC), ‘¢ Allfigures must be numbered in the order in which they appear in the manuscript (e.g. Figure 1, Figure 2). In multi-part figures, each part should be labelled (e.g. Figure 1(a), Figure 1(b). ‘* Figure captions must be saved separately, as part of the file containing the complete text of the manuscript, and numbered correspondingly. ‘¢ The filename for a graphic should be descriptive of the graphic, e.g. Figure1, Figure2a,