Conditionals 27 First, second and third conditional 2 ‘There ae three main types of conditional sentences. First conditional (or Type 1 conditional) 1f1(S2) Andrew at the meeting, | [I give] him your message present simple ‘future simple ‘To talk about something that is quite likely to happen in the future. It is very possible that I will see Andrew at the meeting, in which case I'll give him your message. The condition is quite likely to be fulfilled Second conditional (or Type 2 conditional) If my parents (were) alive, they (woul Be) very proud of me now. Uehey'd past simple would + infinitive ‘To talk about a present situation which is impossible: a hypothetical situation. ‘The condition cannot be fulfilled because my parents are not alive. 1 she (ekanged) her job, she (woul Be} much happier [sheva] ‘To talk about a future event that is unlikely to happen. The speaker does not ‘expect her to change her job. That is, itis unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled Third conditional (or Type 3 conditional) she harder, se (would have passed) the exams. [she'd have / she would've] past perfect would * perfect infinitive ‘T talk about something in the past that did not happen. She didn’t work harder and she didn’t pass her exams. Itis an unfulfilled condition in the past + Ia conditional sentences, the cositional clause can be the fis or second clause in the feovenee, although i more olen the fist clause ‘When the conditional clause comes fist ii fllowed by a comma. When it comes secon there no comin If et hore carly enough. PR make a speal dinner TH make a special dinner if get home ear enough ‘+The tense and verb forms given here are the ones most commonly used in conditional sentences. However, its possible to use other tenses and thse variations ae presented on pages 8580.conone Practice 21 The following sentences are frst, second or third conditional. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form. 1 We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible. If it Lhad.been. (be) a nice day, we “Ould. have. gone. (go) fora picnic 2. Why don’t you explain everything to hm? If you (not tell) him the truth, I'm sure YOU eres sonnei (Fog) HL one day. 3. Jennifer was here not long ago. if you (come round) earlier, you eee (ee) he, 4 Apparently, the ferry company are planning to close the port in this (happen), the town (lose) a great deal of money. 51 (help) you with it if (have) more time but I'm afraid 1 hhaven’t got any spare time at all at the moment. 6 The government is expecting to win the next election, but if t (lose), the Prime Ministor town, If that (cesign) from polities. 7 1am so glad that you took me to your friend's party. If we (not go) there, 1 (never meet) Adrian. 8 It’s ridiculous that trains are so expensive. If fares .- (be) cheaper, 'm sure more people (use) the train and! leave their cars at home. 9 she sommes (Ge that job she's applied 08, She ern sesame (be) delighted. And I think she's got a good chance of getting it 10 Fortunately the explosion took place at empty. It (be) a disaster if it (happen) in the middle of the day. ht when the streets werecae 11 The talks between the two leaders keep breaking down, If they (break down) again, itis possible that there (be) a war between the two countries 12 If Alison (know) anything about car mechanics, I'm sure she (help) us fix the car, but I think she knows even less than we do, 13 They've been married for tw ty years now but I don’t think she (marry) him if she (Know) what a selfish man he was. 14 Children spend to0 much time watching television and playing computer ‘games. I'm sure they (be) happier if they 7 somsnewn (Spend) more time playing outside. 15 Jamie has everything he wan 1 Dut he's always moaning, I'm sure that if (have) so much money, 1 (not moan) all the time.Consoas 28 Conditional sentences: variations in tenses ‘There are a number of variations in the tenses or verb forms that can be used in conditional sentences. First conditional “The if clause is usually in the present simple, However, we can also use: present continuous, present perfect simple, present perfect continuovs, eam, should: If he’s still waiting for you, he'll be very angry. Ii you're coming out with us tonight, you'll need to be ready by 7 o'clock. If Rob's reeeived your letter, I'm sure he'll phone you today FA's Deen raining in the night, you'll nave to wear wellingions. Ii can finish work early, ll come and help you, If should see him, 1 tell him the good news. Note: When we use if + should, the condiion is less likly 10 be flies ‘The main clause usually has the verb in the future with will/shall However, we can also use: ‘be going to’ future, future continuous, future perfect, imperative, can/could, may/might, should/oughe to, must: If Helen passes all her exams, we're going to buy her a big presen I we book this holiday, we'll be lying on a warm beach in two weeks’ time I they win this next match, they'll have won every match in the season Ifyou need any help, eall me. Ii you phone me after 12 o'clock, 1 might be in bed. If they'don’t eat their dinner, they ean’t have any ice-cream, Second conditional “The if clause is usually in the past simple. However, we can also use the past continuous, could, or were/was to: If you were coming with me, Pd give you a lift If could have the day off, 'd come with you. If you were to ask Steve, I'm sure he would do it ‘The main clause usually has the modal would + infinitive, However, the ‘modals could and might are also used and the infinitive can be in the continuous form: If we had more money, we wouldn’t be living here, I we had more money, we could go out more often. Ifyou asked Tony, he might do it for you.inal Third conditional “The if Clause is usually in the past perfect simple. However, we can also use the past perfect continuous or could + perfect infinitive: If he had been travelling in that car, he would have been killed too, If we could have gota taxi, we would have come round to see you. ‘The main clause usually has the modal would + perfect infinitive. However, we can also use the modals could and might before the perfect Infinitive: IC had Known thete was no move WoIk to do, Leguld ave stayed i bed Ifthe ambulance had come sooner, he might have been saved, ‘The zero conditional IFT stay out late, Talways get a taxi home. present simple present simple ‘To describe something that is generally rue. The use of if here is very similar to when Each time I stay out late, 1 get a taxi home, ‘We can also use the past simple in the two clauses: ICI stayed out late, | always got a taxi home. Practice ‘2B Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form. 1 Oh dear, I think we're a bit late. If the concer’s already started, we won't. te allowed. (not be allowed) 10 go in 2 He wouldn't be coming here if he oo (not want) to. 3 Ifyou were planning to leave your husband, 1 : (advise) you against it 4 He could be earning lots of money now if he really {owant) to, but I don’t think that’s what he wants 5 You can stay here tonight if you {not have) anywhere else to stay. 6 ICT could have phoned you, | (tell) you what was happening, 7 ityou (have) any problems, give me a ringCasta 8 Ityou (get) here at about 8 o'clock, Fl be waiting for you. 9. We could have got there in time if you (phone) us earlier 10 If this should happen again, on... cvs (Come) and (tell) me about it immediately. 11 You can’t expect kindness and support from your family if you (not give) the same to them. 12 If she’s been working all day, she . (bo) very tired when she gets in. 13 Ifthe management were to reinstate the strike leader, the strike (be called off). (keep) working on this wit . essay, Ill have finished it by tonight 18 11 could borrow some money, 1 (definitely come) on the holiday with you, but I think it's unlikely 16 I might have been able to help you if you... (explain) the problem to me, 17 If 1 could live wherever 1 wanted to, I think 1 (choose) to live on a Scottish island. 18 if they had been listening more carefully, they .. (might understand) what { was saying Wo it (be) a year older, could join the army. 2O TT senses (get) a pay rise, I'm going to buy a now car aWhe covers wad uns t er wd ok nm me Conic te seioees wiht peseston og (Ara dur ete, ween up the bss ers 2 __tmecadot te ny ua ame Dont wary abou (8) aio eight be etn enn poe (Gra They want uso doe Were __basnest 5) Ks tou Sead mean em ow 8s. © voynsisa pon tte gon. Tato phone oks poe hae, Beyting ee 5c Test tre Se ou ate 1) Theatmophers bud. 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