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Hepcecanita, ba KOMUCTIUHIA Mpasonowiista~ ii (ecbopwmnpopasusae ob is eprax ete B coReTEKHA ep¥On JnoBeLeHHad B NOCTCOBETCKOE BEN 10 eTKOTO sOTHYeCKOO 3aBeP- tenia) wexoaitr 13 TpakoBKH pasa Kak rputeaiHcr#a Taki cOCTaD~ "AMOULNX, Kak paBHaR Mepa, CBOGOA H crIpABeLANBOCTE. ITH TPH CO CranHiux woMeHtTa npaonoro npuniwara Shopmatbioro aBeMeTDs B ebOeM EAMHCTHE BHIPAKAIOT cyluutocms npasa KaK paaHoll Mepw céoGoOD1 wenpasedauaocmu. “Ceov Konutemio B,C. Hepeeen ii eute » coseTexoe spews! 060- nase Kaksudepmapnoe npadononuanue. BrocaeacrBin, Kora B Oc- Nosy NpeoGpasonarit poccHitcKoft 2KOHOMAKM OMUAM TOTOKEHEL ta1eM 3xoHioMtteckoro HeoaHGepaansMa, pasBHBAeNbIe TAKUMH ABTO- pant, Kak ®. Xaliek it ap. Tepwitn eaGeprapiesy» pwobpeN 8 Poo” CurickON TeopHi pana NecKOAHKO HOR eMbIE:, OTAHIBIT 9 Dane TPHHUNNHATBHLIX MOMEHITOR OT TOTO, KOTOPHil BKAAHIBAT B Hero eprapnoro ripabonoHHManta, uae Harsaaio tps nposDIANeh -7paKTORKe Kare- it crpaseasnaocru. 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B ciay pasHbix MpHYHH Halle OGuIecTBO OKAIATOCb HHTEATEKTY~ anbito He FOTOBDIN K CTO CKOPOMY Kpaxy couHATHSMa. DikopHA OF HEOKMMAHHO HaXIMHYRINEH CROGOS, KOMILICKCHI Nepex 3ariaqOM H TeMMb! KapAMHa.tb- HBIX HAMHEHIT BCeX cibep rocystapeTBeH HON H OOWecTBeHHOML AHHH He TIOSROMILIH CTOPOHAHKAM sLeMOKpaTHYeCKHX peoGpasoBaHKit CrO- KofiHo OGCYAHTh I HasLIexaLIMM OPas0M OCMBICIHTE HCTOPHYECKOE MecTo H 3HaYeHHe COUMaNHaMa Kak OGulecTRA TepexOAHOrO THTIA. ‘A.6e3 9T0FO HeBOIMOKHO BIIPAGOTATS HEKOMY!O NozIeNb TOTO NOCTCO unanHeTH4ecKoro OGulecTBa, Tlepexon K KOTOPOMY OBI NOATOTOHICH couast¥3MoM, Mit flouuin 110 caMomy npoctoMy (mmpu¥em roncKasaH= OMY CO CTOpoHtbl) NYTH NpH3HaHMA cOUMATH3Ma HCTOpHYECKOHt oumGKoll PoccHH H He BaRIM Ha CeO TPYA NOAYMAT M NOHATE, 4TO crops He enaer TakHx ST1OXauIbHBIX OUIHOOK. 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XX b, amepuKaucknih cburocop ®. bykyama saab o KoHUe HcTopHN B pesyzBTare noGesLt SKOHOMMYecKOrO H HoruTHYeCKorO AUGepATIIIMA. «CObpaBUlasc BO- pyr PopOaea aMGepanbiiaa copeTcKas HHTesIHTeHUMA, — mtcal on B cBoeit HawyMeselt crarke ¢Kowey ucropuit?» (1989 r.), — npmuura K MOHHMAHHIO Hie KOHUA HeTOPHH 3a YAHBHTeTBHO KOPOTKIL CpOKe. K stomy MoxHo 206apiiT», 70 citoBa 0 NoGeae aNGEpamtaMa H OCHOM. Holt Teac aBTopa 06 «yHHBepcatHsaLNIN sanaiHoll ANGepatbKol 2e- MOxpaTHH Ka OKOHWaTenBHOM opMMt Mpawiesis Hala yitTeNe FeHuMa MoHsvia Npexkae Beero Kak NOGeay KaNMTANM3Ma HAR COUMa- AMSMOM. Hi xoTa TaKOli BBIBOR caMHM @. DyKyaMolt PANO Ne ‘hopmyanposatcs,, Tem He MeHee oH cezoBaN M3 eTO TpaKTOBKM KON. MYHHOMA KaK aHTHTeSbI NGepAIHsMy. Mexay TeM rloxoOHoe nporusonocraatenne AuGepaTiaMa 1 KOM MyHH3Ma HeKoppeKTHo To CMBICay 3tHx MOHsTHIL, B KavecTBe MpsMott a1bTepHATHBLI JMGePAIHOMY BLICTYNaeT ToTANUTapH3M, a KOMMYHIS- My Kak o6ulecTBeHHOMY ycTpolicTBY, OcHORAHHOMY 1a OGoGuLecTHIE- uu coOcTBeHHOCTH Ha cpencTBa NponsBOdCTEa, NPOTHBOCTOUT Kani ‘TAIMSM, T. €. OGULECTBO, IKOHOMHKA KOTOPOTO MOcTPoeHa Ha YacTHOM co6crseHHocTH. Kak mbt xopouio aHaem, noauTHYeckan npaxruka , MO MHeHMO creuMATHeToB, YxXe YTPAWHBAeT CRON TOsHuMH Ha 3anae. OaHaKo 8 PoceHH srocTMonepHHcTCKHit» NO2XOA k HoTOpHH aBaKeTes OCTATOHO pacnpocTpaneHHbIM, KaK MpeacTaB~ AMeTCA, B TOM HIICAE MOTOMY, TO 9THM MO]XONOM MOXHO OOBACHAT ‘suoGsIe SKCUIeCeHI «ocoGoro yTH PoceHH» B COMMALHO-MOAUTHYE- ii, npapoworl u apyrix cbepax. Dibachoro ¢ ywemow onuma acex epenen u napodos {KypenB Mon. — 8. 3. He nossoaser (sonpexs osiun canoro @ Bykyswss) or. 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Fpaso, 2kononKa u couvanbiasi cnparesnaocr®s C To¥KH speniia TakorO NloAXOMIa BAKHO OWsITR, 8 YeM COcTOMT akran counaniswa (a CooTseTeTBEHHO, eXALIeM B ETO OCHODE KOMMY~ HueTiMecKofi HaeH yHHYTOXCHHA YacTHO! cOGCTBEHHOCTH) 8 GopHOy enopesectsa 3a cBoGony u paBeHCTBO. 310 OsHavaer, ‘170 «pear cousaioM (co BcewH ero MOSHTHBHEIN H HeraTHBHEIMK CBoiicTDA- Mi) OWKeH GbIT® HOHAT B eBONt! HeOGXOMOCTH, a He KaK HeUTO cHy- 4aiinioe — B Brite npoaykra TeoperH4ecKol souIMGKHo, yAasnoro <3a- ONCKOTO seTKOBEPHA pens cayuahnocti 4 oGcrosreascrs — sHasHT OCTaBATICR BO ALTA npows#onsHBix peulenuiio (Manuibect 0 unpianane. C. Onwrt yxusroxeHia 4acrHoli coGcrsenHocTH & pant couvaiisMa HarianHo noKasan, 47o OTKas OT ¢bopMaul a (F. e. papeticraa B onHHakonoM pane Ha wacTHy!o cOOCTBEHHOCTD) mombsy hakTHMECKOrO paBeHCTaa (7. e. paneneTBa B MMyUlecTBe Hon rlonoxxetii) Oui ounGoueH. HukaKoro dbakTHYecKOro paneHicT- Ba He MoxeT OBIT ye B CHLIY NPMPONB paBeHCTHA, KOTOPOE AC: ‘opmanbio (aGerpaxtHo), a nonsiTkH urHopHPoDsTs oTy NOTHIECKy! AKCHOMY 8 peaTBHOCTH MpHBOIAT K CLOXHOII H samyraHHo! CHeTEME norpe6urenbcKix npusivierii, HlonlepxMBAeMEIX C NOMOULDIO Hac ans. Ho sror onbit He Mor onposepriyré Tor ¢bakr, '70 «m0 cpoell mpit- one acTHian coBcTBeHHOCTH TaKOBA, 470 MOKET ObiTb JUD ¥ HeKO- TOpHIK, HO He y BCEX, MpHYeM, 110 38KOHAM ee PAIBUTHA, aAVHTEABHAA ce YacT» KontteHTpHpyeTe y MetbUIMHCTHa OOMLecTBa, a GOnBIHHCT- 30 oaakisacTes Ges coGcrseHHocTH Ha cpeAcTBa poHsBOIcTHA. OBy- ‘caopeHHan STHM 9KOHOMIecKas 3ABHCHMOCTE HECOGCTBEHHIKOB OT coBctBcHiHKoD cyulecTBeHHO JeBANABIYeT L1H HecOBCTHEHHMKOR Mpaktiveckoe sHa4eHie bopMansHo-npazonoro paveuicroa...» (Ma- nucect © uxsutnawe. C. 2). Tostomy 10 Tex rlop, rloKa Gyaer coxpa~ NaTbes YacTHiaa COOCTBEHHOCTS, KOMMYHICTHYECKAS HAeONOTHA Kak Maconoris HecobcTREHHMKOD OyeT HMeT CHOW MuTaTeMbIY'O epeay. Eci wexouutr® 43 Toro, 4To counanuaM — 9To He HeTopHYecKaA OUINDKa, a HTOF THKCOH, KPORABO!, HO OTHIOAD He GecembicxeHHO!t paGorss Hcropmit 10 cbopwuporatinio npesriocs10x su18 HOBOTO BITKA eropirteckoro nporpecca v cBoGouEI, TO OMOKO! cxeayeT MpHaHaT ak pa3 BosBpar OT CouMamHSMa K KANHTAMKSMY, T. €. HOBRPAT OT 06 llecTBeHHof coGcTBeHHOCTH K YACTHOMI COBeTREHKOCTH Ha cpeteTaa npovsnoxcrsa. Ho ecau dopoea om couuatsa edem ne K KOMMSHUM) une « Kanumasuamy, mo Kya ona sedem? Tax nocrasun sonipoc B.C. Hepeecati. Orvevast Ha Hero, on ule 8 1989 r. cchopay.anposan iune10 H 8 OGulNX Yeprax parpaGoran KOH \GalykneHst HT. 31. Oc- BXONAIMHN BHELIHHX THX cayyaitnocrelt fa Mai § 5. Crawonenite puinossoro crpos es UNBAN uenunw yueutusma (OT AaT. civis — rpaxklaHiH) Kak HOBOTO a feunoro etpos, # ocHoNe KOToporO ACKHT MpHBHAHHe 20 KAXAOM pardlannvow crpansisHOTO, IpHpOxTIENHOTO M HEOT‘YRAAEMOTO npasa Ha pagioiil MuHUMYM coPemaenNin 2 Pat > COBCTREH ra «oGutentapomnoti> 7 peex OnM OT secouMasHSALNEH HEKO! - noctn!. Cpepx 9T0rO MHHHMyMa rpaxiaHcKoit ae paruiorage! fOcTH, PHIHOSHOE bY auoTed ace apyTe BITS COGCTBEHHOCTH, BaHHe KOTOpbIX OecneuHBacT anddbepenunanmio B pacpeseneHHe coumatiix 6rar Tlepexoa or counanneTHueckont coGcTBeHHOCTH K rpaxkaaHcKol coGcTREHHOCTH Mor GbITD, M0 MbICAH B.C. Hepcecanua, BbIpaxeH B neayrourei opriaiieckoit ope: : a Bea Gtipivad COUMAMMCTHYECKas COOCTBEHHOCT B Se ‘@enepaunn GecriaTHO MHKBHAYIM: supyeTca aaa es cx fo npHHULN pasHoro MpaBa KaxAOTO MpAXLL ° pedicel — ogHHakopyl0 10710 oT BCE mipeo6pasyemol Couna- neriieeKof CoBcTHEHHOCTH 2. B cooraercrann ¢ TaKolt aeconmannsauneit ommanmnernsecson coGernennocTi nce ee OBKexT cravtopaTea OBveKTaMH emtHHOTO *poH- sta obluet rpascaviexoll coBcTBeNocTH, 8 paNKax KoTOpO! Kea rpaxaaHin O6alaeT PaBHbiM MpaBOM | Ha pean eee ‘yoctb. YmpaniieHne 3THM doHAOM obule rpaxaancKolt cot aa CTH OcyilecTBAAETCA Ha OCHOBE Yerapa chouma nepHoaHueck! ee feuuin conepulenoneTHiIMi rpaxaanai-cocodcrennuKaNtt CO ferom dowa, ero periowabisim NecTHbInH ovaeaeHHaDMH. Vera borla MpuHHMaetcH KOHTpECCOM Blagembles TpaxksaHcKol COC enHOCT 3. Fpaxnanckas CoOcTBeHHOCTE y BCEX 6e3 HCKMONEHHA Liven oanHakona. 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Hi oa iui ite a out rpaxaria Moxer Guy sen pata tpanaatnyyo coGcrbetict [PEK exis eOOCTHENIIOGTH OTACABHIN TAKIN He NOILTEXIT HOBAT Bue coseracioern nex raat pao peaaacnyo cos HHOCTH He MOxer GhiTs MOTO - reer 3eTbIO HIM YacTHSIHO MepesaHO Apy- 6. JUia Kaxx0r0 rpaxsaiiia orkperBacren AaHcKoll cobcrBeHHOCTH, Ha KoTOpHI 8 MeHETpaN Milt cuer rpax- ]ocrye pata 1H REEX AOU OT eX LOXONOE, Nesyact oro en te coterie ace pana wpeanrae cx up panonno- sain O03 (Manudect o unsunusme. C. 22), ey cece tae — a PME eS UNCP epamcdancKoit cobcm- pcm — icmpykuyur udeaavnoi donu Kancdo one cobcmsennocmu ecex epamdan. Sebaatatacacete a mee XOHUCNUMH LMBHIH3Ma OGOCHOBAM ee C Pa3HBIX TOK 3pe- cicero PaGorsi B. C. Hepcecanua 1 coOcrsenuuiit anain3 ea ions eee Peannii NocaeaHHx set, # Mor 6b " pou o60CHo8aH HO METILMH Ha CaMOCTORTENBHOE Ht 3H; Sick eel suo Ce PesecrELenrea OGoctosanne umsmntava c nosnuuil anareKrecKoll MeToxO:OrIN Neeaexonanua counambubrx npoueccos ae emma BbiBHHyTax B. C. Hepcecakuem, — 970 loot Topscxoro pent avarexriexoro pana a 3 Sop npeninonoroxtoeel x aanioynpouece nereprae nostoner na Howow ike atore npouccca anaexrnruckr engee . anatextiecit porusopeie cay karannawow (kx epee CeNOFa ‘gto Eoferaeoer counamoxon nak ero aes ee Be creek mia '4acTHOH COOCTBEHHOCTH), wet G epee near, rn spom ons woRK nese 5 — colnanita — taiavoe Hepes re teeckyeo opi auanexrinn tee — aritesne — chime B stow xowexer cman ax paaans sana coGolt HeraTHBHylo CTalMio B pasBUTHH MHpOBOii HCTO- § 5. Crasionnetite pitlosoro C1pOm M ven UMBILTS A 143 put» (Punocosua pasa. C. 414), To, sro HasbiBatocb (It 40 cH HOP DUINGOYHO HaSBIBAeTCA) «COUMANHICTHHECKO! COUCTREMHOCTBIO”, «CO MaIMCTHMeCKHM MPABOM> Ht €COUNAMCTHECKHM FOCYAPCTBON, 10 Cchoeli cyTH ecTb OTpHlLaHHe cOOCTHEHHOCTH, npaba H TOcyAapeTBeH- HOCTH, HX MOJMEHa OCTORHHEM «DCEX BMECTE H HUKOTO B OTEIIBHO- Cri (KOTAA HUKTO He MOXET PACKOPHKATECA ITHM AOCTORHEM KAK cBoell COGCTHEHHOCTSIO), AHTHMPABOBbIM 3aKOHORATEMBCTBOM H TAP~ TuiiHoit ankTaTypoll. TakAM OGpasom, «B HeTOpHYECKOM ABIKEH IM ‘om npewcnezo pasencmaa x OyOyWeMy Boasulemy pasencmey COUNAAHSM SaunMaeT MpoMeXyTouHoe MlOLOxCHHE OTPHUAHNA MouAoTO Ges yrnepatenuia Gynyiuero (kypeuB Moti. — B. 3.)» (Duxoco*>ua papa. ©.413). ‘CaoxHocrn mepexoua or 9TOH HerarHBHoit craaum K Hacrosweit coBeraenHocTs (a Hepes Hee K mpaby M npaBoBoMy TocynapcrBy) 3a~ kavowaerea BTOM, mucai B.C. Hepcecarit, ro «oT OGeaHYeHHO!l CO- Lu@UCTUMECKOH COGCTREHHOCTH HeoGxodUMO nepelimu x uNdusudyane- tnoit coBemacnnocmu, Ho emecme ¢ mes amo He Moxcem Guim eo2epamon x wacmnoit co6cmsennocmu (kypens Molt. — B. 3.)» (Dwrocorpua mpa- ba, C, 441), MMenHo Hcropiieckas TynKOBOCTS BOsBpaTa K YaCTHOH coGcrBeHHOCTH — riyGHHHiaa MpHMTa HALWHX ABHDIX Heya Ha 9TOM nyt, TIpennaraestat mole cOGCTBEHHOCTH B YCTOBHAX UNBHLAMS- Ma — 9TO HOBLIfi War B pasBHITHM SKOHOMHYECKOTO HHCTHTyTA COOCT- BeHHOCTH, sbixXoAUINi 3a PAMKH CHCTeMB YACTHOCOBCTBEHHUMECKHX orwomentiti. Tlockosky sala Moxeab npemnomaraeT Hane MUHMMaBHO! coGeTseHHocTH Ha cpeacTRa npoMsnoncTBa y Kaxedoco TpaxaaHMHa Crpani, To sce ApyTHe BILIBI HHUAMBHAYaAbHO!L M rpynTOBO! COGeT- peHHOCTH, KOTOpLIe @YHKUMOMMPYIOT Ha PbIEKE, Y’KE YTPATAT XApAK- ep 4acTHoli coGcTBeNtocTH. B CTPOTOM COmMa:IsHO-SKOHOMHYCCKOM ceMbiee ato Gyzer ye He xacmnax coGcmaennocme, KoTOpam BETA ipeanioaaracr pasuesenine oOulecTBa Ha COGCTRCHHHKOD Ht HecoBCT- ReHHHKoB. «Hauletenine BCEX rpaxaaNCKoit COOCTHEHHOCTEIO, — 1O.L- Nepkipan B. C. Hepcecanil, — paiskanbo MeHtaeT ace OTHOWeHHS coBcTBeHHOCTH H caM THN OOUIECTREHHOTO H TocyaapcTBEHHO-TpaBo~ Boro CTpOA: OHO es10 — AHTATOHNSM MeXay COGCTHEHHUKAMIL H He~ CoBCTAEHHMKAMM, H COBCEM sIpyTOe ec10 — OTHOWEHUSL MeXAY BAa- eabuaMn Goabuiell 1 MeHbUIe! COGCTBCHHOCTH B YCAOBHAK OKI HeHMOrO HeOTYykaaeMoro PaBHOTO pawa KAaxLOTO Ha MHHHMYM cobcraenHoctit» (Manutbecr o unsianane. C. 28). Tloscuas, novemy Wien UHBHANSNA ochone ocmBbiesteHi ormbiTa peatbrtoro coumausma, B.C. HepcecsiHit nica: «MOxHo ckasatb, ITO HCTOPHYECKOE MPOCTPAHETBO, KAK HM ~~44 rana Il FIpago, skowownxa Ht cousaniaa enpavenmipocr» Npoctpaver#o (usHUeCKOe, HCKPHBIEHO, H yBIETE, ITO HOBOTO 3a *ICTOSLMM GONBLINM HETOPHYECKHM MOBOPOTOM, MOXHO THU) Mlocae TOTO, KaK TaKoMt MOBOPOT y>ke PeatbHO HTOpHECKH MonTOTOR- sien H BosMoxeHt. H Ha oBepKY OKASBIBAeTCA, 4TO TOBOPSILHE O «KOH Ue McTopHM, No cyulecTBY, NPUSHAIOT, HTO AAA HUX sleiteTBHTETBHO Mpescroauree Gyayuiee ete He BHANMO...» (Duxocodus mpana. C.428), C mosuunii 2 anateKrsecKoro nonxoaa y COUMAIMaMa MOxeT Gorrb Tomko TaKoe ByAyILee, KOTOPOE couud 4uaM H BMecTe C TEM NPeoSpaAsyeT eFO HTOTH JUIs PeaTBHO BOIMOKHOTO H HeoGxonHMoro Gyayuiero (kypeHs Moti. — B, 3.)» (Duxocopus npa~ ba C, 406). Takust o6pas0m, MOKHO cules1aTb BbIBO, TO OrpAHHYeH- Has MpeacTanAcHMAMM o KOHILe HCTOPHH snosHTHBHAR ANaTeKTHKA Terens B aelicranrenbHocTH ynupaerea B KANWTATH3M, pannKambHast HeraTupiaa auaieKTHKa Mapkea sasepulaeTes aHTHKarWTatHOMOM. 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