January 30: The Basics of Genetics: MENDEL to DNA

Objectives
Discuss heredity and genetics
Understand genes and traits
Discuss DNA and the genome
Discuss genotype and phenotype
What does this have to do with Evolution?
Unlocking the Secrets of Heredity
Darwin knew something was passed on from parents to offspring.
What was it?
Pangenesis
Blending Inheritance
Gregor Mendel
Mendelian Inheritance
ALLELES
Dominant traits:
Recessive traits:
Principle of Segregation
Genes:
Principle of Independent Assortment
Example
Genotype and Phenotype
Genotype
Phenotype
Mendelian Inheritance

Y
y
YY
Yy
Why are all the F1 Generation plants green?

Why is there a yellow plant in the F2 generation?

Punnett Square

Modern Genetics
GENES!
Alleles
Chromosomes
Genes, DNA, & Chromosomes
OH MY (TAKE NOTES ON THE FILM)

DNA
Paired nucleotides
A, C, T, G
Hold DNAs two strands together in a..
DOUBLE HELIX
Can be replicated by splitting the two strands
Humans have ____ chromosomes (made of DNA) that carry all our genetic
information

 How do cells make copies of themselves and all the stuff they contain?
Mitosis:
Meiosis:
MITOSIS
Cellular Division:

Recombination and Meiosis:

HOMOLOGOUS
CROSSING OVER
LINKAGE
Recombination and Meiosis:
Mutations:
Genetic Mutation is _______________
Mutation Types
Harmful Mutations

Mutation Types
Beneficial Mutations

Sickle Cell Trait

 Genotype, Phenotype, DNA and Environment

Norm of Reaction:

If the environment can shape an organisms phenotype, can organisms shape their
environment?
Niche Construction:

Now biologists see organisms as capable of intervening in their own evolutionary

fate!
In relation to humans then, we must make room human agency!