Timber Design

CIVL1650

Page 1 of 9

Calculation Sheet

October 27, 2014

Assignment #4 Solution

Problem 1

A 175 by 950 mm 20f-E D. Fir-L glulam roof beam spans 10.133 m between columns.
The dead load for the bean is 10.4 kN/m (including self weight) and the snow load is
19.5 kN/m. Normal duration loading and dry service conditions apply. Flat trusses
spaced at 600 mm on centre provide full lateral support to the top of the beam. The
total load deflection limit is L/180. Is this design acceptable?

beam width
depth

b 175mm
d 950mm

span length,

L 10.133m

factored load

loads dead

live

kN

wS 19.5

kN

m
kN
m

LC1

wf 1.4 wD

wf 14.6

LC3

wf 1.25 wD 1.5 wS

wf 42.25

the most unfavourable factored load is,

factored moment

Mf

factored shear

V f

deflection

wD 10.4

wf L

kN
m

(LC3)

Mf 542 kN m

8
wf L

wf 42.3

kN
m

limiting value
of deflection
required stiffness

2 d

V f 174 kN
limit

E_Ireqd

L
180
5 wD wS L

384 limit

E_Ireqd 72912 10 N mm

Timber Design
CIVL1650

Page 2 of 9

Calculation Sheet

October 27, 2014

Assignment #4 Solution

Beam checklist for straight glulam beams (Page 53, Wood Design Manual 2010)
1) positive bending moments
2) standard load duration

KD 1.0

3) dry service condition

KS 1.0

4) untreated lumber

KT 1.0

5) lateral support

KL 1.0

full lateral support is provided by roof

6) size factor

KZbg 1.0

trusses spaced 600 mm o.c.

check after beam has been selected

KN 1.0

7) no notches
8) beam volume < 2

m3

check after beam has been selected

use the Glulam Beam Selection Tables (White Page 66, WDM 2010) for 175 mm wide beams
(20f-E stress grade D.Fir-L glulam)
175 x 950 mm beam

Mr = 606kN m
V r = 200kN
9

E_I = 155000 10 N mm
size factor

V f 174 kN

E_Ireqd 72912 10 N mm

beam width

b 175 mm

beam length between points of zero moment

L 10.133 m

size factor

.18

b L .18
b L

KZbg if 1.03
1.0 1.03
1.0
m m
m m

KZbg 0.929
the size factor is less than 1.0 (i.e., KZbg 0.929 ) so we must adjust the Mr value
obtained from the Beam Section Tables
moment resistance

Mr KZbg 606kN m
Mr 563 kN m

Mr 563 kN m Mf 542 kN m

beam volume

okay

175mm 950mm 10.333 m 1.72 m < 2.0m

V r = F v

the 175 x 950 mm D.Fir-L 20f-E stress grade glulam beam is an acceptable
solution for this design

2 A
3

KN

Timber Design
CIVL1650

Page 3 of 9

Calculation Sheet

October 27, 2014

Assignment #4 Solution

Detailed calculation for girder using 20f-E D.Fir-L glulam lumber

calculate design strength values

specified strengths for 20f-E stress

fb 25.6MPa

Table 6.3.1

fv 2.0MPa

grade D. Fir / L glulam

E 12400MPa
modification factors

KD 1.0

Standard load duration, Table 4.3.2.2

KH 1.0

no load sharing

KSb 1.0

Dry service conditions

KSv 1.0
KSE 1.0
KT 1.0
design strength

Untreated lumber, Table 5.4.3

F b fb KD KH KSb KT

F b 25.6 MPa

F v fv KD KH KSv KT

F v 2.00 MPa

E s E KSE KT
bending resistance

Mr = Fb S KL Kx

strength reduction factor

0.9

curvature factor

Kx 1.0

lateral stability factor

KL 1.0

size factor

E s 12400 MPa
Mr = F b S KZbg Kx

or

straight beam
top of girders are laterally restrained by
roof trusses spaced at 600 mm o.c.
b 175 mm

beam width

beam length between points of zero moment

size factor

b L

m m

KZbg if 1.03

.18

L 10.133 m

b L

m m

1.0 1.03

.18

1.0

KZbg 0.929

section modulus
moment resistance

Mr F b S KZbg Kx

b d
S
6

S 26323 10 mm
Mr 563 kN m

Mr 563 kN m > Mf 542 kN m

Timber Design
CIVL1650

Page 4 of 9

Calculation Sheet

October 27, 2014

Assignment #4 Solution

check shear
3

beam volume

175mm 950mm 10.333 m 1.72 m < 2.0m

shear resistance

V r = F v

notch factor

KN 1.0

area

A b d

2 A
KN
3

A 166250 mm

V r Fv

2 A
KN
3

V r 200 kN

V r 200 kN > Vf 174 kN

check deflection
deflection limit

limit

moment of inertia

actual deflection

b d
12

L
180

limit 56.3 mm

I 12503 10 mm

5 wD wS L
384 E s I

26.5 mm

26.5 mm < limit 56.3 mm

the 175 x 950 mm D.Fir-L 20f-E stress grade glulam beam is an acceptable
solution for this design

Timber Design
CIVL1650

Page 5 of 9

Calculation Sheet

October 27, 2014

Assignment #4 Solution

Problem 2

Select the size of a 20f-E Spruce-Pine glulam beam to support the dead and live loads
shown in the accompanying illustration. The load duration is normal and dry service
conditions apply. The dead load includes an allowance for self-weight of the beam.
Lateral support is provided at the supports only. Consider moment and shear only.
Use the beam selection tables in Wood Design Manual 2010.

P L = 8 KN

P L = 8 KN

PL = 10 KN

P L = 8 KN

P L = 8 KN

w D = 4 KN/m

1m

loads

dead

1.5 m

1.5 m

kN

wD 4

live

1m

P L1 8kN
P L2 10kN

factored load

kN
m

LC1

wf 1.4 wD

wf 5.6

LC2

wf 1.25 wD

wf 5

P f1 1.5 P L1

P f1 12 kN

P f2 1.5 P L2

P f2 15 kN

the most unfavourable factored load is,

P f = 12 kN

P f = 12 kN

Pf = 15 kN

wf 5

kN

m
P f1 12 kN
P f2 15 kN

(LC2)

Pf = 12 kN

Pf = 12 kN

wf = 5 KN/m

1m

3m

kN
m

1m

Timber Design
CIVL1650

Page 6 of 9

Calculation Sheet

October 27, 2014

Assignment #4 Solution

Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

20

17 kN
15 kN

15

12 kN

10 kN

10

7.5 kN
5

SFD
(kN)

0
-5
-7.5 kN
-10

-12 kN
-15 kN

-15
-20

-17 kN

2.38 kNm

BMD
(kNm)

-5
-10
-15

-14.5 kNm

-14.5 kNm

maximum factored shear force

V f 17kN

maximum factored bending moment +ve

Mf 2.4kN m

-ve

Mf 14.5kN m

Solution using Sawn Timbers Beam Selection Tables (white pages 63 and 64, WDM 2010)
factored bending moment

Mf 14.5 kN m

factored shear force

V f 17 kN

Timber Design
CIVL1650

Page 7 of 9

Calculation Sheet

October 27, 2014

Assignment #4 Solution

Glulam Beam Selection Table Checklist

1) positive bending moments only

2) standard load duration KD 1.0

(for straight glulam beams: Page 53, Wood Design

Manual 2010)

negative moment above supports

3) dry service condition

KS 1.0

4) untreated lumber

KT 1.0

5) lateral support

KL 1.0

check after beam has been selected

6) size factor

KZbg 1.0

check after beam has been selected

7) no notches

KN 1.0

check after beam has been selected

8) beam volume < 2 m3

80 x 228 mm beam

Mr = 16.0kN m
V r = 19.5kN

Mf 15 kN m (for positive bending)

V f 17 kN

check for negative bending

calculate design strength values
specified strengths for 20f-E stress

Table 6.3.1

fb 19.2MPa
fv 1.75MPa

grade D. Fir / L glulam

E 10300MPa

modification factors

KD 1.0

Standard load duration, Table 4.3.2.2

KH 1.0

no load sharing

KSb 1.0

dry service conditions

KSv 1.0
KSE 1.0
KT 1.0
design strength

Untreated lumber, Table 5.4.3

F b fb KD KH KSb KT
F v fv KD KH KSv KT
E s E KSE KT

F b 19.2 MPa
F v 1.75 MPa
E s 10300 MPa

Timber Design
CIVL1650

Page 8 of 9

Calculation Sheet

October 27, 2014

Assignment #4 Solution
Mr = Fb S KL Kx

bending resistance

or

Mr = F b S KZbg Kx

strength reduction factor

0.9

curvature factor

Kx 1.0

size factor

KZbg 1.0

lateral stability factor

KL 1.0

section modulus

initialize section modulus, S 0mm

straight beam

check after preliminary size is known

3

Mf = F b S KL Kx

Given

Sreqd Find ( S )

Sreqd 839 10 mm
b 80mm

standard width of glulam beam

Given

d 0mm
b d
Sreqd =
6

dreqd Find ( d )
dreqd 251 mm

the depth of glulam beams are expressed in multiples of a 38 mm lamination thickness

depth

check size factor

dreqd
38mm
38mm

d ceil

d 266 mm

b 80 mm

beam width

L 2.25m

beam length between points of zero moment

size factor

.18

b L .18
b L

KZbg if 1.03
1.0 1.03
1.0
m m
m m

KZbg 1
lateral stability factor

beam spacing, lu 3m
effective length

Le 1.92 lu

slenderness ratio

CB

Le 5760 mm

Le d
b

CB 15.47

0.97 E KSE KT

CB > 10

CK

1 > CB > CK

1 CB
KL 1

3 CK

Fb

CK 22.8

KL 0.929

Timber Design
CIVL1650

Page 9 of 9

Calculation Sheet

October 27, 2014

Assignment #4 Solution

b d
6

3 mm3

section modulus

S 943 10

moment resistance

Mr F b S KL Kx 15.2 kN m
Mr 15.2 kN m > Mf 14.5 kN m

check shear
Clause 6.5.7.1.2 stipulates that the effect of all loads acting within a distance d from a support
need not be taken into account
this is equivalent to calculating the shear force at a distance d from the support
17.0 kN
d

266mm
V f 17kN
( 17kN 12kN )
1000mm

12.0 kN

Vf

V f 15.7 kN
1000 mm

d
-15.0 kN

beam volume

130mm 380mm 7.32 m 0.36 m < 2.0m

notch factor

KN 1.0

area

A b d
V r Fv

V r = F v

2 A
3

KN

A 21280 mm
2 A
KN
3

V r 22.3 kN > Vf 15.7 kN

use a 80 x 266 mm 20f-E stress grade Spruce-Pine glulam beam