[

A1

| B1 ] =

0
1

1 1
1 1

2 2

B1

A1 |
E2T ; = 12 E3T ;

= 2

E3T E2T E1T A E1

E3T E2T E1T M T

A2

B2

A2 ,

E3T E2T E1T A E1 E2 E3

[ A2 | B2 ] =

[ A2 | B2 ] =

E3T E2T E1T M T

P T = B2 = E3T E2T E1T M T =

P T AP = D = A3 =

A2

B2

2
1

A B n, AB

A B n. AB AB =
BA
P P 1
P P T
P |P | = 1.
P n n P

Rn

1
1
P = 1 1

A,
.

A B
A, B Mnn , M = B A P = IIn IIn
n

1
= P
2

P
1
P M P det M = det(A + B) det(A B)

pM () = det(M I) = det((A + B) I) det((A B) I) .

P Q P Q

Q1 , Q2 , . . . , Qm

Q1
0

Q=

0

0
Q2

0
0

Qm

x A y AT
= , x, y

A n n
(A) = Tr A =

n
n

(aij )2 .

i=1 j=1

a Mn1 A = (aT a)1 aaT
A2 = A.

A
M A = M T M.

A
T
A = T T T. n
A
A n p
(p < n) n p
M A = M T M.

A, B
A2 = A B
(ABA) = (A) = Tr A

A = [aij ]nn
aii >

,j=1, j=i

|aij |

i = 1, 2, . . . n, A
0 A


P P T M P Tr M
(A).
(i)

M=

1
2

2
5

(ii)

1
M = 1
0

1
0
0

0
0
1

1 1 1
2 1 1
1 1
(iii) M = 1 2 1 (iv) M = 1
1 1 2
1 1
1

4 2 2
4 4 2
(v) M = 2 3 0 (vi) M = 4 4 2
2 0 5
2 2 1

Q QT M Q

Ip
0
0

1
M = 1
0

(i)

1
M = 2
0

(iii)

2
M = 1
1

(v)

1
1
0
2
0
0
1
1
1

0
I
0

0
0
1

0
0
1

1
1
5

0
0 .
0

(ii)

(iv)

(vi)

0
M = 1
1

1
2
2

1
M = 0
1

0
2
1

1
M = 2
1

2
4
2

1
2
1

1
1
1

1
2
8

QT M Q = I P, M =
P P.

QT M Q = I0p 00 , P,
M = P T P.

A B

n. A
T
T
Q Q AQ = In Q BQ = D

|B A| = 0,

A
P
P T AP = In . C = P T BP. C