Proteins

Proteins

Polymers of amino acids covalently linked through

peptide bonds
Natural organic molecules.C, H, O, N
Monomers.amino acids

Building blocks of proteins

There are 20 different amino acids

All 20 amino acids share the same basic structure
Every amino acid contains
- an amino group
- a carboxyl group
- a hydrogen atom
- a central carbon atom
- R (alkyl/aryl) group

Amino Acid Structure

R Groups of amino acids

Difference in amino acids.. R groups

R groupsimple or complex
R groupsdifferent shapes & characteristics

Peptide bond
-COOH group of one amino acid joined with the -NH2
group of the next amino acid through condensation
polymerization

Polypeptide

A long chain of amino

acidsPOLYPEPTIDE
Proteins are composed
of one or more
polypeptides

Role of Proteins

Structural roles.cytoskeleton
Catalystsenzymes
Transporterions and molecules
Hormones

Structure of Proteins

Sensitivity of Proteins

Temperature
pH
Denature proteins

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

i.
ii.

Large and complex organic molecules that store

and transfer genetic information in the cell
Types of nucleic acids
DNA =deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA = Ribonucleic acid

Building blocks of Nucleic Acids

Monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides

Components of a nucleotide
- nitrogen base
- sugar
- phosphate

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Double helix
Found in the nucleus
Stores hereditary information

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Is a single helix
Cytoplasm of the
cell
Helps build proteins
Can act as an
enzyme